The reference monetary value of the man.sievert is a pragmatic decision-aiding technique to “take into account economic and societal factors” associated with the optimisation principle and to help decide whether a protection option is “reasonable” or not. EDF has adopted a system of reference monetary values in 1992, updated it in 2002, and was considering a new update. In 2019 and 2020, a designated EDF-CEPN working group investigated the elements (through survey, literature and feedback analysis) that might support a change and in which direction. A simplified system, based on one single reference monetary value of the man.sievert, has been proposed. The value takes into account the most recent recommendations from ICRP and French State administration and uses the state-of-the-art methodology in calculating the Value of Statistical Life and has been adjusted with an aversion risk factor considering the EDF radiation protection policy. The new reference value is 4,500 €/man.mSv. An upper value of 7,000 €/man.mSv can be used if the project presents radiation protection benefits (positive externalities) in addition to a reduction in collective dose. The Radiation Protection Manager makes the decision on which value should be selected, and the Radiation Protection Service, in collaboration with the other services, integrates the value in the optimization analysis, bearing in mind that the output will guide the decision (and not determine it) bringing also objectivity and transparency.

For complex radiation protection project, decision-aiding techniques, such as Cost-Benefit Analysis can be used. In 1973, the International Commission on Radiological Protection introduced the "reference monetary value of the man.sievert" to convert the benefit of a radiation protection option (averted exposure) in monetary term for comparison with it is cost. In 2017, an international survey has collected the reference monetary values of nuclear utilities and regulatory authorities. This article presents the data collected and analyzes them. Over the 220 reactors who answered, 176 (80%) are using the concept, expressing its longevity and relevance for optimization purposes. The utilities can use single value or set of reference values varying with the level of exposure. This survey also highlights the emergence of mixed and flexible systems. The collected values are largely spread (ratio 1:10 at least) and this is the opportunity to discuss the influence of the method used to calculate the reference value and notably the related concept of the Value of a human Statistical Life (VSL).

This article discusses stakeholder engagement in the field of nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness, response, and recovery (EPR & R). It argues that stakeholder engagement in this field could be broadened – in terms of stakeholders and forms of engagement, and strengthened – in terms of sustainability and impact. Four different dimensions are identified and presented along which this process of broadening and strengthening can occur: (1) the underlying rationales of engagement, (2) top-down and bottom-up engagement, (3) formal and informal engagement, and (4) radiological protection culture. Based on the analysis of these dimensions, a reflection on power and non-participation is provided, and recommendations on stakeholder engagement are formulated.

In medical exposure situations, the significant role of and the need to improve the benefit/risk dialogue between health professionals, patients and other stakeholders are well recognized. This paper analyses stakeholder engagement processes in various medical applications of ionising radiation. It addresses the role and potential benefit of radiological protection (RP) culture for health professionals and the issues associated with the practical implementation of informed consent processes. The paper highlights the need to develop RP culture among health professionals to facilitate dialogue between practitioners and patients and to foster the implementation of the principles of radiological protection. It argues that patients’ participation can be enhanced by creating spaces and opportunities for dialogue between patients and the relevant medical professionals, both before the implementation of medical procedures using ionising radiation, particularly at the moment of referral, as well as after these procedures. Risk communication training for medical professionals and their closer collaboration on this topic may enhance the dialogue with patients.

The stronger requirements for, and recognition of, stakeholder involvement in radiation protection, and the remaining challenges in translating these into practice, substantiate the need for knowledge sharing through a repository of stakeholder engagement experiences. One of the goals of the ENGAGE project was designing such a knowledge base and exemplifying it with case studies. Existing databases for stakeholder engagement were examined and combined with the focal points of the ENGAGE project. This paper presents the concept of the knowledge base by introducing its structure, which is then illustrated by the radon case studies developed within the ENGAGE project.

Radon in buildings poses a significant health risk, being one of the most important causes of lung cancer deaths worldwide. Acknowledging that successful radon risk management requires engagement of stakeholders, this paper investigated prescriptions and practices for stakeholder participation. First, it points out the need to integrate radon risk management in a holistic approach to indoor air pollution, together with urban planning and energy saving policies. It then argues for establishing more systematic approaches to the involvement of stakeholders in the design, implementation and evaluation of radon actions. Finally, it suggests the development of context specific approaches for the engagement of stakeholders at local and regional level.

Lead Authors: C. Turcanu, B. Abelshausen, R. Geysmans , M. Van Oudheusden, G. Meskens (SCKCEN), C. Schieber, T. Schneider (CEPN), N. Zeleznik (EIMV), C. PölzlViol (BfS), Contributions from: T. Perko (SCK•CEN), C. Fallon (ULG), T. Duranova (VUJE), Marie-Claire Cantone (UMIL), C. Murith, F. Barazza (FOP), S. Economides (EEAE), L. Liutsko (ISGlobal), R. Gschwind (UFC), S. Charron (IRSN), D. Savu (IFIN-HH) Reviewer(s): Catrinel Turcanu, SCKCEN and CONCERT coordination team Work package / Task WP 9 T 9.4 Deliverable nature: Report Dissemination level: (Confidentiality) Public

The European project ENGAGE investigated formal or informal demands and expectations for stakeholder engagement in radiological protection, and their translation into practices at national and local levels. Three contexts were examined in detail: nuclear emergency preparedness, response and recovery; exposure to indoor radon; and medical exposures to ionising radiation. Research showed that prescriptions and practices for stakeholder engagement would benefit from acknowledging the normative and substantive rationales for engagement. It suggests broadening participation both in terms of stakeholders – particularly from the perspective of integration of radiological protection into broader frameworks – and the forms of participation – for instance by recognising the importance of informal and citizen-led engagement. In addition, more systematic approaches for stakeholder engagement should be included in the elaboration and evaluation of national policies. Finally, results substantiate the need for developing radiological protection culture in a participatory, multi-disciplinary way. Recommendations for more robust stakeholder engagement in radiological protection are formulated based on the findings.

For almost two years, the International Radiological Protection Association (IRPA) has been engaged in a reflection on the implementation of the radiological protection system and its evolution. In this context, the French Society for Radiological Protection (SFRP) organised a workshop on the search for a level of protection judged to be "reasonable" in the practical implementation of the optimisation approach held in Paris, last February 2017. The objective of this workshop was to initiate a discussion on the foundations of the optimisation principle and to share experience feedback on its implementation in three areas: the nuclear sector (particularly for occupational exposures), the medical sector and some existing exposure situations (exposure to radon, management of radium contaminated sites and management of post-accident situations). The article summarizes the discussions and conclusions of the workshop. It appears that the practical implementation of optimisation as well as the evaluation of the protection level considered as "reasonable" varies according to the field of activities, and remain a challenge in all cases.

Radioactive waste introduces a new time dimension in the field of risk management. This is why, for more than 10 years, there have been reflections on the societal and organisational mechanisms allowing a responsible management over the long term of the risk associated with radioactive waste. These reflections lead one to ask questions regarding interactions between what is at slake for societal and radiation protection criteria, demanding a multidisciplinary approach to the problem. Within the framework of the European project COWAM 2, dedicated to the improvement of governance of radioactive waste management in Europe, a working group involving experts, authorities, waste managers, focally elected representatives and NGOs, discussed the stakes associated with the long term dimension. This article presents the main results of this working group, organised around four themes: meaning of the long term and what is at stake, the ethical dimension regarding long term issues, continuity and sustainability of the surveillance and control of radioactive waste facilities, effectiveness of financing schemes for the long term management of radioactive waste.

Les déchets radioactifs introduisent une dimension temporelle sans précédent dans le domaine de la gestion des risques. C’est pourquoi, depuis plus de dix ans, des réflexions ont été initiées sur les dispositifs sociétaux et organisationnels permettant d’assurer une prise en charge responsable du risque associé aux déchets radioactifs sur le long terme. Ces réflexions conduisent à s’interroger sur les interactions entre les enjeux sociétaux et les critères de radioprotection, faisant ainsi appel à une approche multidisciplinaire. Dans le cadre du projet européen COWAM 2, dédié à l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la gestion des déchets radioactifs en Europe, un groupe de travail impliquant des experts, des autorités de sûreté et de radioprotection, des gestionnaires de déchets, des élus locaux et des associatifs, a discuté des enjeux associés à la prise en compte du long terme. Cet article présente les principaux résultats de ce groupe de travail, organisés autour de quatre thèmes : la signification et les enjeux du long terme, les enjeux éthiques associés à la dimension du long terme, la continuité et la durabilité de la surveillance et du contrôle des installations recevant des déchets radioactifs, l’efficacité des dispositifs de financement de la gestion des déchets radioactifs sur le long terme.

La Commission internationale de protection radiologique a mis l’été dernier sur son site Internet, pour avis, son nouveau projet de recommandations avant de le finaliser courant 2005. Comme pour les ébauches précédentes, la Société française de radioprotection a, au travers d'un groupe de travail, fait ses commentaires sur le projet actuel. Le texte envoyé à la CIPR est présenté ici aux lecteurs de la revue de la SFRP.

Revue des livresRadioprotection professionnelle.Collection Normes de Sûreté de l'AIEA -Guide de sûreté n°RS-G-1.1 -2004, ISBN 92-0-200804-3, 81 pages.Cet ouvrage, préparé conjointement par l'AIEA et par le Bureau international du travail (BIT) fournit des conseil généraux sur l'établissement d'un programme de radioprotection conforme aux exigences des normes fondamentales de sûreté internationales publiées par l'AIEA (Collection Sécurité n°115 -1997).Il est complété par deux autres guides portant plus spécifiquement sur le contrôle radiologique et l'évaluation de l'exposition des travailleurs dus respectivement aux sources externes de rayonnement (RS-G-1.3)et à l'incorporation de radionucléides (RS-G-1.2).