In this study, biodegradable composites were prepared which were reinforced with pineapple fiber and fillers (coconut, eggshell and seashell) epoxy polymer resin. All prepared bio composite samples were characterized for thermal characteristics using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and chemical composition of fabricated samples were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The study was focused on the effect of reinforced fillers on the thermal stability of prepared composites and their identification for absorbance peaks in FTIR analysis. Results of TGA show that all prepared composite exhibits the glass transition temperature between 250 and 275 °C. Pineapple/epoxy/seashell presents higher amount of residue as compared to pineapple/epoxy/coconut and pineapple/epoxy/eggshell composites. FTIR results revealed the presence of hydroxyl group and creation of hydrogen bonding by absorbance peaks between 3500 and 3900 cm−1 wavenumber. Absorbance peaks between 500 and 1500 cm−1 wavenumber proves the amount of cellulose, lignin and pectin in prepared composite specimens.

In the presented work, three fibers (pineapple, sisal, and kenaf) were reinforced with epoxy polymer matrix and hybrid composite of pineapple, sisal, and kenaf fiber reinforced with epoxy also fabricated. All the developed composite specimens characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) and chemical compositions of prepared specimens were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Experimental findings of thermal analysis achieved that addition of natural fibers with epoxy polymer provides the thermal stability of developed composite. Hybrid pineapple/sisal/kenaf/epoxy composite attained maximum temperature for initiation of thermal degradation and highest glass transition temperature as compared to other fiber-based composites. In FTIR analysis, absorbance peak between wavenumbers 599.15 and 3997.2 cm−1 represent the occurrence of hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Absorbance peaks between wavenumber of 3000 and 3997 cm−1 denote the occurrence of hydroxyl group and creation of hydrogen bonding in all prepared composite specimens.

Environmental awareness against synthetic plastics focused on the bio resources (natural fibers, fillers, and bio-resins) for the development of biodegradable composite materials. In the present study, bio nano fillers (seashell, eggshell, and coconut) and bio-fibers (pineapple, sisal, and kenaf) were reinforced with epoxy polymer matrix to develop the bio composite materials. Tribological testing was performed with input parameters (applied load, sliding speed, and sliding distance) and out parameters were recorded in terms of frictional force, coefficient of friction (COF), and specific wear rate (SWR). Fatigue and creep analysis of all prepared composites were performed to analyze the strength of developed composite specimens during fluctuating and static load conditions. Experimental finding of fatigue test reveals that KES composite achieved maximum number of fatigue cycles of 4460, 3250, and 2210 at 25, 50, and 75

The present study emphasizes the mechanical characteristics and water uptake behavior of seashell, eggshell, and coconut fillers added with sisal, kenaf, and pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. The present study compares the difference in mechanical performance between filler-based composites with only fiber-based composites. The weight proportion of fillers and fiber reinforcement collectively were 30

Large amount of plastic wastage is a very big challenge in the field of material science. To overcome from synthetic material pollution is to use of natural resources and replaces the synthetic products. In this series, natural products as natural fibres and biopolymers are gaining popularity among researchers to make the composites materials. These natural materials are now using in large applications and having impressive applications and good properties such as non-toxicity, eco-friendliness, good specific loading applications, and bearing applications. This article provides a thorough examination of various aspects of development, analysis of different parametric characteristics and uses of polymer materials. Paper includes recent literature, like its fabrication parameters, mechanical characterization, future challenges, and applications.

Friction stir welding (FSW) is the process of joining a relatively new solid-state. This joining method energy-efficient, environmentally-friendly and versatile. In particular, it is difficult to weld by conventional fusion welding, which can be used to join the high-strength aerospace Al alloy and other metal alloys. This paper uses frictional heat and a non-consumable rotating welding equipment to produce plastic deformation went invented by The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991 Stir friction welding (FSW) which focuses welding position; In addition, the material to affect the formation of a joint in a solid state. Understanding of FSW and Friction stir processing (FSP) and the current state of development is addressed. Particular emphasis has been: (a) Mechanisms responsible for the formation of the weld and micro-structural refinement, and (b) the resulting microstructure and FSW / FSP effect of parameters on the final mechanical properties. At this stage, technology diffusion has largely overcome the basic understanding of the micro-structural development and microstructure-property relationships. FSW certain industrial applications FSWa leap in manufacturing technology, aerospace, shipbuilding and auto industries are also presented.

Welding process may be similar or dissimilar metals. Welding of dissimilar metals are different contain a variety of metals with different chemical composition. This research paper went gave a brief review of the work carried out on the hardness of the weld area and the welded joints. The laser light energy can be focused in creating that content can be converted into heat energy. By employing a light beam in the electromagnetic spectrum, the visible or near-infrared part, we have the energy to be processed using fixed or fiber optic beam delivery optics can transmit content from your source. Need a customized technology in today's world which is rapidly growing day included easily in two propagation materials. These research two disparate materials in letters that had AISI 304 and was taken to the laser welding joint configurations adopt AISI 202. Three process parameters, the scan speed; four levels of optimization was pulse frequency and pulse diameter. Gray Taguchi method using the specified parameters with the L16 Orthogonal Array was to customize. It has been found that raises laser welding optimum quality characteristics with a pulse frequency of 45 mm / scanning speed of minutes, 0.3 mm Pulse diameter and 7 Hz. These levels length of weld hardness zone 304.77 HV and Heat Affected Zone in went were 0.0852 mm.