The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of hydro-ethanol extracts of stems, barks and leaves of Annona muricata against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabillis and Bacillus cereus, followed by the evaluation of their antioxidant activities. The sensitivity of the bacteria to extracts was evaluated by the well diffusion method and the inhibition parameters of the bacterial growth were determined by the micro-dilution assay. The Minimum Bactericidal concentrations (MBC) obtained were between 6.25 and 25.00 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive strain with a MBC value of 6.25 mg/ml obtained from leaves extract. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Hydro-ethanol extract of barks exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity of 0.010 ± 0.004 g/mg and the highest reducing power with ascorbic acid equivalence of 49.45 ± 0.067 mg EAA/gw. This extract has presented only the highest phenolic content 25.00 ± 1.070 mg EAA/gw. The phytochemical screening revealed that the plant contain bioactive compounds such as steroids, triterpenes and alkaloids. These results confirm the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections and diseases associated to oxidative stress such as diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-trichophytic effects of Baillonella toxisperma (Pierre) extracts against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton soudanense.The tests were performed by the agar dilution method and the results have showed the effective inhibition of the mycelia growth of theses strains by B. toxisperma (Pierre) extracts.After 7 days of incubation at 28°C, the percentages of mycelia growth inhibition PI (%) by plant extracts and fluconazole were range between 20.81 and 100% on T. soudanense, and between 19.92 and 100% on T. rubrum.Some B. toxisperma (Pierre) extracts were exhibited similar anti-trichophyton activities compared to those obtained with fluconazole which was used like reference antifungal drug (p < 0.05).The best anti-trichophyton activities of B. toxisperma (Pierre) extracts were obtained at 5 mg/ml on T. Rubrum with almond oil and hexane phase of water-hexane partition of hydro-ethanol crude extract of barks bromobentseeni (HBb), and at 10 mg/ml on T. soudanense with (HBb).This anti-trichophyton activity of B. toxisperma (Pierre) extracts was attributed to secondary metabolites.The phytochemical analysis has showed that the plant contain bioactive metabolites groups such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, coumarin, tanins, anthocyanins, lipids and triterpenes.The metabolic groups have been mentioned in several studies for their antifungal activities.The results from this study provide a scientific validation for the ethnomedicinal uses of B. toxisperma (Pierre) in the treatment of fungal infections.

An ethnopharmacological survey concerning medicinal properties of Baillonella toxisperma (Pierre) was carried out by interview with the indigenous population of Dimako village situated in the East region of Cameroon. The result showed that the plant is implicated in the treatment of many infections among which is fungal infections. To confirm the antifungal property of B. toxisperma (Pierre), the barks and leaves of the plant were collected and serial extractions in water, hydro-ethanol mixture (3:7), ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate were performed in vitro. One part of the hydro-ethanol (3:7) extract was degreased by mixing in water-hexane mixture (1:1). The extracts were then tested in vitro against Candida albicans, Candida parasilopsis, Candida sp. responsible for superficial, deep or systemic mycosis and against Cryptococcus neoformans responsible for sub-acute meningitis in immunodeficient individuals. The susceptibility of yeasts to plant extracts was evaluated using the wells diffusion method and yeasts growth inhibition parameters were evaluated according to the proposed National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-A2 standard guidelines (2002). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) determined were between 0.93 and 30.0 mg/ml. The extracts were fungicidal on clinical yeasts tested with MFC/MIC ratio of 1 or 2. The hexane phase HT2 from the hydro-ethanol crude extract of the barks gave the best antifungal activity on C. neoformans, with a MIC of 0.93 mg/ml and a MFC of 1.87 mg/ml. This activity was similar to the one obtained with fluconazole. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, phlobatannins, triterpenes, anthocyanins, cardiac glycosides, leucoanthocyanins and fats, which are bioactive substances. The results could explain scientific validation to the traditional medical uses of B. toxisperma (Pierre) to treat fungal infections. Key words: Cameroon, Baillonella toxisperma (Pierre), ethnopharmacology survey, fungal infections, bioactive compounds.

An ethnopharmacological survey concerning medicinal properties ofBaillonella toxisperma (Pierre) was carried out by interview with the indigenous population of Dimako village situated in the East region of Cameroon.The result showed that the plant is implicated in the treatment of many infections among which is fungal infections.To confirm the antifungal property of B. toxisperma (Pierre), the barks and leaves of the plant were collected and serial extractions in water, hydro-ethanol mixture (3:7), ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate were performed in vitro.One part of the hydro-ethanol (3:7) extract was degreased by mixing in water-hexane mixture (1:1).The extracts were then tested in vitro against Candida albicans, Candida parasilopsis, Candida sp.responsible for superficial, deep or systemic mycosis and against Cryptococcus neoformans responsible for sub-acute meningitis in immunodeficient individuals.The susceptibility of yeasts to plant extracts was evaluated using the wells diffusion method and yeasts growth inhibition parameters were evaluated according to the proposed National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-A2 standard guidelines (2002).The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) determined were between 0.93 and 30.0 mg/ml.The extracts were fungicidal on clinical yeasts tested with MFC/MIC ratio of 1 or 2. The hexane phase HT2 from the hydro-ethanol crude extract of the barks gave the best antifungal activity on C. neoformans, with a MIC of 0.93 mg/ml and a MFC of 1.87 mg/ml.This activity was similar to the one obtained with fluconazole.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, phlobatannins, triterpenes, anthocyanins, cardiac glycosides, leucoanthocyanins and fats, which are bioactive substances.The results could explain scientific validation to the traditional medical uses of B. toxisperma (Pierre) to treat fungal infections.