Spine grape (Vitis davidii) is a promising source of high-quality anthocyanins, with vast potential for application in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, their availability is limited by resource constraints. Plant cell culture has emerged as a valuable approach for anthocyanin production and serves as an ideal model to investigate the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Elicitors are employed to achieve targeted enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The present study investigated the impact of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as an elicitor on the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonoids during spine grape callus growth. Specifically, we examined the effects of ALA on anthocyanin and its component accumulation in callus, and biosynthetic anthocyanin gene expression. ALA at 25 µg/L increased the biomass of spine grape callus. ALA induction enhanced the levels of flavonoids, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in callus, with maximum values reaching 911.11 mg/100 g DW, 604.60 mg/100 g DW, and 5357.00 mg/100 g DW, respectively, after callus culture for 45 days. Notably, those levels were 1.47-, 1.93- and 1.83-fold higher than controls. ALA induction modulated the flavonoid profile, and among 97 differential flavonoid metabolites differing from controls, 77 were upregulated and 20 were downregulated. Six kinds of anthocyanins, namely cyanidin (8), delphinidin (6), peonidin (5), malvidin (4), petunidin (3) and pelargonidin (3), were detected in callus, with peonidin most abundant. Compared with controls, anthocyanin components were increased in ALA-treated callus. The key genes PAL1, PAL2, PAL4, CHI, CHS3, F3’H, F3H, FLS, DFR, UFGT, MYBA1, LDOX, OMT3, GT1 and ACT involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were upregulated following ALA treatment, resulting in anthocyanin accumulation. This study revealed a novel mode of ALA-mediated promotion of plant anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation at the cellular level, and a strategy for enhancing anthocyanin content in spine grape callus. The findings advance commercial-scale production of anthocyanins via spine grape callus culture. we also explored the accumulation patterns of flavonoids and anthocyanins under ALA treatment. Augmentation of anthocyanins coincided with elevated expression levels of most genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis within spine grape callus following ALA treatment.

以茉莉(Jasminum sambac)的花苞为材料,采用染色体步移技术,分离出JsTPS基因的5'端调控序列,对该启动子序列进行顺式作用元件预测.根据茉莉花TPS基因启动子的顺式作用元件分布,扩增出5个不同片段长度的启动子,分别命名为JsTPS-1(494 bp)、JsTPS-2(689 bp)、JsTPS-3(1016 bp)、JsTPS-4(1466 bp)和JsTPS-5(2040 bp),应用GATEWAY技术,构建5个不同长度融合GUS基因的植物表达载体,用农杆菌GV3101侵染烟草叶片,对转化后的烟草叶片进行GUS染色.检测不同片段长度启动子活性,找出该启动子的关键活性区域,对其功能进行初步分析,序列分析结果表明:克隆得到的JsTPS启动子序列长度为2040 bp,该序列包含TATA-box、G-box、CAAT-box等启动子核心元件、光响应元件(ACE、ATCT-motif、Box 4、3-AF1 binding site、G-Box、Sp1和GT1-motif)和激素响应元件[茉莉酸甲酯响应元件(TGACG-motif、CGTCA-motif)、ABRE脱落酸响应元件、生长素响应元件(TGA-box、TGA-element)、水杨酸响应元件(TCA-element)、赤霉素响应元件(GARE-motif)]等,说明该基因的表达可能受到光照、激素(ABA、生长素、茉莉酸、茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸)的诱导.GUS染色结果表明:其JsTPS-1启动子几乎不染色,JsTPS-2染色相对较弱,而JsTPS-3的染色程度高于JsTPS-4、JsTPS-5,且是5个不同缺失片段中染色最深的片段;GUS酶活性检测结果显示,不同缺失片段长度酶活性与染色结果一致,JsTPS-1的GUS酶活性最低,随着启动子片段加长,GUS酶活性增强,在片段长度为JsTPS-3时酶活性最强,在JsTPS-4、JsTPS-5片段长度,GUS酶活下降.JsTPS启动子至少包括-788～0 bp这段区域才能驱动JsTPS起始转录,相比较其他片段,发现在-1016～0 bp区域时启动子的活性表现最强.推测可能在-1016～-689 bp中含有水杨酸响应(TCA-element)、光响应(3-AF1 binding site)等元件增强启动子的活性,而在-1466～-1016 bp中含有赤霉素负调控响应元件减弱JsTPS启动子的活性.本研究为进一步开展调控茉莉花香气释放研究提供理论基础.

猕猴桃营养成分丰富,生物活性强,在水果市场上占有率高,随着产量的增加,猕猴桃的产业亟需升级,对其生物活性和综合利用的研究亟待加强.本文对猕猴桃的糖类、有机酸等营养成分及抗氧化、抗肿瘤等生物活性的最新研究进展进行概述,并总结了猕猴桃在食品、医药、护肤品等方面的综合利用现状,旨在为猕猴桃资源的深度开发与利用提供参考.

[目的]探讨油柰(Prunus salicina lindley)WRKY33启动子在不同胁迫处理下的表达模式,为进一步深入研究油柰WRKY基因在油柰生长发育或抵御各种逆境胁迫中的作用机制等提供理论依据.[方法]利用MEGA 6.06软件构建PsWRKY33的系统进化树.通过染色体步移技术克隆获得该基因启动子序列,利用PlantCARE数据库分析预测PsWRKY335′端上游启动子区域的顺式作用元件.利用拟南芥浸花法获得转基因植株.通过对不同胁迫处理下的各片段转基因幼苗进行组织化学染色和GUS酶活性测定.[结果]系统进化树分析表明PsWRKY蛋白与拟南芥WRKY33亲缘关系最近,故将该基因命名为PsWRKY33.获得PsWRKY33基因5′端上游启动子序列长度为1872 bp,经预测分析发现该启动子区域含有ABRE、ARE、LTR、MYB和W-box等响应不同植物激素等顺式作用元件,基于此构建3个不同长度的缺失片段.对转基因植株不同组织GUS染色发现PsWRKY33启动子主要表达在叶、花瓣和花序梗上,且随着片段的缺失其表达越低.在不同胁迫处理下,其GUS活性表达程度不同.在低温胁迫条件下,不同长度的PsWRKY33启动子片段均受到不同程度的诱导上调表达;而在SA胁迫下,各片段呈现出不同程度的诱导下调表达.[结论]PsWRKY33基因启动子可能参与调节油柰应答低温胁迫及外源激素SA的响应.

Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China Fuzhou City Green Food Development Center, Fuzhou, China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and

猕猴桃软腐病常发生于果实生长后期至储运期,是影响果实采后贮藏品质的主要真菌性病害,也是造成采后贮运损失的主要因素之一.近年来,猕猴桃软腐病的研究取得一定进展,本文结合国内外的最新研究报道,对猕猴桃软腐病的病原菌、侵染规律、防治技术等方面进行综述,并探讨软腐病的未来研究方向,为果农采取适宜手段防治猕猴桃软腐病提供参考.

[目的]通过向培养基中添加不同种类的抑菌剂,建立锦绣杜鹃开放式组织培养,并以开放式组织培养初代和增殖阶段培育的试管芽苗为材料,探究开放式组织培养体系的遗传稳定性,以期为将来杜鹃花的工厂化育苗提供技术支持.[方法]以锦绣杜鹃当年生枝条的顶芽和带腋芽茎段为试验材料,对外植体的消毒方式以及开放式组织培养初代与增殖培养的阶段培养基抑菌剂的使用浓度进行探索,利用ISSR分子标记技术,检测各时期不同处理的试管芽苗与母本材料间的遗传稳定性.[结果]外植体材料的适宜消毒方式为10％ H2O2消毒10～15 min,顶芽存活率61.67％,污染率33.33％,茎段存活率23.33％,污染率68.33％;开放式组织培养阶段,NaClO适宜作为抑菌剂,最适添加量为0.01％,材料存活率62.22％,此时新生叶片细长,数量多,增殖系数为3.067.ISSR分子标记分析表明,不同消毒方式处理的外植体材料、开放式组织培养的各试管芽苗材料以及母本材料间的遗传相似系数均为0.919～0.995,材料间的变异率低,遗传稳定性较好.[结论]初步探索了开放式组织培养用于杜鹃花组织培养工厂化育苗,锦绣杜鹃外植体的适宜消毒方式为10％ H2O2消毒10～15 min,顶芽材料的存活率比带腋芽茎段材料高;在开放式组织培养的初代培养和增殖培养阶段,适宜添加0.01％ NaClO作为培养基抑菌剂;外植体的不同消毒处理与开放式组织培养,对试管材料遗传稳定性的影响不大.

WRKY蛋白是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,其家族成员广泛参与植物生长发育,特别在应答环境逆境胁迫中起重要的调节作用.开展WRKY家族成员在应答各种逆境胁迫中的作用及其机制研究,有利于阐明植物应答逆境胁迫的分子机制.本研究采用染色体步移技术,分离获得PsWRKY22的启动子,通过启动子5'端缺失体构建、拟南芥遗传转化和GUS酶活测定等方法研究pPsWRKY22及其缺失体在不同胁迫下(干旱,低温和高盐)以及外源激素(ABA,MeJA,SA和ETH)处理下的表达情况.研究结果表明,PsWRKY22启动子及其缺失片段在多种胁迫处理下都不同程度地抑制下游GUS蛋白的表达,尤其在外源SA胁迫处理下两者被抑制的效果最为明显,另外在低温和外源ABA处理下,pPsWRKY22及其缺失体的GUS酶活差异极其显著.本研究结果为进一步探究WRKY转录因子在非生物胁迫和外源激素作用下诱导油柰抗逆性基因表达的分子机制提供理论依据.

'Liuyuezaoyou' is an early-ripening cultivar selected from a bud mutation of Citrus grandis Osbeck 'Guanximiyou'. They were designated here as MT and WT, respectively. The fruit of MT matures about 45 days earlier than WT, which was accompanied by significant changes in key phytohormones, sugar compounds and organic acids. Recent studies have showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulation of fruit ripening process. The aim of this study was to compare MT fruits with WT ones to uncover if miRNAs were implicated in the ripening of C. grandis. Fruits of both WT and MT at four developmental stages were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and RT-PCR. Several independent miRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. A total of 747 known miRNAs were identified and 99 novel miRNAs were predicted across all libraries. The novel miRNAs were found to have hairpin structures and possess star sequences. These results showed that transcriptome and miRNAs are substantially involved in a complex and comprehensive network in regulation of fruit ripening of this species. Further analysis of the network model revealed intricate interactions of miRNAs with mRNAs during the fleshy fruit ripening process. Several identified miRNAs have potential targets. These include auxin-responsive protein IAA9, sucrose synthase 3, V-type proton ATPase, NCED1 (ABA biosynthesis) and PL1/5 (pectate lyase genes), as well as NAC100 putative coordinated regulation networks, whose interactions with respective miRNAs may contribute significantly to fruit ripening of C. grandis.

为了探讨荔枝果皮和假种皮(果肉)可溶性糖、有机酸组分在果实不同发育阶段的积累和代谢转化,本研究以'乌叶'和'兰竹'荔枝为试材,通过UPLC建立果实糖酸组分的定量方法,并对其变化进行分析比较.结果 表明,成熟果实果皮及假种皮的可溶性糖含量较发育期显著上升,果皮以果糖积累为主,而假种皮则以蔗糖积累为主.发育期果实果皮富含莽草酸和奎尼酸,两者合计占比高达90％,至果实成熟仍占比75％;果皮中其余酸组分较发育期均有所增加.假种皮有机酸组分以苹果酸为主,但伴随果实成熟,其含量呈明显的下降趋势.研究首次利用UPLC分析荔枝果实糖酸组分的变化,表明在不同发育阶段果皮与假种皮中的糖酸组分存在不同的消长.

茉莉花茶属于中国的一种特种茶,深受消费者喜爱,具有广阔的市场前景.茉莉花作为茉莉花茶窨制的主要原材料,其质量与香气决定着茉莉花茶质量的优劣,茉莉花的香气独特且浓郁,其释香与花瓣的开放相伴发生.本研究通过对茉莉花开放前后的全长差异性消减文库进行构建获得了 131个差异表达基因,并且从差异表达基因中筛选香气合成相关的基因,进一步从筛选结果中分离出催化苯甲醇合成的香气释放相关基因JsBEFBT,其开放阅读框全长1 404 bp,编码467个氨基酸,JsBEBT在茉莉花活体条件下开放过程和茉莉花瓣离体养护过程的表达模式显示JsBEBT随着花瓣开放和香气释放的过程表达水平逐渐升高,本研究为研究控制茉莉花香气释放的基因提供理论基础.

为探讨乙烯在水仙鳞茎膨大过程中的作用以及种球对乙烯信号的响应,本试验以多花水仙种球膨大期的鳞片和内芽为供试材料,研究种球的生长与乙烯释放量和NtERFs基因表达之间的关系.结果 表明,多花水仙种球在3-5月间种球重量持续增加,为种球的膨大期.鳞片的乙烯释放量在5月中旬显著升高,内芽的乙烯释放量显著高于鳞片,在4月下旬出现释放高峰;内芽释放的乙烯可能与种球的膨大有关,且能够诱导鳞片中乙烯的释放,鳞片乙烯的释放可能会引起地上部叶片的黄化.实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,NtERF1、NtERF4和NtERF118的表达趋势与鳞片乙烯的释放量一致,可能参与了鳞片乙烯信号的响应,NtERF1可能是关键的响应因子.NtERF2、NtERF3、NtERF4和NtERF26基因则可能参与内芽乙烯信号的响应,NtERF2基因可能是内芽响应乙烯信号的主要因子,同时也参与了鳞片对内芽释放的乙烯信号的响应.本研究表明水仙种球在生长期能够响应乙烯信号,而乙烯的释放受到NtERFs的反馈调节.本研究结果为进一步研究水仙种球营养生长期乙烯的作用及其信号传导提供了研究基础.

探讨利用正向抑制差减cDNA文库进行挖掘白茶萎凋过程中品质相关差异基因.从萎凋叶-新鲜叶正向抑制差减cDNA文库,筛选含差异基因的阳性克隆,并将阳性克隆的测序结果进行ESTs分析和归类,并对差异基因进行生物信息学分析,预测其功能.获得的白茶品质形成相关重要基因(Cs SAMDC、Cs SDH和Cs DAHPS)进行生物信息学分析与表达分析.该法可从分子生物学角度分析白茶萎凋过程中的基因对品质形成具有重要影响.

大根香叶烯合成酶在植物萜类化合物合成中具有重要作用.前期从茉莉花cDNA文库中克隆获得香气相关基因JsGDS基因,但是其表达调控机制还不是很清楚,本研究拟采用染色体步移法从茉莉花基因组中克隆了JsGDS上游1 646 bp的启动子序列.生物信息学分析表明,该启动子片段中包含启动子的基本元件TATA-box和CAAT-box以及光调控元件、赤霉素应答元件、ABA应答元件、MeJA应答元件等多个与生长发育或者逆境胁迫相关的顺式作用元件.利用Gateway技术构建JsGDS启动子的GUS融合载体及其系列缺失体,并获得拟南芥遗传转化植株.对转基因拟南芥进行GUS组织化学染色.结果表明,JsGDS启动子及缺失体均具有驱动下游基因转录的活性.本研究为进一步探究JsGDS基因的调控和表达机制提供理论依据.

[目的]植物第Ⅲ类过氧化物酶具有广泛的生理功能.前期研究发现荔枝果皮具高活性的离子结合态过氧化物酶(BPox),与果实的着色、成熟密切关联,但其特性、作用机制不清楚.明确BPox的生化特性及其基因表达变化,为进一步研究BPox参与荔枝果实着色和成熟机制奠定基础.[方法]以'乌叶'荔枝成熟果果皮为材料,通过提取及Streamline Phenyl、CM-52、Phenyl Sepharose HP和Superdex 200等柱层析,纯化获得BPox.测定BPox的最适反应pH、最适反应温度、底物特异性、抑制剂等生化特性.采用双倒数法测定其催化愈创木酚、(?)-表儿茶素的Km值及Vmax.应用MALDI串联质谱鉴定BPox的肽段序列,克隆BPox的cDNA.分别测定盛花后58、69、76、80和90 d荔枝果皮BPox的活性变化,应用荧光定量PCR分析BPox的基因表达变化.[结果]从荔枝果皮纯化得到BPox最主要的2个组分,分别命名为BPox-2和BPox-3.凝胶过滤层析和SDS-PAGE结果显示,BPox-2和BPox-3的表观分子量分别约为30 kD和34 kD.BPox-2和BPox-3的最适反应pH均为6.0,最适反应温度分别为40℃和45℃;二者具有相似的底物特异性;DTT、ASA和L-Cys等能强烈抑制其活性.BPox-2和BPox-3催化愈创木酚的Km值分别为2.97和2.58 mmol·L-1,其Vmax分别为38.72×106和23.06×106 U·mg-1;其催化(?)-表儿茶素的Km值分别为3.49和3.24 mmol·L-1,Vmax分别为38.72×106和23.06×106 U·mg-1.尽管BPox-2和BPox-3的肽质量指纹(PMF)不同,串联质谱分析显示,二者均具一个序列为TASLSAANSDLPSPFADLATLIAR的胰酶水解肽段.克隆得到BPox2的cDNA,大小为960 bp,共编码319个氨基酸.cDNA编码的多肽链N端包含1段26个氨基酸残基的信号肽,C端缺乏液泡分选序列,具1个潜在的N-糖基化修饰位点.幼果期,荔枝果皮BPox的活性表现弱;至盛花后76 d,果皮开始着色变红,BPox的活性迅速启动升高直至果实成熟.qPCR的结果显示,在盛花后的58和69 d,果皮BPox2的转录水平很低;盛花后76 d,BPox2的表达急剧上升,达到高峰,为盛花后69 d的60.56倍,而后下降.至盛花后90 d,其表达水平又显著上升.[结论]荔枝果皮的BPox-2与BPox-3最适反应pH、最适反应温度、底物特异性等与荔枝果皮可溶性Pox组分相似,但其对愈创木酚和(?)-表儿茶素的催化效率显著高于SPox.BPox-2与BPox-3同为BPox2所编码,因翻译后修饰差异而形成同工酶.BPox参与荔枝果皮的着色和成熟进程,其活性受转录水平调控.

14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s) are among the most important phosphorylated molecules playing crucial roles in regulating plant development and defense responses to environmental constraints. No report thus far has documented the gene family of 14-3-3s in Citrus sinensis and their roles in response to stresses. In this study, nine 14-3-3 genes, designated as CitGF14s (CitGF14a through CitGF14i) were identified from the latest C. sinensis genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into ε-like and non-ε groups, which were supported by gene structure analysis. The nine CitGF14s were located on five chromosomes, and none had duplication. Publicly available RNA-Seq raw data and microarray databases were mined for 14-3-3 expression profiles in different organs of citrus and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. RT-qPCR was used for further examining spatial expression patterns of CitGF14s in citrus and their temporal expressions in one-year-old C. sinensis "Xuegan" plants after being exposed to different biotic and abiotic stresses. The nine CitGF14s were expressed in eight different organs with some isoforms displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Six of the CitGF14s positively responded to citrus canker infection (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri). The CitGF14s showed expressional divergence after phytohormone application and abiotic stress treatments, suggesting that 14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitous regulators in C. sinensis. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, CitGF14a, b, c, d, g, and h were found to interact with CitGF14i proteins to form a heterodimer, while CitGF14i interacted with itself to form a homodimer. Further analysis of CitGF14s co-expression and potential interactors established a 14-3-3s protein interaction network. The established network identified 14-3-3 genes and several candidate clients which may play an important role in developmental regulation and stress responses in this important fruit crop. This is the first study of 14-3-3s in citrus, and the established network may help further investigation of the roles of 14-3-3s in response to abiotic and biotic constraints.

以刺葡萄红色愈伤组织为材料,研究不同浓度ALA处理对刺葡萄愈伤组织生物量及主要抗氧化物质(黄酮类化合物、原花青素和花色苷)积累量的影响,明确ALA与刺葡萄愈伤组织生长、主要抗氧化活性物质合成的相关性.结果表明:中低浓度(0.05～1.0 mg/L)ALA可促进刺葡萄愈伤组织生长,显著增加刺葡萄愈伤组织的生物量;同时,中低浓度ALA能显著增加刺葡萄细胞中黄酮类化合物、原花青素和花色苷的含量;高浓度(2.0～5.0 mg/L)ALA会抑制刺葡萄愈伤组织生长,并最终导致褐变死亡;刺葡萄愈伤组织主要抗氧化物质积累也存在显著的培养阶段差异,在ALA最适浓度0.05 mg/L时,刺葡萄细胞中黄酮类化合物含量最高可达272.48μg/g(培养45 d)、花色苷含量最高达107.24μg/g(培养35 d)、原花青素含量最高达1630.16μg/g(培养45 d).由结果可知,ALA可以定向调控刺葡萄愈伤组织细胞中主要抗氧化物质的生物合成.

本研究从转录水平和生化水平,阐明夜香树释香过程中萜类物质的变化规律和生物合成的分子机制,为夜香树萜类生物合成途径和夜香树花香基因工程的研究提供借鉴.结果 如下:(1)采用RT-PCR与RACE相结合的技术克隆并筛选了2个夜香树花香萜类物质代谢途径关键限速酶基因的全长cDNA,分析CnDXR和CnDXS1在花和叶中24 h内相对表达量变化规律,结果表明:在花中,2个基因的表达均具有一定的节律性,18:00后,花中2个基因相对表达量均呈现上升趋势,接近6:00时,相对表达量呈现下调趋势;在叶中,CnDXR相对表达量变化较小,CnDXS1夜间相对表达量总体高于白天.(2)利用己克隆的部分萜类代谢途径关键限速酶基因ORF区构建植物过表达载体,用农杆菌介导的叶盘法获得过表达k326植株,初步验证这些基因在萜类物质代谢中的功能:CnDXS1基因过表达植株叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素合成量偏低,CnDXR过表达烟草生长状况好于对照,叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素高于对照.

茉莉花茶在窨制过程中,通过吸附茉莉花散发的香气而形成其独特的香气品质,茉莉花的香气质量直接决定着茉莉花茶的品质.以双瓣茉莉花为供试材料,以白光为对照组,设置红光、蓝光为处理组,采用静态顶空-气相色谱/质谱(HS-GC/MS)技术分析茉莉花开放过程中香气成分,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测香气合成相关基因的表达量.结果显示,茉莉花主要香气成分是酯类、醇类、萜烯类化合物.红光和蓝光处理对茉莉花香气成分主要的类型无影响,其中红光可显著增加香气化合物的含量,而蓝光会抑制香气化合物的积累,红光和蓝光均可使一些化合物的释放高峰期提前.经过红光和蓝光分别处理后,茉莉花主要发生变化的香气物质包括水杨酸甲酯、乙酸苄酯、α-法呢烯、芳樟醇等化合物,且红光处理与蓝光处理相比较,前者的香气化合物含量增加的幅度明显高于后者.实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,萜类合成途径中相关酶基因的相对表达量在红光作用下均呈上升趋势,而在蓝光作用下的相对表达量的变化各异;苯丙烷类合成限速酶基因JsPAL在红光作用下表达量略有上升,而蓝光下,前期表达量下降后期上升,JsSAMT基因在红光和蓝光作用下均上调,但在红光中表现更显著.本研究从物质水平和分子水平分析红蓝光对茉莉花开放过程中香气成分的影响,可为茉莉花中香气物质的形成机理和开发利用等研究奠定基础.

以日本单头切花菊'白扇'无菌苗的带腋芽茎段为材料,选用2种二硝基苯胺类除草剂(二甲戊灵和氟乐灵)溶液在不同浓度和浸泡时间下进行诱导处理,并接种到生根培养基中诱导完整植株.通过早期突变形态、根尖细胞染色体计数、叶片气孔特征、农艺性状和开花的形态观察统计和对比,总结出除草剂对切花菊'白扇'无菌茎段的诱导效果.结果表明:200μmol/L二甲戊灵和200μmol/L氟乐灵分别浸泡36 h和24 h时诱导效果最佳,诱导率达25.00％和40.00％.经诱导的变异植株普遍染色体数增多,农艺性状变化明显.变异植株的叶片气孔和保卫细胞增大,气孔密度减小,株高和节间长度明显缩短,茎粗、叶长、叶宽显著增大,舌状花瓣形态出现多种明显变化且数量增多.