Flash pyrolysis of p-PEG (pure PEG) and PEG/NiFe (mixture of PEG and nano Ni–Fe alloy) was carried out in argon atmosphere, aiming to study the effect of nano Ni–Fe alloy on the behavior and mechanism of PEG pyrolysis. A special combinational system was designed to perform pyrolysis experiment and collect pyrolysis products, while GC/MS was employed to identify the products. The experimental results showed that nano Ni–Fe alloy changed not only the relative contents but also the series of PEG pyrolysis products. It was interesting that all of 15 possible series of PEG pyrolysis products in theory were detected from p-PEG and/or PEG/NiFe pyrolysis in the present work. Six product series disappeared and two new product series were detected after adding nano Ni–Fe alloy. Based on quantitative analysis of the end groups of products, the effect of nano Ni–Fe alloy on PEG pyrolysis process as well as the mechanism was discussed. Ni and Fe played quite different roles in the process of PEG pyrolysis. Fe made end group OCH2CH3, OCHCH2, OH and OCH3 transfer to OCH2CHO by inducing hydrogen transfer and OC bond cleavage; Ni made OCHCH2 transfer to OCH2CH3 by inducing hydrogenation.

This study identified individuals ever dispensed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) aged 15-60 years during 2006-2013, using Swedish national registers. The outcome was violent crime conviction. The main statistical analyses assessed risks of violent crime during periods on compared to off SSRI treatment within individuals. Further analyses investigated risk over time in relation to treatment initiation and discontinuation. The study identified 785,337 individuals (64.2% female), experiencing 32,203 violent crimes in 5,707,293 person-years. Between-individual analyses found statistically significantly elevated Hazard Ratios (HRs) overall (HR = 1.10), and in 15-24 and 25-34 year-olds (HR = 1.19 and 1.16), but non-significant HRs in 35-44 and 45-60-year-olds (HR = 1.02 and 1.04). In within-individual analyses, where 2.6% of SSRI users were informative, hazards were elevated overall (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.19, 1.34), and across age groups (HR of 1.35 [95% CI = 1.19, 1.54] in 25-34-year-olds to 1.15 [95% CI = 0.99, 1.33] in 35-44-year-olds). In the overall cohort, the within-individual HRs were significantly elevated throughout treatment (HRs of 1.24 to 1.35) and for up to 12 weeks post-discontinuation (HRs of 1.37 and 1.20). While questions on causality remain, these results indicate that there may be an increased risk of violent crime during SSRI treatment in a small group of individuals. It may persist throughout medicated periods, across age groups, and after treatment discontinuation. Further confirmation is needed from studies with different designs, and clinical focus should be on high-risk individuals, as a majority of SSRI-users (around 97% in our cohort) will not commit violent crimes.

For patients with TBI, traditional methods such as clinical examination and imaging data are the primary references used for deciding whether to operate or not. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring based on lateral ventricles or parenchymal pressure is a more direct reflection of ICP. However, the research on whether the outcome results of ICP monitoring are better than results based on clinical signs and imaging is sparse. Therefore, we compared treatment results for patients with TBI based on ICP monitoring and traditional methods.This retrospective study included patients with TBI admitted to our collaborative hospitals between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013. All patients enrolled were divided into a traditional methods group and ICP monitoring group. Follow-up treatment was determined by ICP monitoring value or traditional methods in the 2 groups. Propensity matching scores were used to ensure that baseline characteristics of patients in the 2 groups were consistent.A significant association was found between the initial ICP value and neurologic deterioration (odds ratio 1.24; P < 0.001), and nonlinear correlation achieved the best fit (R2 = 0.547). Both 6-month good recovery rate and favorable outcome rate were higher in the ICP monitoring group than the traditional methods group by propensity score analysis (P < 0.05).For patients with TBI with cerebral contusion volume >20 mL, both 6-month good recovery rate and favorable outcome rate were significantly higher in the ICP monitoring group than the traditional methods group.

This study examines trends in antidepressant drug dispensations among young people aged 0-24years in Sweden during the period 2006-2013, as well as prescription patterns and central nervous system (CNS) polypharmacy with antidepressants. Using linkage of Swedish national registers, we identified all Swedish residents aged 0-24years that collected at least one antidepressant prescription (here defined as antidepressant users) between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2013 (n=174,237), and categorized them as children (0-11years), adolescents (12-17years), and young adults (18-24years). Prevalence of antidepressant dispensation rose from 1.4 to 2.1% between 2006 and 2013, with the greatest relative increase in adolescents [by 97.8% in males (from 0.6 to 1.3%) and by 86.3% in females (from 1.1 to 2.1%)]. Most individuals across age categories were prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, received their prescriptions from psychiatric specialist care, and had treatment periods of over 12months. Prevalence of CNS polypharmacy (dispensation of other CNS drug classes in addition to antidepressants) increased across age categories, with an overall increase in prevalence from 52.4% in 2006 to 62.1% in 2013. Children experienced the largest increase in polypharmacy of three or more psychotropic drug classes (4.4-10.1%). Anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives comprised the most common additional CNS drug class among persons who were prescribed antidepressants. These findings show that the dispensation of antidepressants among the young is prevalent and growing in Sweden. The substantial degree of CNS polypharmacy in young patients receiving antidepressants requires careful monitoring and further research into potential benefits and harms.

Existence of fungi and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in public swimming pools water are dangerous since it can seriously affect on health of swimmers. This data study aimed to determine the fungi contamination and DBPs concentration including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), halamines and cyanogen halides and haloacetonitriles (HANs) of swimming pools (chlorine based) in Gonabad County, Iran. So, the fungal load and DBPs concentration were investigated in two swimming pools in the middle of spring of 2017 by collecting a number of 9 water samples and 9 samples of lateral facilities of each pool by membrane filtration technique and sterile carpet. The DBPs concentrations were measured by gas chromatograph technique. The results showed that the pools were contaminated with Dermatophyte (trichophyton mentagrophytes and epidermophyton flucosomes), yeasts, and more with opportunistic saprophytic fungi. 24.8%, 22.7%, 16.9%, and 11.4% saprophytic fungi were separated from pool side, locker room, pool water, and shower positions, respectively. 7.4% and 3.2% of yeast fungi as well as 0.23% and 0.2% of dentofacies of causative agents of tinea were separated from the pools water and showers as well as locker room and shower positions, respectively. According to the data, halamines and cyanogen halides had the highest concentrations, followed by HAAs, THMs and HANs respectively. Among the halamines and cyanogen halides, HAAs, THMs and HANs, trichloramine acid was the most dominant species, followed by trichloroacetic acid and dichloramine, respectively.

Dupilumab is a drug that has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medical Agency (EMA) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults. An increase in frequency of conjunctivitis related to dupilumab treatment has been reported in recent publications and clinical trials. We report two steroid-dependent cases satisfactorily treated with cyclosporine 0.1% (Ikervis®). To our knowledge there are no reported cases of dupilumab-associated conjunctivitis treated with cyclosporine 0.1% (Ikervis®).El dupilumab es un fármaco de reciente aprobación por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) y la European Medical Agency (EMA) para el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica moderada-severa en adultos. El incremento de la frecuencia de conjuntivitis asociadas a dupilumab ha sido expuesto en publicaciones y ensayos recientes. Presentamos 2 casos de conjuntivitis corticodependiente tratados satisfactoriamente con ciclosporina al 0,1% (Ikervis®). No hay casos previos descritos de conjuntivitis asociada a dupilumab tratados con ciclosporina al 0,1% (Ikervis®).