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In this essay, I suggest a different way of thinking about adaptation, which I call forensic adaptation. I use the term forensic in three ways. First, I mean forensic with its connotations to detective work as a means of exposing source texts in unmarked adaptations. Second, I draw on forensics in the sense of rhetorical debate to situate the act of adaptation within the framework of rhetorical narrative theory. Instead of an adaptation being an interpretation or reading of its source material, I look at it as a moment when a new speaker takes up elements introduced by a previous speaker and transforms them in various ways to fulfill a new rhetorical intent. Finally, I reference forensics specifically as it relates to debates in the public forum. Using this three-pronged approach, I take up the example of The X-Files: I Want to Believe (Chris Carter, 2008) in order to show how the film is actually an adaptation of a 1960 Roald Dahl short story "William and Mary." Whereas Dahl's story is a cynical meditation on marriage and revenge, I Want to Believe depicts powerful affirmations of faith, loyalty, and commitment, some of which are targeted directly at long-time fans of The X-Files television series. However, the film is quite cynical in the way that it presents arguments about several public sphere issues, including same-sex marriage, pedophile priests, and stem cell research.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the roadmapping methodology and its application to concrete prefabricated housing in Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the concrete and housing industries of Australia collaboration in a project to develop a technology and innovation roadmap that will advance the concrete industry's supply chain capabilities by identifying and mapping innovation necessary for prefabricated concrete house construction. The roadmap lays out what is necessary for an off‐site systems‐based approach to housing construction in Australia. The systems‐based approach to prefabricated concrete products is a relatively new and developing extension of the concrete industry supply chain in Australia. New manufacturing technologies and innovations, which are emerging locally and from overseas, make these potential extensions possible. For the long‐term sustainability of the concrete industry, it is critical that it better understands how to adopt cooperative innovations in prefabrication to realise these benefits in the housing industry and advance Australia's competitiveness. The first phase of the mapping involved the development of an industry‐maturity model that determined the current state of the industry, and plotted this against the desired route for the future. Numerous industry‐based workshops and interviews gathered the views of the industry towards existing concrete housing systems, and where their main difficulties are in relation to adoption. Using these data, a technology roadmap is developed, together with three options on how these might be realised using the roadmap. The options offered through the roadmapping process form the basis for ongoing experimental trials of concrete houses in the major cities of Australia.FindingsThe system‐based approach to prefabrication is seen as innovative and the industry needs to understand how to adopt cooperative innovations in prefabrication in order to be competitive.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into the technology roadmapping process in Australia, offering an exciting prospect for moving the industry into a new model of delivery.
Genome sequencing of large numbers of individuals promises to advance the understanding, treatment, and prevention of human diseases, among other applications. We describe a genome sequencing platform that achieves efficient imaging and low reagent consumption with combinatorial probe anchor ligation chemistry to independently assay each base from patterned nanoarrays of self-assembling DNA nanoballs. We sequenced three human genomes with this platform, generating an average of 45- to 87-fold coverage per genome and identifying 3.2 to 4.5 million sequence variants per genome. Validation of one genome data set demonstrates a sequence accuracy of about 1 false variant per 100 kilobases. The high accuracy, affordable cost of $4400 for sequencing consumables, and scalability of this platform enable complete human genome sequencing for the detection of rare variants in large-scale genetic studies.