The rapid advancement of controlled-environment agriculture offers new and exciting opportunities for luminescent materials used in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs), which can facilitate plant photosynthesis, flowering, and photomorphogenesis. Here, we develop a novel far-red phosphor, La-2(Li, Mg)(Nb, Al)O-6: Mn4+ (LLNAMO: Mn4+), via crystal-field engineering through co-substituting Li+ with Mg2+ and Nb5+ with Al3+ in La2LiNbO6 (LLNO). The crystal structure and phase, particle morphology and size, and the luminescence properties of LLNAMO: Mn4+ have been investigated. This strategy effectively tunes the local coordination environment of Mn4+ ions. Under 330 nm excitation, LLNAMO: Mn4+ shows intense far-red emission with an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of similar to 74.5% and demonstrates excellent thermal stability, retaining 66% of its room-temperature intensity at 423 K. When fabricated into a pc-LED, its electroluminescence (EL) spectrum closely matches the P-fr absorption profile, demonstrating high suitability for horticultural lighting. These results highlight the promise of LLNAMO: Mn4+ for applications in horticultural pc-LEDs. Beyond lighting, the phosphor also enables optical thermometry with a relative sensitivity of 3.273% K-1 at 498 K, and the resulting LED provides clear near-infrared imaging in darkness, underscoring its multifunctional capability.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer significant potential for tunable luminescence due to their structural versatility. This study investigated the MOFs (Bio-MOF-1-Me) with an anionic structure, which exhibited extremely strong intrinsic ultraviolet fluorescence. To achieve color tunability, Bio-MOF-1-Me undergoes ion exchange with cationic dyes 4-[p-(dimethylamino)styryl]-1- ethyl-pyridinium iodide (DASEPI) and acriflavine (AF). Structural characterization (PXRD, IR) confirms framework integrity post-exchange and reveals dye incorporation via electrostatic interactions and π-stacking, ensuring uniform dispersion within the pores. By precisely controlling dye type and loading, the host-guest composites exhibit tunable emission colors (red, green, yellow) under 455 nm blue light excitation. This work demonstrates how host-guest structural synergy within MOFs enables controlled multicolor luminescence.

Rare-earth (RE) elements, owing to their unique electronic configurations and exceptional optical characteristics, have found increasingly broad applications in functional nanomaterials. However, the overall performance and aqueous stability of single-component RE-based materials remain insufficient for fulfilling the demands of multifunctional applications. Carbon dots (CDs), as an emerging class of fluorescent nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention due to their excellent water dispersibility, low toxicity, and robust photostability. Incorporating RE into CDs systems not only enriches their optical functionalities but also opens new avenues for the construction of multifunctional nanoplatforms. Despite these promising prospects, a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the synthetic strategies, integration mechanisms, and tunable properties of RE-doped CDs is still lacking. To address this gap, this review summarizes the recent advancements in RE-CDs hybrid systems, focusing on fabrication approaches, coordination modes, optical property modulation, and practical applications. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of RE-CDs are discussed. We hope that this review will provide theoretical references and development ideas of RE functional materials and CDs optical modulation research.

This paper takes advantage of the unique properties of ratiometric fluorescence detection based on lanthanide elements, including strong anti-interference capability and self-calibration function. Using europium nitrate hexahydrate and the organic ligand H4FTPTC as raw materials, a dual-emission lanthanide metal-organic framework (MOF) material named EuFTPTC with a three-dimensional framework structure was synthesized. Relying on the dual signal changes -the attenuation of the characteristic fluorescence peak of Eu3+ at 613 nm and the enhancement of the ligand fluorescence peak at 350 nm - this material enables the accurate ratiometric detection of five typical Biogenic amines (BAs) (tryptamine, putrescine, spermine, cadaverine, spermidine) in aquatic products such as tryptamine. To adapt to the actual detection scenarios of aquatic products, EuFTPTC was further compounded with ethyl cyanoacrylate to construct a detection system, which realizes the dynamic visual monitoring of shrimp freshness at room temperature.

Unsatisfied visible light response and low carrier separation efficiency hinder the advanced application of gC3N4. In this study, the novel Co and P co-doped g-C3N4 (Co/P/g-C3N4) photocatalysts are facilely constructed in one pot by introducing vitamin B12 into the polymerization process of the urea, which obviously boosts the photocatalytic activity compared to g-C3N4. A series of characterizations confirm that the Co and P co-doping in g-C3N4 not only increases the specific surface area, enhances absorption of visible light, but also facilitates the separation of charge carriers. As a result, the developed Co/P/g-C3N4-2 achieves the highest photocatalytic performance with hydrogen evolution rate of 3500.4 mu mol g- 1 h- 1 (nearly 6.8 times that of g-C3N4), and excellent recycle stability. This study may open a new perspective for constructing dual-elements co-doped gC3N4 materials with high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.

Platinum-based catalysts with high activity and durability are vital for advancing direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, we report a non-metal boron-doped PtCo alloy designed to enhance both performance and stability in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The PtCo alloy, synthesized via a wet-chemical route, exhibits Co-induced lattice contraction that enhance interfacial electron transfer within the alloy, weakens CO-like intermediate adsorption, and alleviates poisoning. Subsequent liquid-phase boron incorporation yields 3D PtCoB nanospherical catalysts, where B doping suppresses Ostwald ripening, inhibits surface diffusion and atomic migration, and reinforces metal–non-metal bonding to ensure structural robustness. As a result, PtCoB delivers a mass activity of 1691.43 mA·mg⁻¹Pt—4.16 times that of commercial Pt/C—and an ECSA of 84.07 m²·g⁻¹Pt, retaining 87.19% after 500 durability cycles. CO anti-poisoning tests also reveal a more negative onset potential, weakened CO adsorption, and enhanced interfacial electron transfer within the alloy. This work highlights non-metal doping as an effective strategy for engineering high-performance, durable Pt-based electrocatalysts.

NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been emerged as promising electrocatalysts for water splitting due to their tunable composition and layered architecture. However, their catalytic performance was limited by poor electrical conductivity and insufficient active site exposure. Herein, we reported a lanthanum-doped NiFe LDH nanosheet array (La-NiFe LDH) grown in situ on nickel foam by a simple hydrothermal method. Systematic characterization revealed that the incorporation of La induced lattice distortion and electronic structure modulation, leading to optimized metal-oxygen bonding and enhanced charge transfer kinetics. The optimized La0.4-NiFe LDH catalyst demonstrated remarkable bifunctional electrocatalytic activity, requiring low overpotentials of 70 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction at 10 mA cm-2 and 269 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction at 100 mA cm-2. Moreover, it demonstrated exceptional durability over 90 h of continuous operation. Besides, the two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer based on La0.4-NiFe LDH required only 1.49 and 1.58 V to achieve 10 and 100 mA cm-2 for overall water splitting, demonstrating superior performance compared to the commercial RuO2 || Pt/C. This work highlights the potential of rare-earth doping as an effective strategy to engineer high-performance LDH-based electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.

The single-atom nickel‑nitrogen-doped carbon (Ni-N-C) structure shows promise as a Pt-based catalyst support for the anode of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), owing to its excellent electronic regulation capability and structural stability. However, the single nickel‑nitrogen (Ni-NX) coordination environment exhibits limited capacity to modulate the electronic properties of Pt. To further enhance electronic structure modulation, we propose an innovative in situ strategy that simultaneously forms Ni-NX coordination sites and ultrasmall NiO nanoclusters under a limited oxygen atmosphere, yielding an integrated NiO@Ni-N-C composite support. Subsequently, a 10 % Pt/NiO@Ni-N-C catalyst with a low Pt loading was prepared by microwave-assisted glycol reduction. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the in-situ introduction of NiO nanoclusters significantly enhanced both the catalytic activity and stability toward methanol oxidation. The mass activity (MA) of the catalyst was 1.7 times that of the unmodified catalyst. The in-situ incorporation of NiO enhances the catalyst's electrocatalytic performance, and it offers a new paradigm for oxide-guided hierarchical electronic modulation strategies in Pt-based systems.

Combining the potential advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the distinctive luminescent behavior of lanthanide metal ions, a fluorescence probe (Eu-MOF, Eu-BDC-NH2) with dual fluorescence emissions of ligand (lambda = 431 nm) and Eu3+ (lambda = 617 nm) is synthesized using a straightforward room-temperature crystal growth process. The obtained Eu-BDC-NH2 crystal possesses an abundance of uncoordinated amino groups, which serve as effective active sites for the selective recognition of formaldehyde (FA). Owing to the presence of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between the amino group and the adjacent ligand, the fluorescence of the ligand in the Eu-BDC-NH2 is turned off. Upon the introduction of FA, the amino group interacts with FA, which inhibits the PET process and simultaneously diminishes the "antenna effect" of sensitizing Eu3+. Consequently, the ligand fluorescence is turned on, and the Eu3+ fluorescence is weakened, enabling the highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence detection of FA. Compared with the single emission fluorescence spectrum, Eu-BDC-NH2 can achieve internal self-calibration by measuring the ratio of fluorescence intensity of the two wavelengths in the system to overcome signal fluctuations and provide more accurate and reliable information. Furthermore, by integrating smartphones, an intelligent sensing system has been developed to enhance the visualization of FA detection, where the fluorescence color visible to the naked eye shifts from red to blue. Specifically, this work utilizes a straightforward dripping method performed at room temperature, which not only simplifies the experimental synthesis process but also adheres to the principles of green chemistry, thereby offering a novel perspective and methodology for the development of MOF-based fluorescence probes.

Vitamin B6 (VB6) is a water-soluble vitamin, which plays an important role in amino acid metabolism and cell maintenance as a coenzyme of amino conversion. Developing a highly sensitive and selective sensor for VB6 is still a huge challenge. Herein, a luminescent Zn-MOFs (ZnL) with the ligand 4,4'-(1H,1 ' H-[2,2 '-biimidazole]-1,1 '- diylbis(methylene)) dibenzoic acid (H2L) was designed for analyzing VB6. The presence of uncoordinated N atoms in ZnL can provide action sites for VB6 molecule, therefore, ZnL can be applied to specific detection of VB6 molecule. ZnL exhibits a strong emission spectrum at 390 nm when excited at 300 nm, which realizes the fluorescence quenching detection of VB6 in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the detection of VB6 with high sensitivity and selectivity can be obtained even in the presence of common biomolecules. The linear range for VB6 detection was observed in the concentration range from 5 to 100 mu M with a low limit of detection of 0.76 mu M. Hence, ZnL has promising application potential for determination of VB6 in practical applications.

Lanthanide ions-doped fluoride nanocrystals have excellent application prospect. However, low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is usually along with lanthanide ions-doped fluoride nanocrystals owing to their low molar absorptivity and narrow absorption band. In order to increase the absorption cross section of Ln3+ in fluoride nanocrystals, a facile synthesis strategy to enhance luminescence of AF2: Ln3+ (A = Ca, Sr; Ln = Eu, Tb) by the use of carbon dots (CDs) has been developed in this work. A series of characterizations including TEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS demonstrated that the CDs have been successfully combined with the surface of AF2: Ln3+ nanocrystals. The combination of CDs has little influence on the microstructure and phase structure of AF2: Ln3+, and CDs@AF2: Ln3+ nanocrystals have uniform and regular shape with cubic phase. CDs are used as a broadband sensitizer and lead to the broadband excitation of Ln3+, resulting in the enhancement around 10-fold of Ln3+ luminescence emission in AF2: Ln3+ nanocrystals after CDs combination. The corresponding PLQY increases almost three times, and the luminescence enhancement mechanism by combining CDs is proposed. In addition, the CDs@AF2: Ln3+ nanocrystals are used to prepare CDs@AF2: Ln3+/PVA films, which exhibits excellent luminescence properties under the excitation of UV light. This work provides a superior method for enhancing the luminescence properties of lanthanide ions-doped nanocomposites and demonstrates practical potential as promising candidates for light-converting thin films.

The sensing of organic solvents and the determination of their water content are necessary conditions for ensuring environmental safety and organic solvent use. Herein, we selected a water-stable Cd-MOF, possessing 2D layers and amine groups, and optimized the synthesis conditions. The intensity of emission peaks gradually weakens with the increase in excitation wavelength in the range of 290-350 nm. The luminescent emission peaks exhibits a significant red shift with an increase in excitation wavelength at 355-400 nm. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) can significantly enhance the luminescent intensity of Cd-MOF compared to the others. Even in the presence of 5% volume fraction of other solvents, THF still shows a strong enhancement effect. These results confirm that this Cd-MOF can quickly and selectively detect THF through luminescent "turn on". Furthermore, the emission intensity of the Cd-MOF in THF gradually recedes with the increase in water, indicating its potential for the determination of water content of THF. The corresponding limit of detection is 0.14%, lower than that of some reported compounds. The interaction of THF and the amine groups of the ligand may lead to this specific enhancement of luminescence. In addition, the mixed matrix membrane with the functionality of MOF materials and the processability of polymers was synthesized, which can detect Fe3+, CrO42-, and Cr2O72- in water. A multifunctional Cd-MOF as an excellent probe exhibits highly selective luminescent "turn on" detection of tetrahydrofuran and quantitative analysis of water.

As a heavy metal ion, excessive aluminum ions pose a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment. Developing a simple, efficient, and fast detection method to detect the content of aluminum ions is of great significance, especially for ensuring human health and ecological safety. Herein, the mixed rare earth metal-organic framework (Ce0.74Eu0.26TPTC and Ce0.62Eu0.38TPTC) were prepared based on simple ligand 1,1':4',1″-Terphenyl-2',4,4″,5'-tetracarboxylic acid (H4TPTC). The Ce0.74Eu0.26TPTC and Ce0.62Eu0.38TPTC have dual luminescence centers, which can be used as ratio fluorescent probes to detect Al3+ ions, making the detection results more accurate and reliable. Therefore, this work can promote the further development of rare earth-based MOFs in the detection of heavy metal ions.

The paper presents a green and easily prepared water-soluble fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) synthesized by one-step hydrothermal process. The N-CDs displays brilliant blue fluorescence excited by UV light, with excellent water solubility, and a quantum yield of 15.7%. The fluorescence intensity of N-CDs remains unchanged after 48 h of exposure to ultraviolet light, exhibiting good photostability. Moreover, the ion sensing characteristics of these N-CDs have been explored for more than a dozen anions and cations. The result reflects that this fluorescent CDs exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity for Fe3+ within a range spanning of 40 ∼ 500 μΜ with a limit of detection down to 0.22 μΜ. The principle of sensor sensing is likely related to the formation of the internal filtering effect (IFE), which leads to a decline in the fluorescence intensity of N-CDs in aqueous solutions containing Fe3+. Due to the excellent water solubility, good photostability and high yield of N-CDs, the application of prepared N-CDs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as fluorescent materials for white LED devices was explored. The prepared N-CDs/PVA (NCP) composite film can also exhibit bright blue light under 365 nm excitation, indicating good application prospects in the area of white LED devices and agricultural films.

Aqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs) with intrinsic safety, high energy density and low cost have been regarded as promising electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the parasitic reaction on metallic Zn anode and the incompatibility between electrode and electrolytes lead to the deterioration of electrochemical performance of AZMBs during the cycling. The critical point to achieve the stable cycling of AZMBs is to properly regulate the zinc ion solvated structure and transfer behavior between metallic Zn anode and electrolyte. In recent years, numerous achievements have been made to resolve the formation of Zn dendrite and interface incompatible issues faced by AZMBs via optimizing the sheath structure and transport capability of zinc ions at electrode-electrolyte interface. In this review, the challenges for metallic Zn anode and electrode-electrolyte interface in AZMBs including dendrite formation and interface characteristics are presented. Following the influences of different strategies involving designing advanced electrode structure, artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Zn anode and electrolyte engineering to regulate zinc ion solvated sheath structure and transport behavior are summarized and discussed. Finally, the perspectives for the future development of design strategies for dendrite-free Zn metal anode and long lifespan AZMBs are also given.

Exploring effective strategies for developing new high-efficiency catalysts for water splitting is essential for advancing hydrogen energy technology. Herein, Co3O4/RuO2 heterojunction interface is construct through ion exchange reaction and pyrolysis. The as-synthesized Co3O4/RuO2-4 exhibits outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity at the current density of 100 mA cm-2 with a low overpotential of 276 mV, and remarkable stability (maintaining activity for 60 h at 100 mA cm-2). Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the electrons around the heterogeneous interface transferred from RuO2 to Co3O4, resulting in electron redistribution and optimization of energy barriers for OER intermediates. This unique composite catalyst structure offers a new potential for designing efficient oxygen electrocatalysts at large current density.

Trimetal MOFs have been synthesized based on C 8 H 7 NO 4 by changing the ratio of Fe/Co/Ni and used directly in electrocatalytic OER. Among them, NiCoFe-MOF-2 exhibits excellent OER catalytic performance due to its unique layered structure.

A Tb-MOF based on an ESPT response linker was constructed, which can be used as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for ammonia.

A mixed lanthanide metal-organic frameworks Ce1-xTbxFTPTC (x=0.042, 0.022) were synthesized by the simple solvothermal method and its temperature sensing was studied emphatically. The 2′-fluoro-[1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl]-3,3′′,5,5′′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4FTPTC) can efficiently sensitize Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions effectively, and it transfers the energy to Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions through resonance coupling. Accordingly, so Ce1-xTbxFTPTC (x=0.042, 0.022) can exhibit strong characteristic fluorescence of Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions. The Ce1-xTbxFTPTC (x=0.042, 0.022), as a proportional type luminescent thermometer shows excellent performance in the temperature range (313K-473K).

Red-emitting phosphors play an important role in the warm white light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the development of red phosphors with high luminous efficiency and high thermal stability still faces severe challenges. A series of novel red emitting Eu3+ doped La2LiSbO6 phosphors have been synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction route. The effects of sintering temperatures as well as co-doped Gd3+ ions were discussed. X - ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission (PL) spectra, temperaturedependent photoluminescence spectra, and CIE chromaticity coordinates were used to analyze these phosphors. The optimum sintering temperature for La2LiSbO6: Eu3+ phosphors was 1200 degrees C. The emission intensity reached the maximum when Eu3+ ion concentration was 18 mol%, and the dipole-dipole interaction may be responsible for the concentration quenching mechanism of Eu3+ in the La2LiSbO6:Eu3+ phosphors. Furthermore, the emission intensity could be increased by Gd3+ ions doping and the sample reached the best emission intensity when both dopant contents of Gd3+ and Eu3+ ion concentration were 10 mol%. However, due to the destabilization of the double perovskite structure caused by the doping of Gd3+ ions, the emission intensity of (La0.80Gd0.10Eu0.10)2LiSbO6 (LGLSO: Eu3+) sample was weaker than that of (La0.82Eu0.18)2LiSbO6 (LLSO: Eu3+). Impressively, LGLSO: Eu3+ phosphor exhibited good thermal stability and the luminous intensity at 423 K maintained 84% compared with its initial value at room temperature, which was higher than that of LLSO: Eu3+ (68%). The thermal quenching phenomenon and the enhancement mechanism of thermal stability were analyzed by the configuration coordinate diagram of Eu3+ ion. In addition, both chromaticity coordinates of samples located in red region, demonstrating their potential applications in white LEDs.