'NemaTAM II' (Reg. no. CV-152, PI 699122) is a high-yielding, high-oleic fatty acid, runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar with resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN). The cultivar was developed by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research peanut breeding program to provide growers with a nematode resistant replacement option for the former 'Webb' cultivar, which had excellent nematode resistance but also had a very large vine size that made harvest difficult for peanut farmers. It was tested under the experimental designation of Tx144342 and was released on 11 Jan. 2021. NemaTAM II maintains the resistance to RKN of Webb, has proven to yield equal to or better than Webb, and has higher grade potential. NemaTAM II has a shorter canopy than Webb, which leads to easier digging and inverting at harvest than its predecessor.

AbstractIn this study, a greenhouse transcriptome study with 7‐d‐imposed drought was conducted onArachis dardaniKrapov. & W.C. Greg. (GK 12946) and the reference speciesA. ipaënsis(Krapov. and W.C. Greg.) (K 30076) (B genome donor of the cultivated peanut) to identify candidate genes associated with drought. Differential gene expression analysis (EdgeR Test) of the normalized reads per kilobase million (RPKM) values was conducted with a fold value ≥ |2| at theP ≤ .05 level using CLC Genomics Workbench v8.1. Statistically significant transcript levels associated with drought tolerance were identified in relation to the putative drought speciesA. dardaniGK 12946 and the reference speciesA. ipaënsisK 30076 which have not been reported previously in peanut and will serve as candidate genes for marker development and gene introgression in future research.

‘tamval ol14’ (Reg. No. CV‐138, PI 689039) is a high‐yielding, high‐oleic, early‐maturing valencia‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) cultivar with reduced susceptibility to Sclerotinia blight. TAMVal OL14 was tested under the experimental designation TxL054529‐33. Replicated line yield tests began in the F8 generation in 2007 and ran through 2010. TAMVal OL14 is the first high‐oleic valencia peanut released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research and had a maturity (approximately 135 d after planting) similar to ‘New Mexico Valencia C’. Yield in breeding trials averaged 706 kg ha−1 higher than for New Mexico Valencia C; in extension trials, the yield advantage ranged from 19 to 33%. Shellout was not statistically different from New Mexico Valencia C, but seed size was larger, 53.7 g 100 sound mature kernels−1 compared with 49.9 g 100 sound mature kernels−1 for New Mexico Valencia C. The frequency of pods with three to five seeds was 37%, not significantly different than the 43% for New Mexico Valencia C. Susceptibility to Sclerotinia minor Jagger was significantly less than New Mexico Valencia C, with a disease incidence of 5.0 to 6.7 for TAMVal OL14 compared with 7.7 to 8.3 for New Mexico Valencia C, on a scale from 0 to 10. The objectives of releasing this line are to provide growers with a higher‐yielding and high‐oleic cultivar for the valencia market, as well as to reduce the susceptibility of valencia peanut to Sclerotinia blight.

The collection and preservation of germplasm of cultivated crops and their wild relatives is recognized as an important aspect of plant breeding for improvement of commercial cultivars. Collection of crop species probably had its beginnings well before recorded history as hunters first became gatherers, and later cultivators as civilization advanced. This chapter presents some guidelines for plant exploration planning and implementation using the collection of Arachis from December 1976 through May 1983 as a medium of illustration of the organization and execution of germplasm acquisition and conservation. Phylogenetic studies of the collections may help clarify the evolution of the Arachis genus. Germplasm which is collected must be preserved for utilization. There is an acknowledged need to direct funds to the support of combined research in tissue culture and DNA technology. Genetic transfers have only been accomplished in a few species which are noted for their responsiveness.

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important food crop in much of the tropical and semi-tropical parts of the world. The peanut is an allotetraploid with an AABB genome formula derived from diploids A. duranensis (A genome) and A. ipaënsis (B genome). The success of an introgression program that aims to improve cultivated varieties of the peanut depends on whether the chosen B genome species is homologous with the B genome of the peanut. While not directly involved in the origin of the peanut to the best of our knowledge, Arachis valida is a B genome species that could potentially be a bridge species or a source of new and different alleles, because of its resistance to diseases and pests. In this study, we investigated the crossability of A. valida with five other B genome species of section Arachis. Eight cross-combinations were made with A. valida and A. gregoryi, A. ipaënsis, A. magna, A. valida, and A. williamsii. Two hundred and forty pollinations were made yielding 61 fruit segments, 61 seeds, one abortion, and 24 hybrid plants. An analysis of the morphological characteristics and pollen viability confirmed that the plants were hybrids. Our results indicated that higher pollen viability of hybrid plants corresponded with higher affinity between parent plants used in crossings. This conclusion corroborates much of previous research carried out by many other authors in the past.

ABSTRACT Cultivar selection is one of the most economically important decisions made by peanut producers. The development of genotypes capable of maintaining yield and quality under a wide range of conditions is important so that profitability can be maximized. Issues such as declining irrigation capacity and diseases limit production in parts of Texas. Efforts of the Texas AgriLife Peanut Breeding Program are to develop breeding lines with improved yield potential, total sound mature kernels (TSMK), and disease resistance. Cultivar trials were conducted in 2009, 2010, and 2011 to evaluate the performance of the cultivar Tamrun OL11. Trials were established in several different production areas under various field conditions and included the commercial standards Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07. Yields were similar for Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07 at 4538 and 4534 kg/ha, respectively; whereas, Tamrun OL11 averaged 4845 kg/ha (P = 0.02). TSMK plus sound splits (SS) for Tamrun OL11 were 1.3% higher than Flavor Runner 458 and 2.4% higher Tamrun OL07. When comparing cultivars in fields with a history of severe Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor) yield increases of 1240 and 2229 kg/ha were observed for Tamrun OL11 over Tamrun OL07 and Flavor Runner 458, respectively. Results from these studies illustrate the high yield potential and superior TSMK of Tamrun OL11.

'Schubert' (Reg. No. CV-121, PI 669508) is a high-yielding, high-oleic, early-maturing spanish-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) cultivar with improved shellout. Schubert was tested under the experimental designation TxL054520-34. Replicated yield tests began in the F-8 generation in 2007 and ran through 2010. Schubert matures approximately 1 to 2 wk earlier than 'OLin' and has significantly higher yield and grade than OLin. Yield averaged 526 kg ha(-1) higher than for OLin, and total sound mature kernels grade was 2.2% points higher. Seed size was significantly larger than for the checks, 51.8 g 100 sound mature kernels(-1) (SMK), compared with 50.2 and 48.1 g 100 SMK-1 for OLin and Tamspan 90, respectively. Schubert produces a higher proportion of medium seed than does either check cultivar, as well as a smaller proportion of split seeds. Resistance to Sclerotinia minor Jagger was not different for Schubert compared with Tamspan 90. The objectives of releasing this line are to provide growers with a higher-yielding, high-oleic cultivar for the spanish market, along with earlier maturity.

The high-oleic spanish peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) germplasm line ARSOK-S1 (Reg. No. GP-237, PI 670132) was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, and Oklahoma State University and was released in 2013. ARSOK-S1 (tested early as TX996784) is the product of a fourth backcross between the recurrent parent 'Tamspan 90' and F435-1-1, the donor of the high-oleic trait. Field performance testing in Oklahoma and Texas indicates that ARSOK-S1 has significantly enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger) and pod rot (caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Pythium myriotylum Dresch.), two diseases prominent in the southwestern United States but also prevalent across many U.S. peanut-growing regions. The purpose for releasing ARSOK-S1 is to provide breeding programs with a source of a high-oleic spanish-type peanut that has acceptable yield and grade along with enhanced disease resistance.

'Tamrun OL12' (Reg. No. CV-122, PI 669444) is a high-yielding, high-oleic, runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that matures approximately 2 wk earlier than other runner peanut varieties. It was tested under the experimental designation TxL061816 and was released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at College Station, TX, on 14 Aug. 2012. Tamrun OL12 was derived from a single cross between a high-oleic runner breeding line, Tx966205, and an early-maturing Spanish bunch landrace, BSS56. Replicated line yield tests of high oleic selections began in 2006 and ran through 2009. Tamrun OL12 matured 2 wk earlier than 'Flavor Runner 458' and 'Tamrun OL02' and had significantly reduced potential for developing fruity-fermented flavor compared to the standard 'Florunner' cultivar.

The state of Texas has three major regions with a history of peanut production: South Texas, Central Texas, and West Texas. The Texas A&M AgriLife peanut breeding program conducts replicated advanced yield trials at multiple locations within each of these regions annually. This study was initiated using entries from these same advanced line tests to determine if there were inter-regional and/or intra-regional differences in total oil content. The study was comprised of five cultivars used as checks in our yield tests and five advanced breeding lines. Three replications of each entry were tested for two South Texas, two West Texas, and two Central Texas locations. All of the samples were tested using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which is a non-destructive test to determine the total oil content. A significant genotype by environment interaction was observed in both years of the study. Significant genotype differences were observed in all locations except the Stephenville location, which was inoculated with Sclerotinia minor in 2008. Maturity was significantly correlated with oil content across all locations for 2009 data.

‘Webb’ (Reg. No. CV‐120, PI 667551) is a high‐yielding, high‐oleic fatty acid, nematode‐resistant peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that also has a moderate level of resistance to Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger). The cultivar was developed in the Texas peanut breeding program and released by Texas AgriLife Research to serve peanut growers who have infestations of root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] and are required to have a peanut with a high ratio of oleic acid to linolenic acid to offer for sale. Webb has larger pods and seeds than most other lines released from the Texas peanut breeding program, but it is similar in size to ‘Tamrun OL 01’, which was released in 2001. Webb has performed well in 19 yield tests across 5 yr, and it has good blanching and shelling characteristics. The seed‐size distribution is in the acceptable range for a runner peanut, as expected by shellers and manufacturers. Flavor components of Webb were found to be acceptable, with no off flavors and a high roasted‐peanut flavor score. Webb is the third cultivar released by the Texas program resulting from the introgression of root‐knot nematode resistance from wild peanut species.

This project was designed to introgress root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood) resistance through backcross breeding into the commercially available peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivar 'Tamrun 96' using Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) as the primary selection tool. Nematode-resistant lines were selected and crossed with Tamrun 96. Field and greenhouse screenings were conducted after completion of the RFLP analysis to study the reliability of MAS as a breeding tool. Resistant plants were identified correctly 85% of the time by MAS in the study. The high percentage of correct identification of resistant genotypes coupled with the savings of time resulting from RFLP based selection justifies its use as a selection tool, when coupled with a conventional backcross breeding program.

Journal of Plant RegistrationsVolume 1, Issue 2 p. 150-150 Germplasm Registration of TxAG-8 Peanut Germplasm Line Y. López, Y. López Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1102 East FM 1294, Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM. D. Burow, Corresponding Author M. D. Burow [email protected] Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1102 East FM 1294, Lubbock, TX, 79403 Texas Tech Univ., Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Lubbock, TX, 79409Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorJ. L. Ayers, J. L. Ayers Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1102 East FM 1294, Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM. R. Baring, M. R. Baring Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Search for more papers by this authorC. E. Simpson, C. E. Simpson Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1229 U.S. Hwy. 281, Stephenville, TX, 76401 Partial support for the development of TxAG-8 was provided by the Texas Peanut Producers BoardSearch for more papers by this author Y. López, Y. López Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1102 East FM 1294, Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM. D. Burow, Corresponding Author M. D. Burow [email protected] Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1102 East FM 1294, Lubbock, TX, 79403 Texas Tech Univ., Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Lubbock, TX, 79409Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorJ. L. Ayers, J. L. Ayers Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1102 East FM 1294, Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM. R. Baring, M. R. Baring Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Search for more papers by this authorC. E. Simpson, C. E. Simpson Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1229 U.S. Hwy. 281, Stephenville, TX, 76401 Partial support for the development of TxAG-8 was provided by the Texas Peanut Producers BoardSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 2007 https://doi.org/10.3198/jpr2006.12.0832crg All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue2September 2007Pages 150-150 RelatedInformation

Crop ScienceVolume 46, Issue 6 p. 2721-2722 Registrations Of Cultivars Registration of ‘Tamrun OL07’ Peanut M.R. Baring, Corresponding Author M.R. Baring m-baring@tamu.edu Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Corresponding author (m-baring@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorC.E. Simpson, C.E. Simpson Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorM.D. Burow, M.D. Burow Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM.C. Black, M.C. Black Texas Coop. Ext., Texas Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Uvalde, TX, 78802Search for more papers by this authorJ.M. Cason, J.M. Cason Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorJ. Ayers, J. Ayers Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorY. Lopez, Y. Lopez Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorH.A. Melouk, H.A. Melouk USDA-ARS, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK, 74078Search for more papers by this author M.R. Baring, Corresponding Author M.R. Baring m-baring@tamu.edu Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Corresponding author (m-baring@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorC.E. Simpson, C.E. Simpson Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorM.D. Burow, M.D. Burow Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM.C. Black, M.C. Black Texas Coop. Ext., Texas Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Uvalde, TX, 78802Search for more papers by this authorJ.M. Cason, J.M. Cason Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorJ. Ayers, J. Ayers Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorY. Lopez, Y. Lopez Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorH.A. Melouk, H.A. Melouk USDA-ARS, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK, 74078Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 2006 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0413Citations: 31 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume46, Issue6November–December 2006Pages 2721-2722 RelatedInformation

Crop ScienceVolume 46, Issue 4 p. 1813-1814 Registrations of Cultivar Registration of ‘Tamrun OL 02’ Peanut C.E. Simpson, Corresponding Author C.E. Simpson c-simpson@tamu.edu Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Corresponding author (c-simpson@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Baring, M.R. Baring Soil & Crop Sci. Dep., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Search for more papers by this authorA.M. Schubert, A.M. Schubert Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM.C. Black, M.C. Black Texas Coop. Ext., Texas A&M Agri. Res. Ext. Ctr., Uvalde, TX, 78802Search for more papers by this authorH.A. Melouk, H.A. Melouk USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74074Search for more papers by this authorY. Lopez, Y. Lopez Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this author C.E. Simpson, Corresponding Author C.E. Simpson c-simpson@tamu.edu Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Corresponding author (c-simpson@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Baring, M.R. Baring Soil & Crop Sci. Dep., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Search for more papers by this authorA.M. Schubert, A.M. Schubert Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM.C. Black, M.C. Black Texas Coop. Ext., Texas A&M Agri. Res. Ext. Ctr., Uvalde, TX, 78802Search for more papers by this authorH.A. Melouk, H.A. Melouk USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74074Search for more papers by this authorY. Lopez, Y. Lopez Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 2006 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.02-0125Citations: 32 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume46, Issue4July–August 2006Pages 1813-1814 RelatedInformation

Host resistance to pests and pathogens, to be useful, must be introgressed into cultivars that possess the high yield potential and other important agronomic quality traits desired by the growers. The root-knot nematodes M. arenaria and M. javanica are only a subset of the several important pests and pathogens attacking groundnut. The resistance that was transferred from wild Arachis spp. to cultivated groundnut will provide nearly complete control of these important pathogens; however, growers have been reluctant to use this resistance because the resistant cultivars lack other desired traits. The introgression of nematode resistance into genotypes that have multiple disease resistance, higher yield potential, and the important agronomic trait of the high O/L ratio will provide growers with a cultivar that satisfies most of their needs. Our current efforts are aimed at providing growers with high quality cultivars with high levels of resistance to multiple diseases. Development of germplasm with these multiple traits will ensure that potential benefits of host resistance are realized.

Crop ScienceVolume 46, Issue 6 p. 2720-2721 Registrations Of Cultivars Registration of ‘Tamnut OL06’ Peanut M.R. Baring, Corresponding Author M.R. Baring m-baring@tamu.edu Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Corresponding author (m-baring@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorY. Lopez, Y. Lopez Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorC.E. Simpson, C.E. Simpson Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorJ.M. Cason, J.M. Cason Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorJ. Ayers, J. Ayers Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM.D. Burow, M.D. Burow Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this author M.R. Baring, Corresponding Author M.R. Baring m-baring@tamu.edu Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843Corresponding author (m-baring@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorY. Lopez, Y. Lopez Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorC.E. Simpson, C.E. Simpson Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorJ.M. Cason, J.M. Cason Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX, 76401Search for more papers by this authorJ. Ayers, J. Ayers Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this authorM.D. Burow, M.D. Burow Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX, 79403Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 2006 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0412Citations: 17 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume46, Issue6November–December 2006Pages 2720-2721 RelatedInformation

A single dominant gene for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria was identified previously in two peanut cultivars, Arachis hypogaea 'COAN' and 'NemaTAM'. The interspecific Arachis hybrid TxAG-6 was the source of this resistance and the donor parent in a backcross breeding program to introgress resistance into cultivated peanut. To determine if other resistance genes were present in TxAG-6 and derived breeding populations from the third backcross generation (BC), F individuals were evaluated for the resistance phenotype. The ratio of the resistant and susceptible individuals for all F populations fit the expected ratio for resistance being governed by one dominant gene and one recessive gene. Evaluation of the F generation from four susceptible F individuals (two from TxAG-6 x A. hypogaea and two from the BC population) confirmed that a recessive gene for resistance to M. arenaria was present in each of the tested populations. The identification of a second gene for resistance in the A. hypogaea germplasm may improve the durability of the resistance phenotype.