The carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) may be quantitated routinely at ultratrace (ng/L) levels in drinking water or contaminated groundwater. The aqueous sample is passed through a preconditioned Empore C18 filter disk to remove neutral nonpolar species and then extracted continuously overnight with highest purity dichloromethane. The latter is then concentrated to 1 mL, and a large aliquot (up to 200 microL) is loaded onto a dual-stage carbon sorbent trap, after which the solvent is removed with ultrapure helium. The concentrated residues are then injected onto a gas chromatographic column using a short-path thermal desorber. NDMA is selectively detected using a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector (CLND) operated in its nitrosamine-selective mode. The reporting limit for this procedure, evaluated using two independent statistically unbiased protocols, is 2 ng of NDMA/L. A related procedure, employing an automatic sampler instead of the short-path thermal desorber, provides convenient analysis of heavily contaminated samples and exhibits a reporting limit (same protocols cited previously) of 110 ng of NDMA/L. When the two methods are used together in a "two-tiered" protocol, NDMA concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (ng/L to microgram/L levels) may be measured routinely. The low-level procedure employing only the short-path thermal desorber was applied successfully to three sources of drinking water, where NDMA concentrations ranged between 2 and 10 ng of NDMA/L. The two-tiered protocol was applied to a series of contaminated groundwaters whose NMDA concentrations ranged between approximately 10-7000 ng of NDMA/L. The results agreed with those obtained from an independent collaborating laboratory, which used a different analytical procedure.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA thermal desorption method for the determination of nicotine in indoor environmentsCyril V. Thompson, Roger A. Jenkins, and Cecil E. HigginsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 4, 429–435Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00181a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es00181a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The tobacco-derived environmental emission of most common concern is the smoke issuing from cigarettes between puffs. A literature review of smoke formation mechanisms, sampling methods and selected emission factors suggests that sidestream deliveries are actually much less variable than is commonly thought. Examples of devices used to generate and collect sidestream smoke for analysis are described and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. Emissions computed as is common practice from sidestream/mainstream ratios are compared to those determined directly. The ratio method can yield misleading results because of the sensitivity of mainstream deliveries to cigarette and burn characteristics.
Thermal desorption of coal fly ash in a flowing stream of helium liberates volatile compounds which are collected on Tenax resin. A chemical “fingerprint” of these components collected from the fly ash is obtained by using thermal desorption of the material collected on the Tenax resin and capillary-column gas chromatography. Compounds ranging in volatility from that of benzene (b.p. 80°C) through C1-phenanthrene (b.p. ca. 360°C) are detected, but recoveries of components only through naphthalene (b.p. 218°C) are suitable for quantitative work. The method provides chemical information on volatile organic compounds complementary to that achieved by procedures based on solvent extraction.
Abstract A method well suited to the analysis of gas phase organic compounds in ultra-low tar delivery cigarette smoke has been developed. The cigarette is smoked directly through a filter and a Tenax trap arranged in series. The components collected on Tenax are analyzed by thermal-desorption programmed-temperature gas chromatography. Components are then quantitated by the use of external standards. The smoke from high tar delivery cigarettes also can be analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatography of portions of well mixed solid dilutions of the trapping Tenax. Deliveries of 34 gas phase components were determined for 4 ultra-low tar cigarettes having tar deliveries ranging from <0.01 to 3 mg tar/cigarette, and 24 components for 5 cigarettes delivering 7 to 45 mg tar/cigarette.
The commercial introduction of ultra-low-tar delivery cigarette products has posed challenges in the analysis of their smoke constituents. The application of solid sorbent trapping and thermal desorption, programmed-temperature glass-capillary-column gas chromatography has proven useful for both gas phase and particulate matter analyses. In gas phase analysis the cigarette is smoked directly through a Cambridge filter and Tenax trap, and in whole smoke analysis through the Tenax trap alone. For cigarettes having deliveries of < 1 mg tar/cigarette the entire trap content, or a fraction thereof, is desorbed at 250/sup 0/C in the injection port of the gas chromatograph, and the cryothermally trapped organic desorbate is separated by programmed temperature gas chromatography. Tenax used to trap smoke from higher tar delivery cigarettes is duluted with clean Tenax and homogenized before analysis. Quantitation is made by the method of external standards, the RSD for smoke components averaging generally +-20%. Higher RSD's of +-60% in the case of some ultra-low cigarette smoke components may be influenced by mainstream enrichment by sidestream smoke drifting near the air dilution vents in the filter rod. This method of analysis when applied to whole smoke can determine the entire cigarette delivery of many gas phase and particulatemore » matter components, and has sufficient sensitivity that flavor related components in cigarette smoke are analyzable. The distribution of some semivolatile components between gas and particulate phases has been determined by application of this method and is reported.« less
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of polar glass capillary columnsCecil E. HigginsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 4, 732–734Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00227a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00227a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecovery of naphthalene during evaporative concentrationCecil E. Higgins and Michael R. GuerinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 12, 1984–1987Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50062a054Request reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (643 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid-liquid distribution. Tributyl phosphate between immiscible solventsWillis H. Baldwin and Cecil E. HigginsCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1974, 19, 2, 152–154Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60061a019https://doi.org/10.1021/je60061a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceVolume 17, Issue 12 p. 3815-3818 NoteFree Access Interactions of poly(hydroxypropyl acrylate–co-tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate) with aqueous electrolytes Cecil E. Higgins, Cecil E. Higgins Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830Search for more papers by this authorWillis H. Baldwin, Willis H. Baldwin Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830Search for more papers by this author Cecil E. Higgins, Cecil E. Higgins Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830Search for more papers by this authorWillis H. Baldwin, Willis H. Baldwin Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1973 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171223AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume17, Issue12December 1973Pages 3815-3818 ReferencesRelatedInformation
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and properties of some rare earth and americium chelatesMerlin D. Danford, John H. Burns, Cecil E. Higgins, James R. Stokely Jr., and Willis H. BaldwinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 8, 1953–1955Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50090a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50090a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AbstractKristallstruktur, thermische Stabilität und Sublimationsverhalten der Komplexe (I) und (II), die nach bekannten Methoden dargestellt wurden, werden bestimmt und miteinander verglichen.
AbstractUranyl nitrate, acetate, sulfate, and dibutyl phosphate were used in solution for the photoinitiation of homopolymerization and copolymerization of hydroxypropyl acrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Solvents used included water, water‐ethylene glycol mixtures, and dimethylformamide. Polymer yields in excess of 90% can readily be obtained by exposing solutions containing 0.014M UO22+ to light from a tungsten bulb for 1 hr. The rigidity of the polymers varied directly, the affinity for water in‐versely, with the concentration of tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the monomer mixture. Poly(hydroxypropy1 acrylate) contained 52% water and poly(tetraethy1ene glycol dimethacrylate) 34% water, a t equilibrium.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal decomposition of tri-sec-butyl phosphateCecil E. Higgins and Willis H. BaldwinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 3, 1065–1066Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01267a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01267a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Pyrolysis of n-Butyl Phosphate Esters and Salts1C. E. Higgins and W. H. BaldwinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 9, 3173–3176Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01020a074RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (569 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomerization in Residual Alkyls from Pyrolytic and Ester Interchange Reactions of Tributyl Phosphate1W. H. Baldwin and C. E. HigginsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 9, 3230–3231Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01020a523https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01020a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Journal Article Retention Ratios of C4-C6 Hydrocarbons Get access C. E. Higgins, C. E. Higgins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. H. Baldwin W. H. Baldwin Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 1965, Page 110, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/3.3.110 Published: 01 March 1965 Article history Received: 09 November 1964 Published: 01 March 1965
