Vart arbete baserar sig huvudsakligen pa en fallstudie av prestationsmatning i sex fallorganisationer; tre fackforbund och tre insamlingsorganisationer. I dessa organisationer utforde vi semistandardiserade intervjuer med ekonomichef eller motsvarande. Valen grundade sig i var onskan att fa en storre forstaelse for prestationsmatning i ideella organisationer och att utifran fallen kunna beskriva och analysera aspekter inom omradet. Var teoriram ar uppdelad i tva delar; en forklarande och introducerande del samt en praktiskt inriktad del dar processen och strukturen i prestationsmatningen tas upp. Empirin presenteras i sex avsnitt, ett for varje fallorganisation, med insamlingsorganisationerna forst och fackforbunden darefter. Varje fall kan lasas separat och avslutas med en mindre analys. Slutligen presenteras en sammanfattande matris for att underlatta overgangen till kapitel 5. I vart resultatkapitel presenterar vi de monster som framtrader tydligast i var studie. For det forsta tar vi upp att visionen i de ideella organisationerna tenderar att vara ogenomtankt eller ofokuserad, vilket kan innebara problem i den vidare framtagningen av prestationsmatt. Darefter belyser vi att ideella organisationer brister i kopplingar mellan de prestationsmatt som anvands, strategi och vision. I forlangningen innebar det att prestationsmatten som anvands i de ideella organisationerna saknar de langsiktiga inslagen av strategi och vision som innebar att maluppfyllelse kan matas. Slutligen har vi kommit fram till att de olika undersokta grupperna har olika grad av icke-finansiell fokus i sin prestationsmatning. Den grupp som har en klart icke-finansiell fokus efterfragar vidare kompletterande finansiella matt och vice versa.

The study was designed to determine whether dopaminergic neurotransmission in the retina can operate via volume transmission. In double immunolabelling experiments, a mismatch as well as a match was demonstrated in the rat retina between tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine (DA) immunoreactive (ir) terminals and cell bodies and dopamine D2 receptor-like ir cell bodies and processes. The match regions were located in the inner nuclear and plexiform layers (D2 ir cell bodies plus processes). The mismatch regions were located in the ganglion cell layer, the outer plexiform layer, and the outer segment of the photoreceptor layer, where very few TH ir terminals can be found in relation to the D2 like ir processes. In similar experiments analyzing D1 receptor like ir processes versus TH ir nerve terminals, mainly a mismatch in their distribution could be demonstrated, with the D1 like ir processes present in the outer plexiform layer and the outer segment where a mismatch in D2 like receptors also exists. The demonstration of a mismatch between the localization of the TH terminal plexus and the dopamine D2 and D1 receptor subtypes in the outer plexiform layer, the outer segment and the ganglion cell layer (only D2 immunoreactivity (IR)) suggests that dopamine, mainly from the inner plexiform layer, may reach the D2 and D1 mismatch receptors via diffusion in the extracellular space. After injecting dopamine into the corpus vitreum, dopamine diffuses through the retina, and strong catecholamine (CA) fluorescence appears in the entire inner plexiform layer and the entire outer plexiform layer, representing the match and mismatch DA receptor areas, respectively. The DA is probably bound to D1 and D2 receptors in both plexiform layers, since the DA receptor antagonist chlorpromazine fully blocks the appearance of the DA fluorescence, while only a partial blockade is found after haloperidol treatment which mainly blocks D2 receptors. These results indicate that the amacrine and/or interplexiform DA cells, with sparse branches in the outer plexiform layer, can operate via volume transmission in the rat retina to influence the outer plexiform layer and the outer segment, as well as other layers of the rat retina such as the ganglion cell layer.

A new computer-assisted image analysis procedure was developed for the analysis of striatal compartments of the rats visualized in this case by means of c-fos immunocytochemistry after morphine and/or d-amphetamine treatments. In particular it has been shown that d-amphetamine can induce an activation of the c-fos early gene in various subregions of the neostriatum and that morphine treatment can antagonize this activation. A different pattern of morphine antagonistic action could be detected at the rostral versus the caudal striatal level. In fact, at the rostral level the morphine antagonistic action was very marked only in the dorsomedial striatum, while at the caudal level the morphine antagonistic action was marked in all subregions. The developed computer-assisted procedure can detect differences in the pattern of distribution of profiles present in a certain neuroanatomical area. Therefore, this procedure may represent a powerful tool to study integrative functional compartments in the neostriatum. In the present study high level integrative compartments appear to be created by D1/mu-opiate receptor interactions especially within the classical patch system.