ABSTRACT The electrophoretic mobility behavior of well-characterized polystyrene latex particles, carrying one type of surface functional endgroups, has been studied as a function of pH. At low pH, the interaction of protons with the functional endgroups increased in the order: Hydroxyl > carboxyl > sulfate; at high pH the order of interaction was reversed; and at intermediate pH no interactions were observed. The particles of the polystyrene latexes in their different forms at the intermediate pH range, dispersed in deionized water, all exhibited the same mobility irrespective of the functional endgroup. The origin of charge in these systems is explained as being the result of either the preferential adsorption of hydroxyl ions or an electron - injection mechanism due to the overlap of local intrinsic molecular - ion states in polystyrene and water. At low concentrations of functional endgroups, the surface properties of the polystyrene latexes are largely dependent upon the hydrophobic nature of the surface.

Photocatalytic decomposition of benzene in an air stream in a continuous TiO 2 -coated optical fiber photoreactor (OFP) was demonstrated to be effective at relatively short retention times. An increase in TiO 2 coating thickness, fiber length and retention time improved the decomposition of benzene; however, excessive TiO 2 coating thickness and optical fiber length may hamper the reaction. The UV light intensity distribution on and within the optical fiber was modeled using Snell’s law and UV light energy balance. The modeled profile indicated that the UV light intensity decreased rapidly along the axial and radial directions of the optical fiber. A mathematical model combining the continuity equations and Langmuir–Hinshelwood surface kinetics was established to adequately describe the reaction behavior of benzene decomposition in the OFP with only single TiO 2 -coated fiber.

This paper introduces the basic principle of ELID grinding and analyzes the process mechanism. The technology of ELID grinding is successfully applied for super-precision mirror surface grinding of hard and brittle materials.

The decomposition of gaseous trichloroethylene by UV/TiO2 process in an annular photoreactor fixed with TiO2-coated nonwoven fiber textile was studied under various UV light intensities, humidities, oxygen contents and retention times of carrier gases. Experimental results indicated that the photocatalysis by UV/TiO2 process is technically feasible to decompose trichloroethylene in air streams. A design equation combining the equations of continuity and surface catalytic kinetics was developed for describing the decomposition of trichloroethylene in air streams by UV/TiO2 process at various operating conditions.

As the result of the study on the effects of copper powder, cast iron powder and other relative metal additives used for ELID grinding wheel manufacturing, a new kind of grinding wheel is presented for ELID grinding and experimental results show that such grinding wheels have great advantages and can be used for production purpose.

The Electrolytic In-processing Dressing (ELID) is successfully applied in precision mirror surface grinding and efficient processing of difficult and hard workpieces. This paper introduces the application of ELID grinding technology of precision mirror surface. Applying super-abrasive and metal-base wheel, the ELID grinding of carbide alloy can got a mirror surface with Ra=0.025 mu m similar to0.028 mu m.

Small cell carcinomas of the urinary tract are rare, but lethal. We report 3 cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney, urinary bladder and prostate with light microscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings. One patient with small cell carcinoma of the prostate died of disseminated disease 2 years after diagnosis and another patient with small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was free of tumour after 6 months. A partial remission was induced in the third patient with distant metastases of small cell carcinoma of the kidney by using chemotherapy protocols similar to the drug regimens for small cell carcinomas of the lung; the patient survived for 5 months. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the absence of argyrophilic immunostaining of tumour cells in all 3 cases, positive staining for keratin in 2 and staining for neuron-specific enolase in all 3. In the third patient, reactivity for prostate-specific antigen was negative. Dense-core, membrane-bound granules were identified in the cytoplasm of 2 patients. The paraneoplastic syndrome was not found, indicating that in considering the occurrence of ectopic hormones, specific cytoplasmic granules of origin need not be implicated. Recognition of this distinct entity requires full consideration of morphological, immunohistological, ultrastructural and biological features. In order to define the origin of this tumour more clearly and to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy, larger series of patients are needed.

The stability of latexes is important for many industrial applications and in theoretical research. One of the measures of the stability is the electrophoretic mobility or zeta potential of the latex particle. Thus far the chemisorbed surface charge groups have been considered as the dominant factor determine the ζ potential. In a previous paper (1), we concluded that the origin of surface charge on polystyrene latex was not simply the charged ionizable groups on the surface of the latex particle,and that the hydrophobic surface of the latex might be playing a more significant role in the origination of the surface charge. In this work, the relationship between electrophoretic mobility and surface charge of latexes, especially the effect of the adsorption of ions from solution on the electrophoretic mobility of polystyrene latex particles, was investigated in more detail. The possible mechanisms of the origination of the surface charge on latex particles