Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intravenous metoclopramide for the relief of pain and nausea among the emergency department patients with renal colic. Methods Patients were randomised into three groups: tenoxicam (20 mg); tenoxicam (10 mg) plus metoclopramide (10 mg); and metoclopramide (10 mg). Changes in pain and nausea were examined at the 10th, 20th and 30th minute after treatment. The development of side effects would be recorded. After the 30th minute, the need for additional pain and nausea relief was evaluated. Results Totally 80 patients were enrolled in each group. There was significant mean pain score difference as measured by visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 minute to 10th, 20th and 30th minute post-treatment for all treatment groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in mean VAS decrease from 0 minute to the 30th minute: tenoxicam group: 36 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 28-43 mm] vs. tenoxicam plus metoclopramide: 45 mm (95% CI 38-52 mm) vs. metoclopramide group: 37 mm (95% CI 30-45 mm) (p=0.163). Similarly, no significant differences in mean nausea scores between the three groups were demonstrated at the 10th, 20th and 30th minute after treatment (p=0.236, 0.330 and 0.652 respectively). After the 30th minute, 43 (53%) patients needed additional pain relieving agent in the tenoxicam group compared to 27 (33%) patients in the tenoxicam-metoclopramide group and 33 (41%) patients in the metoclopramide group (p=0.030). No significant adverse drug reaction events were encountered. Conclusion Metoclopramide is as effective as tenoxicam to treat pain and nausea for patients with renal colic in the emergency department. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med.2015;22:93-99)

Purpose: To predict the invasiveness of urothelial bladder carcinoma using a logistic regression model on preoperative peripheral blood samples. Patients and Methods: Hospital data of patients operated for urothelial carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative blood samples were collected before the first cystoscopic examination. Any kind of infection or inflammation was an exclusion criterion. Patients were grouped as having a non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. The mean age was 69 years and was determined as the cut-off value. According to receiver operating characteristic curves, threshold points were determined for lymphocytes, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thrombocytes and mean platelet volume. Demographic specialties, parameters obtained from blood samples, tumor size and multiplicity were evaluated and significant parameters were put into a logistic regression model. Results: The study group consisted of 80 non-muscle-invasive and 102 muscle-invasive patients. Age (≤69 vs. >69), female gender, NLR (2.57), mean platelet volume (7.9/fl) and platelet count (400,000/µl) were significant parameters and put in a model. Using odds ratios, the probability of tumor invasiveness was calculated by a formula. Conclusion: Age, female gender, NLR and platelet count were found to be the predictors of invasiveness of urothelial carcinoma.

The editors greatly appreciate the support of all reviewers whose comments and scientific evaluation of submitted manuscripts are invaluable for ensuring the scientific quality of this journal. In addition to the listed permanent members of the board of Reviewing Editors, the following distinguished clinicians and scientists acted as reviewers for Urologia Internationalis from November 1, 2011 to October 31, 2012. The Editors hereby express their sincere gratitude for and their appreciation of the work done as well as the support given to this journal.

The study was aimed to investigate the association between the degree of oligozoospermia and sperm chromosome aneuploidy frequencies in male infertility and to determine whether chromosomal profiles of sperm nuclei would be used for a supportive test before additive reproduction technics. The meiotic segregation profiles of chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 and 21 were compared by fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) on the spermatozoa of 30 normally karyotyped oligozoospermic (10 mild, 11 moderate, nine severe) cases without Y-microdeletions, and 10 normozoospermic cases. The results showed significantly higher frequencies of chromosomes 13, 18, 21 disomies (P < 0.001) in the group of patients with moderate and severe oligozoospermia compared with the disomy frequencies of normozoospermic group. The statistically significant differences were also determined in disomy frequencies of sex chromosomes (XY, XX and YY) in between oligozoospermic and normozoospermic groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.040, respectively). Because oligozoospermic patients are the ones consulted the most for assisted reproductive techniques, identification of sperm aneuploidy rates in men could be considered as an appropriate supportive test before the reproductive implementations. Furthermore, the patients should be counselled with respect to genetic screening results for the potential risk of aneuploid embryo and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis or prenatal diagnosis.

To access the safety and efficacy of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Since January 2001, 1000 consecutive tubeless PCNLs performed at our hospital were enrolled into this retrospective chart review. The average age of the patients (659 males and 341 females) was 54.4 ± 12.6 years, and 55 patients were 75 years old or older. The stone characteristics were 490 non-complete staghorn kidney stones, 218 ureteral stones, 119 kidney + ureteral stones and 173 complete staghorn stones. The mean stone size was 3.5 ± 2.0 cm, and 200 patients had stone size ≥5.0 cm. The average operative time was 78.0 ± 29.4 minutes. The stone free rates were 78.8%, 100%, 84.9% and 45.0% for kidney, ureter, kidney + ureter and complete staghorn stones, respectively, with an overall stone free rate of 78.3%. The average postoperative hospital stay was 3.6 ± 2.1 days, and the blood transfusion rate was 2.4%. Postoperative fever was noted in 104 patients, and urosepsis was noted in 13 patients. Pulmonary complication included hydrothorax in 5 patients, hemothorax in 2 patients, pneumothorax in 2 patients and acute pulmonary edema in 1 patient. Cadiovascular complications included congestive heart failure in 1 patient and pneumomediastinum in 1 patient.Our study demonstrated that sith adequate hemotasis, tubeless modification is a safe modality for PCNL.

Introduction: In this study, frequency and distribution of hereditary risk factors leading to development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) were evaluated. Materials and Methods: We investigated the important risk factors for VTE in total 46 patients (58 ± 18.8), referred to our clinic with diagnosis of PE by Real Time PCR. We also evaluated distribution of inherited thrombophilia mutations and the family history of VTE. Results: We determined the rate of FVL, FH1299R, MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) mutations in our patients as 32.6%, 2.2%, 67.4% and 63%, respectively. FIIG20210A mutation could not be determined. Twenty-six percent of the patients had only one mutation, while 71.7% of them had two or more mutations. In 77% of individuals with family history, there were two or more mutations. Sixty-three percent patients had at least one of MTHFR gene mutations alone. In 34% of the patients, a combination of at least one of MTHFR gene mutations with either FVL or FVH1299R mutation was available. In 21.7% patients, the history of VTE was present in different body part. Inherited thrombophilia with neoplasia was present in 8.7% of patients. Conclusion: In patients with PE, rate of FVL, and mutations (C677T and A1298C) of MTHFR gene was higher than the previous limited data for Turkey. Determination of the relationship between VTE and inherited abnormalities will be useful for society health and familial risk relations, correctly, in addition to diagnosis and following of patients.