Objectives: Skipping meals is linked to negative cardiometabolic health outcomes. Few studies have examined the effects of breakfast skipping after disruptive life events, like job loss. The present analyses examine whether sleep timing, duration, and continuity are associated with breakfast eating among 186 adults who recently (past 90 days) experienced involuntary unemployment from the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study. Methods: We conducted both cross-sectional and 18-month longitudinal analyses to assess the relationship between actigraphic sleep after job loss and breakfast eating. Results: Later sleep timing was associated with a lower percentage of days breakfast was eaten at baseline (B = -0.09, SE = 0.02, P < .001) and longitudinally over 18 months (estimate = -0.04; SE = 0.02; P < .05). No other sleep indices were associated with breakfast consumption cross-sectionally or prospectively. Conclusions: Unemployed adults with a delay in sleep timing are more likely to skip breakfast than adults with an advancement in sleep timing. Future studies are necessary to test chronobiological mechanisms by which sleep timing might impact breakfast eating. With the understanding that sleep timing is linked to breakfast eating, the advancement of sleep timing may provide a pathway for the promotion of breakfast eating, ultimately preventing cardiometabolic disease. (c) 2023 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Emergency telecommunicators are essential first responders tasked with coordinated communication within the emergency response system (ERS). Despite their exposure to significant job demands, little is known about the effect of call load or call type on emotional state within these workers. Therefore, we employed a prospective, intensive longitudinal design to examine whether emergency-eligible call volume would lead to higher intensity negative emotions post-shift when controlling for pre-shift negative emotions and a number of other work and individual factors, including work duration and night shift. A total of 47 ERS telecommunicators (dispatchers, operators, other) completed ratings over working shifts within a two-week period. Call frequency was gathered through the agency Computer-Assisted Dispatch database. Negative emotions of irritation, stress, worry, and fatigue were measured through the Visual Analogue Scale administered before and after shift. Mixed linear modeling demonstrated that telecommunicators who received more calls per hour (Estimate = 3.56, SE = 1.44, p < 0.05) and more-than-usual calls per hour (Estimate = 1.97, SE = .94, p < 0.05) had higher levels of post-shift irritability. Longer-than-usual working hours also predicted higher levels of post-shift irritability (Estimate = 1.32, SE = 0.59, p < 0.05). Call volume did not predict other negative emotions, although secondary analyses demonstrated that a larger number of chronic calls lead to greater levels of post-shift worry. ERS telecommunication agencies aiming to reduce negative emotions in workers may benefit from implementing policies and programs that target working hours, call load, and work-life balance.

This study prospectively examined change in waist circumference (WC) as a function of daily social rhythms and sleep in the aftermath of involuntary job loss. It was hypothesized that disrupted social rhythms and fragmented/short sleep after job loss would independently predict gains in WC over 18 months and that resiliency to WC gain would be conferred by the converse.

Abstract Introduction ERS telecommunicators are the first of the first responders challenged with solving complex, time-sensitive problems while managing workplace presence. Very little is known about sleep, work, and lifestyle factors among workers in this industry. One study demonstrated that 85% of ERS telecommunicators are overweight, suggesting that job-related factors may place these workers at risk for sedentary lifestyles. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether 14 day total work duration moderated the daily relationship between prior-night total sleep time and next day energy expenditure. Methods Over the course of 14 days (M = 6.9 days on-shift; SD = 1.9 days), 47 ERS telecommunicators were instructed to (a) wear actigraphs on their waist to gather estimates of average energy expenditure (EE, kcal/hour), (b) wear actigraphs on their wrist to gather estimates of total sleep time (min), and (c) complete daily shift logs to gather information about work duration (hours). Mixed linear modeling was employed to examine whether prior night within-subject total sleep time (TST) predicted next day energy expenditure, as moderated by between-subject work hours (n = 525 cases). Results A significant cross-level Work Duration x TST interaction (Estimate = .007, SE = .002, p < .001, 95% CI [.003, .011]) indicated that less prior-night TST was associated with less next-day EE among telecommunicators who worked more hours over the last 14 days. Conversely, telecommunicators who worked fewer hours expended more energy per hour the next day when they slept less than usual. Simple effects indicated that for each extra 102 minutes sleep (+1 SD), telecommunicators expended 5 kcal/hr (90 kcal over 18 hours awake). These results remained stable when controlling for between-subject differences in sleep and within-subject changes in work duration, night-shift work, and other relevant covariates. Conclusion The effect of total sleep time on next-day EE is unique to each telecommunicator’s typical sleep levels and the total hours worked over the course of two weeks. These two risk factors operate on EE as a function of one another. Findings provide support for the implementation of policy-level intervention to minimize chronic overwork and individual-level intervention to support sleep prioritization. Support (If Any) UA Canyon Ranch Center for Health Promotion and Treatment

To examine how sleep quality and sleep duration affect caloric intake among those experiencing involuntary job loss. Methods Adequate sleep and self-reported dietary recall data from the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study was analyzed. Primary sleep indices used were total sleep time, time spent in bed after final awakening, and sleep quality as measured by the Daily Sleep Diary (DSD). Mean Energy consumption (MEC) was the primary nutritional index. Secondary indices included diet quality using the Health Eating Index 2015 (HEI), and self-reported intake of protein, carbohydrates and fats. Results The study participants were comprised mainly of women (61%) and non-Hispanic white. The participants had at least 2 years of college education and mean body mass index of 30.2±8.08 (kg/m 2 (). The average time in bed was 541.8 (9 hrs) ±77.55 minutes and total sleep time was 461.1 (7.7 hrs) ±56.49 minutes. Mean sleep efficiency was 91±6%, self-reported sleep quality was 2.40±0.57 (0-4 scale, 4 = very good), and minutes earlier than planned morning awakening were 14.36±24.15. Mean HEI score was 47.41±10.92. Although the MEC was below national average for both men and women, male sex was associated with higher MEC. In a fully adjusted model sleep quality was positively associated with MEC. Conclusion Daily overall assessments of sleep quality among recently unemployed persons were positively associated with mean energy consumption. Additionally, the diet quality of unemployed persons was found to unhealthier than the average American and consistent with the relationship between poor socioeconomic status and lower diet quality.

Abstract Introduction Few studies have examined circadian phase after job loss, an event that upends daily routine. It is common that a daily routine begins with the consumption of breakfast, and breakfast behavior may contribute to health status in adults. Therefore, we sought to examine whether a later midpoint of sleep was associated with breakfast skipping among adults whose schedules were no longer dictated by employment. Methods Data were obtained from the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study. The sample of 155 participants had involuntarily lost their jobs in the last 90 days. Both cross-sectional and 18-month longitudinal analyses assessed the relationship between sleep midpoint after job loss and current and later breakfast skipping. Assessment periods were 14 days. Sleep was measured via actigraphy, and breakfast skipping was measured via daily diary (1 = had breakfast; 0 = did not have breakfast). The midpoint of sleep was calculated as the circular center based on actigraphy sleep onset and offset times. Results The midpoint of sleep at baseline was negatively associated with breakfast consumption at baseline (B = -.09, SE = .02, p = .000). Also, a later midpoint was associated with breakfast skipping over the next 18 months (estimate = -.08; SE = .02; p = .000). Prospective findings remained significant when adjusting for gender, ethnicity, age, perceived stress, body mass index (BMI), education, and reemployment over time. Education (estimate = 14.26, SE = 6.23, p < .05) and BMI (estimate = -.51, SE = .25, p < .05) were the only significant covariates. No other sleep indices predicted breakfast behavior cross-sectionally or prospectively. Conclusion Consistent with research in adolescents, unemployed adults with a later circadian phase are more likely to skip breakfast more often. Breakfast skipping was also associated with higher BMI. Taken together, these findings provide support for the future testing of sleep/wake scheduling interventions to modify breakfast skipping and potentially mitigate weight gain after job loss. Support (if any) #1R01HL117995-01A1

Objective: Following bereavement, yearning and grief rumination are repetitive cognitive processes that can lead to disordered grief. Mindfulness training (MT) has been shown to reduce maladaptive repetitive thought. The current quasi-randomized controlled trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of MT for bereavement-related grief. Method: Ninety-five widow(er)s (Mage = 67.5, 79% women, 98% White) between 6 months to 4 years post-loss were assigned to a 6-week MT intervention or a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) intervention, or a wait-list condition. Outcome measures were grief severity (Revised Inventory of Complicated Grief), yearning (Yearning in Situations of Loss), rumination (Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale), and decentering (Experiences Questionnaire-Decentering) assessed at baseline, Weeks 2 and 4 of intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month post-intervention. Growth curve analysis examined group differences in rates of improvement in outcomes through follow-up and associations with improvement in grief severity. Results: The MT and PMR groups showed significant rates of decline in grief severity and yearning, though only the PMR group showed a greater rate of decline in grief severity than wait-list. All groups showed significant rates of decline in grief rumination. The PMR and wait-list groups showed significant rates of increase in decentering compared to the MT group. Conclusions: Results support the feasibility and acceptability of MT and PMR for widow(er)s as well as the preliminary efficacy of PMR for improving grief severity in widow(er)s compared to a wait-list control condition. With replication, PMR could be a standalone intervention for non-disordered grief or a component of treatment for disordered grief. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract Objective Unemployment is an established risk factor for obesity. However, few studies have examined obesity‐related health behavior after involuntary job loss specifically. Job loss confers a disruption in daily time structure that could lead to negative metabolic and psychological outcomes through chronobiological mechanisms. This study examines whether individuals with unstable social rhythms after involuntary job loss present with higher abdominal adiposity than individuals with more consistent social rhythms and whether this relationship varies as a function of depressive symptoms. Methods Cross‐sectional baseline data (n = 191) from the ongoing Assessing Daily Activity Patterns in occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study were analyzed using linear regression techniques. Participants completed the Social Rhythm Metric‐17 (SRM) daily over 2 weeks. They also completed the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II) and participated in standardized waist circumference measurements (cm). Results A significant interaction emerged between SRM and BDI‐II demonstrating that less consistent social rhythms were associated with larger waist circumference at lower levels of depressive symptoms. Additional exploratory analyses demonstrated a positive association between the number of daily activities performed alone and waist circumference when controlling for symptoms of depression. Conclusion These findings are the first to demonstrate a relationship between social rhythm stability and abdominal adiposity in adults who have recently, involuntarily lost their jobs. Results highlight the moderating role of depressive symptoms on daily routine in studies of metabolic health. Future prospective analysis is necessary to examine causal pathways.

Few studies have examined the relationship between sleep duration and breakfast eating patterns, although studies suggest that each of these variables is associated with weight gain. This analysis evaluated the relationship between sleep duration and next-day breakfast composition in adults who recently experienced involuntarily job loss — a group at high risk for weight gain. At the baseline visit of the ongoing, prospective Assessing Daily Activity Patterns through occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study, 97 fasting participants completed a sleep diary describing the prior night’s sleep at home and then self-selected unrestricted breakfast food of their choice at a hospital cafeteria. Breakfast intake was documented by pre-post meal food photography. Breakfast nutrient intake was assessed by trained dietary assessors using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Associations between prior night total sleep time and food composition were examined in regression models controlling for sex and body mass index. Mean total sleep time was 428 minutes (SD = 106 minutes) with 58% of participants receiving at least 7 hours of sleep. Total sleep time was positively associated with more total grams of food and beverage at breakfast (B = .57, SE = .28, p < .05) characterized by high water weight (B = .57, SE = .25, p < .05). There was no association between total sleep time and energy, total fat, total protein, or total carbohydrate consumption at the breakfast meal. These findings remained consistent with post-hoc control for fast duration. Compared to individuals with shorter sleep duration, individuals with longer sleep duration had heavier next-day breakfasts characterized by more grams of water but no difference in total or macronutrient-specific energy. Because water intake is associated with the intake of fewer daily calories, these findings call for further investigation into the mechanistic underpinnings of factors common to both fluid and sleep homeostasis, such as thermoregulation. Controlled, laboratory-based investigation, into the relationship between sleep and breakfast intake is also warranted. #1R01HL117995-01A1