Molecular desorption and chemical degradation of self-assembled monolayers have been identified as some of the main obstacles to industrializing inverted perovskite solar cells. Here, PhTF-4P was designed with large, conjugated, and sterically hindered benzothiophene (BT) groups to modulate molecular configuration and intermolecular interactions. Theoretical calculation indicates that the 45 degrees dihedral angle between BT and carbazole induces a stable 2D bounded network through multidirectional and stronger intermolecular n-n interactions, which effectively restrains the desorption of PhTF-4P via five times the constraint energy. Meanwhile, the PhTF-4P monolayer shows high coverage, uniform distribution, and reduced energy disorder, leading to faster carrier extraction and decreased non-radiative recombination losses. Finally, PhTF-4P devices achieved a small-area efficiency of 27.13% (certified at 27.11%, stabilized efficiency of 26.54%) and a mini module efficiency of 23.78%. Besides, PhTF-4P devices exhibit satisfying stability by retaining 95% of initial efficiency after maximum power point tracking for 2,000 h (65 degrees C) due to the anti-desorption of the 2D bounded network.

The formation of bacterial biofilms presents a major challenge in infection treatments. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) typically employs photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation, causing oxidative damage to both bacteria and biofilms. While prior studies have explored the integration of PDT with various other approaches, magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) has not adequately addressed. To bridge this gap, a drug delivery system is designed that incorporates mesoporous Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded with the photosensitizer IR-820, thereby combining aPDT with MHT. This system possesses magnetic-targeting capabilities, generates thermal energy when exposed to alternating magnetic fields, and facilitates the release of encapsulated IR-820. Furthermore, upon exposure to near-infrared light, IR-820 produces ROS. The synergistic effects of elevated temperature, degradation of the biofilm matrix, and enhanced ROS production effectively disrupted bacterial biofilms. This approach demonstrated promising antibacterial efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo, including in rat models of full-thickness infectious wound and subcutaneous abscesses. These results underscore the substantial potential of the system for future antibacterial applications.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a solid proton donor to improve the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. The modified CN (CN/PVA) was prepared by mixing CN and PVA at room temperature. The H2O2 production efficiency of CN/PVA was 5.65 times higher than that of CN in pure water. Photocurrent measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and photoluminescence (PL) analysis proved that PVA increased charge separation of CN. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses further suggested that PVA acted as the proton donor during H2O2 production by interacting with CN via hydrogen bonds. The combination of the charge separation enhancer and proton donor from PVA promoted the sequential two-step single-electron reduction of O-2 for H2O2 production. This study paves the way for the modification of g-C3N4 with hydroxyl-containing materials as solid proton donors for photocatalytic H2O2 production.

The high-voltage electric field can effectively capture charged aerosols and has the effect of killing microbial aerosols simultaneously. In this article, an innovative visualization method for investigating the dynamic characteristic of submicron-scale aerosol particles in the high-voltage electric field is developed. Based on reasonable working principles and reliable experimental schemes, the movement of submicron-scale aerosol particles is observed and visualization images in different working conditions are photographed. Besides, with the aid of numerical method and solution of related equations, simulation researches on flow field distribution, electrostatic field characteristics, particle charging and motion behavior characteristics are also carried out. Visualization results prove the linear motion law of aerosol particles in an electric field of 0-3 kV/cm unit. As for 1 µm diameter particle, its migration velocity in 1 kV/cm electric field is measured as 0.016 m/s and 0.019 m/s after positive and negative charging of 1.5 kV voltage, respectively. A reliable calculation formula (η=(VjqpLj)/(3πμD2uxdp)) for predicting collection efficiency is derived and established based on actual particle migration velocity. The researches on the migration and capture law of submicron-scale aerosol in the high voltage electric field gives a key reference for the development and design of efficient removal of microbial aerosol and air purification equipment.

This paper develops a novel approach for evaluating charged particles' collision probability in the external electric field of a regular two-stage electrostatic precipitator based on Lagrangian particle tracking method, which overcomes itself difficulties and that of the Eulerian method. The numerical simulation aims to obtain the particles' accumulated displacement which is a parameter to reflect the efficiency of particle collision. The effect factors of frequency, gas velocity, plate spacing and applied voltage are also considered. Results indicate that the external electric field of R-AC is more beneficial to particle collision compared to the other waveforms of AC. Besides, frequency and plate spacing are not found to have obvious or regular effect on collision probability, but the promotion effect of applied voltage on it was obtained. The dimensionless coefficient analysis provides extremely useful information for the optimization of working conditions in different types of the external electric field.

In this paper, a novel ozone prediction model was developed based on the mechanism of ozone generation in the corona discharge region that ionized region would make oxygen become ozone. The coupled solving equation of electrostatic field and ozone concentration were established, which considered the influence factors of polarity, voltage, current, free diffusion, and gas velocity. A pin-cylinder corona discharge device was used to observe the status of corona discharge and measure the ozone concentration in positive and negative polarity conditions, respectively. Results showed that the corona discharge region in two polarity conditions presented the different status and gave rise to unlike ozone concentration distribution. The novel ozone prediction model in this work was confirmed as an accurate tool to predict the ozone generation and distribution in the fluid domain, and would exert its essential role in the guidance of ESPs design and the control of ozone risk. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Different phase structured MnO2, including beta-, alpha-, gamma- and three kinds of delta-MnO2, are prepared and their catalytic activities are compared through catalytic oxidation of toluene at different temperature. The as-prepared MnO2 are characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Toluene conversion results show that catalytic oxidation activity follows the sequence of beta- < alpha- < gamma- < delta-MnO2. When MnO2 owns the same delta phase structure, the crystallinity degree and morphology also affect toluene catalytic oxidation activity, but the effect is not so significant as that of phase structure. The results are further explained by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H-2 temperature programmed reduction and in situ Fourier transform infrared. The weakest toluene catalytic oxidation activity of beta-MnO2 mainly results from its extreme small surface area. In comparison with gamma- and delta-MnO2, the less amounts of Mn4+ and lattice oxygen on alpha-MnO2 surface result in its weaker catalytic oxidation activity. The special hierarchical structure of delta-MnO2 makes toluene more likely to be adsorbed on its surface, and thus the catalytic oxidation activity is better than that of gamma-MnO2. The effect of weight hourly space velocity and the stabilities of as-prepared MnO2 are also investigated in this research.

A new heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, Fe-Cu bimetallic oxides supported aluminum-containing MCM-41, was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized samples were evaluated by various techniques such as XRD, TEM, nitrogen physisorption, zeta potential and XPS. The incorporation of metal species did not alter the well-ordered hexagonal mesostructure of MCM-41 support. Compared with the monometallic or the Al absent catalysts, this new bimetallic oxides supported aluminum-containing MCM-41 catalyst exhibited a higher activity and stability in phenol mineralization. The effects of temperature, pH and H2O2 dosage were investigated in terms of the TOC conversion. At pH 4, 60°C and 0.049mol/L of H2O2 dosage, a 47% TOC reduction has been achieved. With incorporating aluminum, the increase in surface oxygen-containing groups was observed by zeta potential analysis, the downshift binding energy of active metals was found by XPS measurement, and an enhancement of H2O2 utilization ratio was achieved. On the basis of our findings, the beneficial role of Al has been explained.