Technical debt is a metaphor referring to the consequences of weak software development. Managing technical debt is necessary in order to keep it under control, and several techniques have been developed with the goal of accomplishing this. However, available techniques have grown disperse and managers lack guidance. This paper covers this gap by providing a systematic mapping of available techniques and methods for technical debt management, covering architectural debt, and identifying existing gaps that prevent to manage technical debt efficiently.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are the next generation of embedded ICTsystems designed to be aware of the physical environment by using sensor-actuator networks to provide users with a wide range of smart applications and services. Many of these smart applications are possible due to the incorporation of autonomic control loops that implement advanced processing and analysis of historical and real-time data measured by sensors; plan actions according to a set of goals or policies; and execute plans through actuators. The complexity of this kind of systems requires mechanisms that can assist the system's design and development. This paper presents a solution for assisting the design and development of CPS based on Model-Driven Development: MindCPS (doMaIN moDel for CPS) solution. MindCPS solution is based on a model that provides modelling primitives for explicitly specifying the autonomic behaviour of CPS and model transformations for automatically generating part of the CPS code. In addition to the automatic code generation, the MindCPS solution offers the possibility of rapidly configuring and developing the core behaviour of a CPS, even for nonsoftware engineers. The MindCPS solution has been put into practice to deploy a smart metering system in a demonstrator located at the Technical University of Madrid.

The management of distributed and intermittent energy generation is a critical challenge within the power domain. This challenge has emerged due to the increase of distributed and renewable energy resources in power networks. Smart Grids are a solution to integrate intermittent and dispersed renewable energy and to increase energy efficiency through the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies. However, Smart Grids require new and innovative models, and software architectures that enable Smart Grids to operate in an intelligent and self-managing way. To deal with the intelligent operation of power grids, this paper presents a reference architecture for autonomic power grids. Specifically, this paper focuses on the capability of self-balancing distributed and intermittent energy. It illustrates how this self-balancing capability is implemented and its usefulness for a scenario of a microgrid located in a real setting, in the south of the Spanish region of Ciudad Real.