The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.

ObjectiveRegulatory functions of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua PLT (PcPLT) in the growth and development of rhizomes of the plant were investigated. Methods Based on the P. cyrtonema transcriptome database, the identity and bioinformatics of PcPLT family were obtained. Relative expressions in tissues of the plant and that under NaCl stress were detected using the qRT-PCR technique. The fusion expression vectors of PcPLT2-2 and PcPLT2-7 were constructed, and their fluorescence signals examined to determine subcellular localization.Results Fifteen PcPLT family members were identified. They were hydrophilic proteins, absent of intron structure, coded 159-601 amino acids, and evolutionarily closely related to Liliaceae Asparagus officinalis L. The predicted subcellular localization of PcPLT2-2 was in cytoplasm and nucleus, while PcPLT2-7 in nucleus only. PcPLT2-3 and PcPLT2-7 mostly in the rhizomes; and PcPLT1-3, PcPLT1-4, and PcPLT2-7 responsive to salt stress. ConclusionPcPLT were tissue-specific and capable of enhancing the stress resistance of P. cyrtonema. They might act as an organ development regulator associated with the morphogenesis of rhizome expansion. If so, the result obtained in this study would be of value for the in-depth understanding of the biological functions of PLT.

ObjectiveFamily of aminoacylase 1 genes (ACY1) in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was identified, and associated resistance functions analyzed.MethodsBased on the transcriptome data, the family of P. cyrtonema Hua aminoacylase genes (PcACY1) was identified. Physicochemical properties, structure, conserved motifs, and evolutionary relationships of the members were analyzed. Expressions of PcACY1 in tissues/organs and under salt stress were detected by qRT-PCR. ResultsThe PcACY1 family had two members located in the cytoplasm, both of which were hydrophilic proteins with signal peptides and no transmembrane structure. As shown in the phylogenetic tree, they exhibited two categories of evolutionary characteristics. The predicted cis-acting elements of the plant ACY1 promoter indicated the presence of multiple hormone-, stress-, and growth/development-related functions. PcACY1 displayed significantly differentiated expressions in different tissues and organs which could be induced by salt stress. ConclusionPcACY1 appeared to play an important role in the growth and development as well as stress resistance of P. cyrtonema .

Glutamate receptor-like (GLR) is an important class of Ca2+ channel proteins, playing important roles in plant growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana GLR gene family based on banana genomic data. Moreover, we analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, evolutionary relationships, and used real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to verify the expression patterns of some GLR family members under low temperature of 4 ℃ and different hormone treatments. The results showed that there were 19 MaGLR family members in Musa acuminata, 16 MbGLR family members in Musa balbisiana and 14 MiGLR family members in Musa itinerans. Most of the members were stable proteins and had signal peptides, all of them had 3-6 transmembrane structures. Prediction of subcellular localization indicated that all of them were localized on the plasma membrane and irregularly distributed on the chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana GLRs could be divided into 3 subclades. The results of promoter cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding site prediction showed that there were multiple hormone- and stress-related response elements and 18 TFBS in banana GLR. RT-qPCR analysis showed that MaGLR1.1 and MaGLR3.5 responded positively to low temperature stress and were significantly expressed in abscisic acid/methyl jasmonate treatments. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that GLR, a highly conserved family of ion channels, may play an important role in the growth and development process and stress resistance of banana.

[目的]PIFs属于basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)转录因子家族的第15亚族,研究其在龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)中的表达特征可为其参与调控植物的生长发育和抵御逆境胁迫过程中的作用机制提供参考.[方法]基于龙眼基因组和转录组数据进行PIFs基因家族的鉴定与生物信息学分析,对其启动子序列进行顺式作用元件分析;基于龙眼体胚发生早期3个阶段[胚性愈伤组织(Embryogenic callus,EC)、不完全胚性紧实结构(Incomplete embryotic compacted structure,ICpEC)、球形胚(Spherical embryo,GE)]、不同组织部位(花、花蕾、叶、果皮、果肉、根、种子、茎、幼果)、不同温度(15℃、25℃、35℃)和不同光质(蓝光、白光和黑暗)处理下龙眼EC转录组数据,通过龙眼PIFs的FPKM值分析其表达模式,并采用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)分析DlPIFs在龙眼体胚发生早期、不同生长调节剂[生长素(2,4-D)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)]处理下的表达情况.[结果]生物信息学分析表明所鉴定的龙眼PIFs家族8个成员均具有bHLH结构域,编码区长度介于975～2298 bp,包含5～8个外显子和6个motif,亚细胞定位预测均定位于细胞核.DlPIFs启动子中不仅含有响应光、激素和非生物胁迫的作用元件,还具有与种子生长和胚胎发育过程相关的作用元件.系统进化树分析显示DlPIFs分布在4大分支上,与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、甜橙[Citrus sinensis(L.)Osbeck]亲缘关系较近.不同组织器官的转录组数据分析结果表明,DlPIF1-1的表达量在种子中最高,DlPIF1-2的表达量在果肉中最高,DlPIF4的表达量在茎中最高,DlPIF5的表达量在花蕾中最高,DlPIF7和DlPIF8的表达量在叶中最高.不同光质转录组数据分析结果表明,DlPIF1-1、DlPIF5和DlPIF8在蓝光处理下的表达量明显高于对照,DlPIF4在白光和蓝光处理下的表达量均明显高于对照,DlPIF1-2在3种光质处理下的表达量差别不明显.不同温度的转录组数据分析结果表明,相对高温(35℃)促进DlPIF4和DlPIF6的表达,抑制DlPIF1-1、DlPIF1-2、DlPIF3和DlPIF8的表达;相对低温(15℃)促进DlPIF1-1、DlPIF3和DlPIF5的表达,抑制DlPIF1-2、DlPIF4、DlPIF6和DlPIF8的表达.qRT-PCR结果显示,DlPIF1-1、DlPIF5、DlPIF6和DlPIF8的表达量随着龙眼体胚早期的发育不断下降,DlPIF1-2和DlPIF3的表达量在EC到ICpEC阶段下降,在ICpEC到GE阶段上升,DlPIF4和DlPIF7的表达模式与之相反.与其他成员相比,DlPIF5和DlPIF7的表达量在5种生长调节剂处理下都具有明显变化.[结论]DlPIFs家族在龙眼的生长发育进程中可能具有不同的功能,并可能参与生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的响应过程.

植物光敏色素作用因子(phytochrome interacting factor,PIF)是广泛分布于植物体内的一种转录因子,在植物的生长发育方面有着重要的作用.基于香蕉基因组数据,对香蕉MaPIF基因家族进行基因组鉴定,采用生物信息学分析方法对其进行命名,分析理化性质、蛋白质结构、基因结构、启动子顺势作用元件以及构建系统进化树;分析PIF家族在不同激素处理下的表达情况.结果显示,香蕉MaPIF家族有7个成员,均含有高度保守的bHLH结构域;编码区长度在1 116-2 001 bp之间,至少包含5个内含子,且大部分位于细胞外;进化树结果可以发现与拟南芥、水稻以及玉米PIF的亲缘关系较近;顺式作用元件预测结果显示,MaPIF上存在多种与激素和光相关的响应元件.qRT-PCR结果显示,MaPIF3-1、MaPIF4、MaPIF4-1在生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、生长素抑制剂(NPA)处理中均有显著表达,除此之外,所有成员在脱落酸(ABA)处理下均有明显表达.本研究表明MaPIF在香蕉生长发育中激素调控有重要作用.

为揭示甜橙组蛋白乙酰转移酶1基因(CsHAC1)在柑橘黄龙病(HLB)侵染过程中的响应机制,利用PCR和RT-PCR分别克隆该基因gDNA和cDNA序列,并进行系列生物信息学分析.同时,还对CsHAC1互作蛋白进行预测并研究它们在感染HLB的柑橘中的表达情况.结果显示,该基因编码序列(CDS)全长为5 307 bp,预测可编码含有1 768个氨基酸、无信号肽和跨膜结构的蛋白质.亚细胞定位预测的结果显示CsHAC1主要定位在细胞核.CsHAC1含有ZnFTAZ、PHD、HAT KAT11、ZnF ZZ等多个保守结构域,蛋白互作预测结果显示CsHAC1与ZC3H19L、SUMOs和HAM1L等蛋白存在互作关系.启动子顺式作用元件预测结果显示CsHAC1启动子除含有大量光响应元件外还含有一些逆境(如低温、防御和应激、厌氧等)和激素(如脱落酸、生长素、水杨酸等)相关元件.通过分析CsHAC1及其互作蛋白编码基因在感染黄龙病的柑橘根和叶片中的表达情况发现,CsHAC1在叶片中的表达受HLB诱导,且与HAM1L的表达呈显著负相关.本研究结果表明CsHAC1可能和它的互作蛋白基因一起通过表观遗传调控参与柑橘对HLB侵染的响应.