Fire blight is responsible for significant losses and affects production quality in all growing countries worldwide, including Romania. Despite the availability of various prevention and control strategies, their practical effectiveness has been notably limited, and no viable technologies have yet emerged. This research aims to investigate the impact of climatic conditions, genetic material and cultivation methods on the intensity of Erwinia amylovora attack on quince by using field determination techniques and satellite sensor systems. Over three years in a quince orchard naturally infected with E. amylovora, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDRE) indices were tested along with analyses of attack intensity (I), degree of attack (DA) and frequency (F). The results obtained showed that the genetic sensitivity and/or tolerance of the varieties is essential, together with the specific local climatic conditions. The two analyzed varieties (‘Bereczky’ and ‘Aurii’) cultivated under organic technology, showed different levels of tolerance to fire blight. While a significant correlation exists between the two vegetation indices, NDRE demonstrates higher accuracy due to its ability to conduct spectral analyses within the plant canopy. Furthermore, NDRE values closely align with those observed through assessments of attack intensity and frequency in the orchard.

Research on photosynthetic activity in plants exposed to chemical stress is gaining importance in plant physiology. Studying how plants respond to anaesthetics has practical implications for comparative biology, plant neurobiology, and experimental medicine. This study assessed changes in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency using fluorescence measurements taken before and during exposure to diethyl ether. The methodology was used to identify any physiological effects of diethyl ether on photosynthetic processes, based on the hypothesis that anaesthetics could influence both plant and animal signal transmission mechanisms. In sensitive plants such as Dionaea muscipula, mechanical stimuli trigger action potentials that travel through the plant and cause the trap to close. Exposure to diethyl ether inhibits the transmission of these electrical signals, preventing the plant from responding to touch. This process results in a temporary suppression of the plant’s signalling pathways. The present study aimed to examine the impact of diethyl ether on the photosynthetic activity of Dionaea muscipula, a plant species distinguished by its sensitivity and complex responses to external stimuli. Throughout the experiment, physiological and behavioural changes resulting from exposure to this volatile compound were evaluated to elucidate how plants respond to acute chemical stress. The findings clearly demonstrate that diethyl ether functions as a specific inhibitory agent, producing discernible and measurable effects on both the photosynthetic apparatus and plant communication systems in Dionaea muscipula. Because Dionaea muscipula exhibits a rapid response comparable to systems found certain animal species, it is relevant to examine the effects of a volatile anaesthetic like diethyl ether on these processes.

The photosynthesis and chlorophyll content are fundamental to understanding ecological processes in forest ecosystems, providing valuable clues to the health and functioning of these complex systems. The study of photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll content in five different tree species (Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus excelsior, Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer campestre and Acer pseudoplatanus) conducted in two different locations, namely in the Iron Gates Natural Park in Moldova Nou & abreve; (PNPF) and in Timisoara, brings to the fore a detailed analysis of the adaptations and responses of vegetation to environmental variability. Across the whole study, Acer pseudoplatanus revealed a significantly higher value of chlorophyll content, followed by Robinia pseudoacacia and Carpinus betulus with similar values andAcer campestre and Fraxinus excelsior with the lowest values, respectively. Acer campestre had a significantly higher photosynthesis rate than the other species, while Acer pseudoplatanus had the lowest values in both locations.

Natural and anthropogenic salinization through intense and progressive periods of drought, as well as due to the use of fertilizers or the soil parental material, leads to degradation of soil quality. In this context, wheat, one of the most important crops, is threatened. Specific objectives include measuring chlorophyll content and morphological parameters such as grain number, fresh and dry biomass for stems and spikes. The experiment was set up in field conditions, in mesocosms, under six saline doses of 15-30-45-60-75 mM NaCl and a control without salt, in five replicates. The results highlighted different effects depending on the tested variety and the applied salinity doses. The most concentrated dose of 75 mM NaCl drastically reduced the values of almost all morpho-physiological parameters in all varieties. Transilvania, Arie.an, Faur, Ciprian, Padureni, and Bezostaia had higher morpho-physiological parameter values. Otilia is the wheat variety most sensitive to salinity stress. Different tolerance patterns and trends were observed based on the interaction between the variety and salinity dose.

This study identified genetic diversity in pear cultivars using ISSR techniques. In breeding programs, molecular markers play an important role. Molecular markers are the most efficient tools for the study of taxonomy, genetic variability, phylogenetic analysis, gene tags, gene localization and development of new cultivars. ISSR techniques were used in the identification of the genetic diversity of 10 pear cultivars. Five out of the used primers in this study amplified clear and reproductible bands. The ISSR primers produced 51 bands, and 45 of them were polymorphic, with an average of 10.2 amplicons/primer. The size of the fragments varied from 200 to 1250 bp. The polymorphic bands, registered per primer ranged from 6 (844) to 11 (primer UBC 830). The percentage polymorphism was between 83.33 for UBC808 and 100% for primer 844. Degree of DNA polymorphism was estimated at 89.54% (ISSR). PIC registered values between 0.34 to 844 and 0.75 for UBC814. The primer 844 presented values of discrimination index (PI) 2.06. The obtained results will be useful to serve plant breeding programs.

The research was carried out on a family farm in Periam, Timis County, and studied the Redhaven peach variety. The soil where the orchard was placed is a chernozem, moist phreatic, moderate hyposodic between 50-100 cm, weak carbonate, deep on medium loessoid materials, medium loam / medium loam. The value of the apparent density (AD) is extremely low in the Atk surface horizon with a value of 1.10 g / cm(3), very low in the range of 18-75 cm, and low in the Amk2 horizon with a value of 1.35 g / cm(3). For this experiment, the randomized block method was used, and 8 experimental variants were chosen, which were placed on 4 rows of trees, resulting in 4 repetitions with 32 experimental plots. The surface of an experimental plot was 12.20 m(2). From the obtained data, can be observed that the effectiveness of the weed control measures materialized through the productions obtained in the two experimental years. Following the application of weed control measures, the production obtained in 2019 had values between 12.78 t / ha and 20.65 t / ha, and in 2020 the production was between 11.50 t / ha and 18, 65 t / ha.

Today, in most countries, which have reached a very high level of industrialization, technicalization and urbanization, the conservation and creation of green areas is an important means of protecting man and his living environment. Green spaces are good for human health, not only by creating a favorable microclimate and a calmer environment, with cleaner and better oxygenated air, but also by influencing the neuropsychic state. Lawn is an essential and irreplaceable element for leisure and sports and is more than just grass. It is an indispensable landscape element with multiple values, through its silky texture, attractive appearance, green color, color that represents nature and life, freshness, rebirth, hope and vigor. The aim of the research was to study the influence of differentiated hydration on physiological processes in two lawn mixtures. For this purpose we used two types of lawn, the first, Turfline, composed of a mixture of 3 types of lawn seeds (65% Festuca arundinacea Starlett; 15% Lolium perenne Double; 20% Poa pratensis Geisha) and the second RPR Regenerating, namely Lolium perenne with regeneration by stolons, both irrigated daily and every three days. For the study of differentiated hydration on the two lawn mixtures, we determined the content of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves (SPAD units) and the rate of photosynthesis (%). The results of the research show that irrigation did not significantly influence the chlorophyll content of the two types of lawn. Regarding the photosynthetic capacity of the turf mixtures under study, it is observed that this has higher values in the case of RPR Regenerating, irrigated every 3 days, which indicates that this type of lawn is more resistant to drought than Turfline.

Research was conducted during two growing seasons (2017-2018) in Miniş-Măderat vineyard. The study aimed to evaluate the variability of several red wine grape varieties in order to highlight their main qualitative and quantitative parameters. In the research were involved the morphological parameters: the number of bunches on the vine, the bunch weight, the number of berries in the bunch and the grape yield on the vine. The highest bunches number /vine registered Merlot variety (30.24), while Burgund variety recorded the lowest values (17.76). Burgund variety recorded the highest bunch average weight (119.57 g) while Pinot Noir recorded the lowest value (87.18 g).Merlot variety recorded the highest number of berries/bunch,(111.36) and the lower value was recorded by the Pinot Noir ( 82.36).The Merlot variety achieved a significantly higher production than the other varieties during both growing seasons (3600.87g). The conditions of 2018 growing season had a very significant positive influence on the grape yield/ vine.

The purpose of the study was to determine biometric and physiological indices during storage processes in four plum varieties, two of them originated from Romania ('Record' and 'Vinete Romane.ti'), one from USA ('Stanley'), and one from Serbia ('Cacanska Lepotica'). The fruits were harvested at maturity and stored for 5 and 10 days at two different temperatures (4 degrees C and 22 degrees C, respectively). We analyzed 25 fruits for each variety and the following determinations were made: diameter, height, weight, sugar content, firmness, juice acidity and dry matter content. 'Record' and 'Cacanska Lepotica' plum varieties had the highest values in terms of fruit weight (60.37 g and 43.49 g, respectively), after 10 days of storage, at 22 degrees C. Regarding the sugar content of the fruit, it was found that the 'Record' and 'Vinete Romane.ti' varieties had a higher percentage, significantly positive p < 0.01 with 22.06 and 24.60%. After 10 days of preservation, the trend of increasing of the content of soluble carbohydrates continues possible due to the transformation of starch into glucose, following enzymatic hydrolysis processes. There was also found a pronounced decrease in fruits firmness, acidity of the fruit juice, but also an increase in fruits dry matter content.

The Apple is one of the basic components in modern human nutrition. They are almost the only food ready prepared in nature, which can be eaten without other additives, either fresh or processed. Apple ranks first among fruit species grown in the temperate zone. The fruits are resistant to handling and transport. In this experiment we studied the biometric and physiological indices of twogapple varieties with different origins from western Romania zone. Compared to the imposed standards on diameter, both imported and domestic varieties fall into the Extra category, except for the Golden Varciorova variety which falls into category I. In order to observe the starch/glucose content following the AI test, it was found that all the samples show indicator 9, which reveals the increased amount of glucose, so that all varieties fall into the category of overripe fruits. Compared to the standard values regarding the maturity degree for apple varieties, it is observed that all the local varieties, both Golden and Idared, Arad and Varciorova fall into the Excellent category, according to the Brix index.

The aim of this study was conducted to assess the combined ability, for chlorophyll content, proline content, and dehydration capacity of the leaves. In this sense was used 4 x 4 half diallel crosses of winter barley to identify the best parents and combinations of these. Combining ability analysis provides important information for selecting parents in terms of the performance of their hybrids for future use in breeding programs. For chlorophyll content, the additive gene action presented a major influence. The greatest general combining effects for proline content were achieved in the Adi and DH 260/18 varieties, the Adi variety possessing a high potential for transmitting this character to the offspring. The Andrew variety (-1.32) registered the most valuable additive effects for improving the dehydration capacity of the leaves.

In this experiment we studied the influence of chemical fertilizers on physiological indices and the amount of protein in two soybean varieties, Atlas and Hodgson. Researches has been carried out between 2017-2019 at Didactic Station of BUASMV Timişoara with different doses of chemical fertilizers. Observations and measurements were made on plant physiology and yield characteristics. The process of accumulation of dry substances in different organs of the plant during the vegetation period is dependent to the effectiveness of fertilization. The dynamics of the total water content in the plant and especially its modification under the influence of chemical fertilizers is of interest for the appreciation of the process of formation of dry substances, respectively of agricultural harvest. In both varieties between the experimental and the control variant, significant differences appeared in all followed indicators, the most favorable variant being N45P63K45. Superior results were registered at Atlas, better adapted to the ecological conditions of the reference area. Fertilizers are decisive factors in the increase of yield and the quantity of protein, although this plant has the capacity to supply some of the necessary nitrogen with bacterial symbionts. High doses of phosphorus did not produce higher yields compared to moderate ones.

The purpose of the experiment was to highlight the germination of sunflower seeds affected by the presence of saline stress and the identification of tolerant genotypes. The biological material was represented by sunflower cvs. (Helianthus annuus L.): Coril, Select, Santiago and Fundulea-206. To simulate the saline conditions, germination solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) were used with concentrations corresponding to the osmotic pressures -6 and -10 atm and the control seed hydration was performed with distilled water. Determination of seed germination, growth of seedling, percentage of plumules dry matter, chlorophyll content and free proline were performed. The experimental data obtained suppose the existence in the assimilation apparatus of sunflowers seedling subjected to stress a competitive chlorophyll/free proline biosynthesis processes. The experimental results regarding the effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth revealed important differences between genotypes. The radicle growth in the germination process were strongly affected by saline excess, with significant differences between cultivars. Saline stress results in significant reductions in the amount of chlorophyll, and high levels of free proline. It can be observed that with the increase of the stress level the percentage of the dry matter increases, indicating an accentuated water deficit.

Garlic is an asexually propagated crop with high morphological diversity and uses throughout the world. Although the salt tolerance among the cultivated species is low, there are some genotypes which present an acceptable level of adaptability to moderate saline conditions. In vegetables, these genotypes are represented especially by local varieties breeded by local farmers. It is therefore necessary to achieve a balance between productivity and salinity tolerance, for the obtaining of new genotypes with high productivity. Our experiments aimed to study the main physiological and biochemical indicators for the identification of salinity tolerant genotypes in a collection of local autumn and spring garlic populations from Timis County. The local populations studied show a wide genetic diversity based on synthesis of free proline, by selecting genotypes with good salinity tolerance for five autumn garlic varieties and five for spring garlic. There are major differences both morphologically and physiologically, between studied varieties of halophytes. Identification of these cultivars may represent a resource for breeding programs of cultivated vegetables on saline soils.

In this experiment we studied the influence of storage conditions on some quality indices of two peach varieties present on the market in western part of Romania.The biological material was represented by two varieties of peach, fruit which is sold on market in western Romania, having the following origin Turcia and Chile. During the experiment the following parameters were studied: fruit’s dimensions (diameter, fruit length, circumference, weight, and fruit color), flesh firmness, acidity vegetable juice, soluble carbohydrate content and dry matter. To determine fruit firmness we used a digital penetrometer. The percentage of dry fruit pulp was determined using Kern thermobalance. Storage conditions were: temperature 4 °C, for 5 and 10 days.After 10 days of storage, due to post-maturation processes, especially respiration (degradation of the organic substrate) there was a reduction of the circumference, the diameter of the fruits and their color as changed. As regarding the biochemical characteristics, after 5 days of conservation can be seen a reduction in fruit firmness, however there is an increase of soluble carbohydrate content, while vegetable juice acidity and dry matter percentage recorded no significant changes. In case of biochemical parameters after 10 days of conservation there is a continuous trend to increase the soluble carbohydrate content due to conversion of starch into glucose after enzymatic hydrolysis processes and also there is a sharp decrease in fruit firmness, but also a slight decrease of the juice acidity from the pulp of the fruit.