Stress and renewed contact with drug (a “slip”) have been linked to persisting relapse of methamphetamine abuse. Human brain microglial activation has been linked with methamphetamine abuse, and inhibitors of glial cell activation, certain phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) have been reported to modulate drug abuse effects. Our objective was to determine whether the glial cell attenuator, 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyridine (AV411, ibudilast), a non-selective PDE inhibitor and promoter of GDNF, could reduce stress- and methamphetamine prime-induced reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior. Male Long–Evans hooded rats were trained to lever press reinforced with 0.1 mg/kg i.v. methamphetamine infusion according to fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) reinforcement schedules during daily, 2-hour experimental sessions. After performance had stabilized, lever pressing was extinguished for 12 consecutive sessions and doses of 0 (vehicle), 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg AV411 were then administered intraperitoneally b.i.d. on the last 2 days of extinction and then once on the testday to separate groups of 12 rats. During testing, the rats were given 15 min of intermittent footshock or a 1 mg/kg i.p. methamphetamine prime followed by a 2-hour reinstatement test session. AV411 significantly reduced response levels of footshock-induced (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) and prime-induced (7.5 mg/kg) reinstatement of extinguished methamphetamine-maintained responding. AV411 has properties consistent with the ability to attenuate relapse precipitated by stress and methamphetamine “slips” during abstinence. These results thus reinforce interest in atypical neurobiological mechanisms which could be exploited for developing novel medications for treating drug abuse disorders.

OBJECTIVES:Although the treatment of depressive illness aims to restore the imbalance between an excess of negative affect (NA) and a shortage of positive affect (PA), no study has examined how NA and PA may influence each other in depression. This study examines how NA and PA dynamically influence each other in depression and how this may impact on treatment response.DESIGN:Depressed help-seeking individuals participated in the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), which enables visualization of subtle dynamic alterations of momentary affective states over time. Thereafter, participants received a combination of antidepressant treatment and psychotherapy, and were followed up each month.METHODS:NA and PA were assessed during ESM at 10 random moments per day for 6 days. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and at monthly intervals during treatment.RESULTS:Future response to treatment was associated with altered baseline NA-PA dynamics in individuals with previous depressive episodes. Their daily life boosts of PA were followed by a stronger suppression of NA over subsequent hours than in other depressed groups or controls.CONCLUSIONS:Subtle individual differences in daily life emotional dynamics predict future treatment outcome in depression.

OBJECTIVE:Given high relapse rates and residual symptoms in depression, new strategies to increase treatment effectiveness are required. A promising avenue is to investigate how electronic momentary assessment technology may contribute to clinical assessment and interventions in depression.METHOD:A literature search was conducted focusing on the potential contribution of momentary assessments to clinical applications in depression.RESULTS:Momentary assessments are able to reveal subtle, small but repetitive and relevant patterns of emotional expression that predict future course of depression. A momentary assessment tool may expose manageable pieces of daily life behaviour contributing to the depressive experience that patients can influence. The use of this explicit knowledge of daily life experience is understudied with regard to its contribution to diagnostic assessment, monitoring of treatment effects and feedback interventions in depressed patients. The clinical application of momentary assessments may stimulate a shift from passive consumption of treatment to an active role for patients in their recovery and increased patient ownership.CONCLUSION:The precise, prospective and fine-grained information that momentary assessment technology provides may contribute to clinical practice in various ways. Future studies should examine the clinical impact of its use and the feasibility of its implementation in mental health care.

Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaVolume 123, Issue 5 p. 402-403 Letter to the editor Translating assessments of the film of daily life into person-tailored feedback interventions in depression M. Wichers, M. Wichers Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. A. Hartmann, J. A. Hartmann Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorI. M. A. Kramer, I. M. A. Kramer Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorC. Lothmann, C. Lothmann Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorF. Peeters, F. Peeters Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorL. van Bemmel , L. van Bemmel GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorI. Myin-Germeys, I. Myin-Germeys Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorPh. Delespaul, Ph. Delespaul Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. van Os, J. van Os Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatr, London, UKE-mail: m.wichers@maastrichtuniversity.nlSearch for more papers by this authorC. J. P. Simons, C. J. P. Simons Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author M. Wichers, M. Wichers Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. A. Hartmann, J. A. Hartmann Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorI. M. A. Kramer, I. M. A. Kramer Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorC. Lothmann, C. Lothmann Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorF. Peeters, F. Peeters Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorL. van Bemmel , L. van Bemmel GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorI. Myin-Germeys, I. Myin-Germeys Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorPh. Delespaul, Ph. Delespaul Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. van Os, J. van Os Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatr, London, UKE-mail: m.wichers@maastrichtuniversity.nlSearch for more papers by this authorC. J. P. Simons, C. J. P. Simons Department Psychiatry and Psychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, AX Eindhoven, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 February 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01684.xCitations: 36Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. 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