The application of selenium (Se) can promote the growth of potatoes and increase the Se content of potato tubers. Nitrogen (N) can promote nutrient absorption and potato yield. However, the effects of Se and N on the yield and Se content of potato tubers have not been reported. Field experiments were conducted in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Three N levels, i.e., 0 kg N ha−1 (N0), 150 kg N ha−1 (N1) and 200 kg N ha−1 (N2), and three Se levels, i.e., 0 g Se ha−1 (Se0), 500 g Se ha−1 (Se1) and 1000 g Se ha−1 (Se2), were set up. Potato yield, root dry weight, root activity, leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activity and Se content were investigated. N application increased root dry weight and activity, LAI, antioxidant enzymes activities, Se content and decreased MDA content. Pn, total potato yield and commercial potato yield first increased and then decreased with the increase in N application level. Se application increased root activity, Pn, antioxidant enzyme activities, total yield, commercial potato yield, commercial potato rate, Se content and decreased MDA content. In general, compared with the single application, the combination of N and Se fertilizers further promoted the growth of potatoes, increased the yield of potatoes and the Se content of potato pieces.

病毒病是限制我国马铃薯生产的重要因子之一.本研究通过引物设计和体系优化建立了一套多重RT-PCR检测方法,可以在一个反应体系中同时检测6种马铃薯病毒和1种马铃薯类病毒以及1个马铃薯内参基因,包括马铃薯 Y病毒(potato virus Y,PVY)、马铃薯 M 病毒(potato virus M,PVM)、马铃薯 S病毒(potato virus S,PVS)、马铃薯 X 病毒(potato virus X,PVX)、马铃薯 A 病毒(potato virus A,PVA)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(potato leaf curl virus,PLRV)、马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒(potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd)和细胞色素c氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cyto-chrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ,Cox Ⅰ)基因的特异片段,产物大小依次为 181、226、275、565、630、681、359、500 bp,符合理论预期.采用建立的方法以相应病毒和类病毒的质粒作模板进行检测,其检测灵敏度在1.6×10-3～1.8× 10-1 ng/μL.用该方法检测田间未知样品,结果与DAS-ELISA检测结果高度相符,同时PVY、PVM、PVS、PVX 4种病毒的检出率高于DAS-ELISA,表明该方法准确可靠,可用于以上马铃薯主要病毒和类病毒的快速检测.

Dormancy and reducing sugar content in tubers are important traits of potato and are typical quantitative traits. Deciphering the genetic basis of potato tuber dormancy and reducing sugar content is a prerequisite for improving the two traits. DorB5.3, a stable major dormancy QTL (quantitative trait locus) previously mapped across seven environments, has been found to co-localize with REC_B_05-1, a QTL controlling reducing sugar content in potato tubers. In order to determine whether DorB5.3 was a pleiotropic QTL or not, a conditional QTL mapping was carried out, and the results suggested that DorB5.3 and REC_B_05-1 were the same QTL, controlling the dormancy and reducing sugar content in potato tubers simultaneously. Conditional QTL mapping also uncovered three pairs of epistatic QTLs which were independent of the reducing sugar content and were significant for deciphering the genetic basis of dormancy. Five genes were picked out as putative causal genes controlling DorB5.3, according to the genome annotation and transcriptomic data. The pleiotropic DorB5.3 along with the negative correlation between the causal and resultant traits provided a possibility that potato breeders could prolong the dormancy period and scale back the reducing sugar content of potato tubers in one breeding program. The results of this study could pave a way for understanding the genetic basis of both dormancy and reducing sugar content in potato breeding programs.

Understanding the selenium tolerance of different sweet potato [Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill] is essential for simultaneously for breeding of new selenium-tolerant varieties and improving the selenium content in sweet potato. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted from February to April 2022 to evaluate the effect of sweet potato cultivars and selenium (Na2SeO3) concentrations (0-40 mg/L) on plant growth, physiological activities and plant selenium content distribution. The results showed that when the selenium concentration was more than 3 mg/L, the plant growth was significantly affected and the plant height and root length were significantly different compared to the control. While the selenium concentration was 20 and 40 mg/L had the greatest effect on plant growth when the number of internodes and leaves of the plant decreased, the root system stopped growing and the number of internodes of the plant, the number of leaves and the dry-to-fresh weight ratio of the plant a very significant level compared to reached control. The relative amount of chlorophyll in leaves under treatment with a selenium concentration of 1 mg/L was increased, and the relative amount of chlorophyll in 3 mg/L leaves gradually increased with the increase in the selenium concentration. The values of the maximum photochemical efficiency PSII (fv/fm) and the potential activity of PSII (fv/fo) compared to the control under treatment with 40 mg/L selenium concentration and photosynthesis of plants was inhibited. The selenium content in root, stem and leaf increased with the increase in selenium concentration, and the distribution of selenium content in the plant was leaf <stem <root, and the selenium content in root was significantly higher than that in stem and leaf. In summary, the appropriate concentration of selenium tolerance has been determined to be 3 mg/L. The aquatic culture identification method of selenium tolerance of sweet potatoes and growth indices of various selenium tolerant varieties (lines) established in this study will provide a technical basis for selenium tolerant cultivation and mechanism research.

在恩施种植马铃薯品种资源100份,调查及测定了36个质量性状和9个数量性状,并进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析,为选育适宜西南山区春种马铃薯新品种及生产利用提供参考.结果表明,质量性状中托叶形状、叶表面光泽度、叶缘、顶小叶形状、柱头长短、花冠大小、茎翼形状的遗传多样性指数为3.2189～3.9120,相比其他性状遗传多样性丰富;数量性状中株高、粗蛋白含量、产量等遗传多样性指数较高,均为4.6052.供试材料的株高、主茎粗、主茎数、还原糖含量均与产量呈极显著正相关,其他性状与产量呈正相关,但未达到显著水平.聚类分析结果表明,供试资源可分为6个类群,其中以Ⅴ、Ⅵ类群马铃薯品种数量最多,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群次之,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群最少,仅占总数的19％;相比其他类群,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群品种具有高产、植株高大、营养物质含量较高等特性,可作为选育西南山区春种高产优质马铃薯新品种的亲本材料.

以马铃薯新品种鄂马铃薯18为材料,采用3因素3水平正交设计,研究了种植密度、底肥和追肥对鄂马铃薯18农艺性状及产量的影响.结果表明,种植密度是马铃薯产量、株高、单株块茎数的主要影响因素,种植密度、底肥、追肥对马铃薯产量的影响程度表现为密度>追肥>底肥.9个处理中以种植密度60000株/hm2、底肥750 kg/hm2、追肥150 kg/hm2处理马铃薯产量最高,为33390.00 kg/hm2;分析发现,种植密度60000株/hm2、底肥600 kg/hm2、追肥150 kg/hm2处理可获得最高产量,是理论上最佳处理组合.

利用组培技术,以凤头姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe cv.Fengtoujiang)茎尖为外植体,采用不同激素组合,筛选最佳培养基配方,构建凤头姜脱毒快繁体系.结果表明,MS+6-BA(1.5 mg/L)+NAA(0.1 mg/L)培养基对愈伤组织及茎尖成活率的影响最佳;MS+6-BA(2.0 mg/L)+KT(0.1 mg/L)培养基诱导愈伤组织形成的丛生芽多,且粗壮.MS+6-BA(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.3 mg/L)培养基不仅对根的分化最有效,还能促进分蘖及成苗,大大提高了繁殖系数.

2018年在湖北省恩施市进行彩色马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）新品种（系）比较试验,以黑美人品种为对照,对8个新品种（系）的主要农艺性状、抗病性、花青素含量及营养物质含量进行对比分析评价。结果表明,新品系11AO52-58、11AO54-3、13AO2-3的产量、营养物质含量、植株抗病性等综合性状表现较好,可在恩施州高山及二高山地区进行多点生产试验和示范种植。新品系11AO54-31花青素含量高达92.2 mg/100 g,可作为高花青素含量品种选育的亲本加以利用。

为确定油菜适宜的施硒方式和筛选具备富硒低镉或低铅能力的优势油菜品种,在大田条件下采用播前底施活化硒矿粉(XK)、始花期叶面喷施硒叶面肥(XY)、播前底施活化硒矿粉+始花期追施硒叶面肥(XKY)对6个油菜品种进行处理,研究了不同施硒方式对油菜生长、产量以及籽粒硒、镉、铅含量的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,XY、XKY处理油菜株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值、产量增加.其中,产量分别增加3.88％、2.17％;施用硒叶面肥第21天,XY、XKY处理叶片SPAD值分别较CK和XK处理提高9.86％、7.38％和8.42％、5.97％.与CK相比,XK、XY、XKY处理油菜籽粒硒含量分别显著增加61.64％、253.42％、289.04％,籽粒镉含量分别降低9.24％、5.88％、12.61％,但籽粒铅累积量变化较小;楚油杂79在3种硒肥处理下的平均籽粒硒含量较CK增加182.40％,平均籽粒镉含量降低10.64％.综上,3种施硒方式中,XKY处理提高油菜籽粒硒含量且降低籽粒镉含量效果最佳,可应用于油菜富硒生产;在XY和XKY处理下,楚油杂79籽粒能较好地吸收硒肥且镉积累量较低,是具备富硒低镉潜力的优势良种.

对7个小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种(系)施用硒叶面肥,以空白为对照,探讨硒叶面肥对小麦农艺性状、产量和籽粒硒含量的影响.结果表明:①施用硒叶面肥对小麦结实率的影响显著(F=.15> F0.05); ②施用硒叶面肥对小麦产量影响不显著(F=3.84< F0.05).施用硒叶面肥后小麦单产均值为311.82kg/667m2,比对照增加4.2%; ③施用硒叶面肥可以增加小麦籽粒的硒含量,施用硒叶面肥后小麦籽粒的平均硒含量为0.316mg/kg,比对照增加0.263mg/kg.鄂麦18、鄂麦596对硒的吸收能力较强,籽粒硒含量分别达到0.487、0.357mg/kg;鄂麦398对硒的吸收能力较差,籽粒硒含量仅为0.195mg/kg.

To elucidate the relationship between agronomic traits and Se/Cd contents of rapeseeds, we conducted randomized block tests with 6 varieties of rapeseed (30 g/hm2 foliar Se fertilizer). With the response relationship between agronomic traits and Se fertilizer of rapeseed as a template, the effects of foliar Se fertilization on the primary branch number, secondary branch number, rapeseed yield, rapeseed Se content, and grain Cd content were analyzed to find out the differences among cultivars in response to Se application. This study was aimed to actively promote the search for Se-sensitive rape, screen Se advantage in the future, and provide reference for rational and effective use of Se resources into rapeseed varieties. Least significant difference analysis of variance model was used to scrape out the average Se content of 518 seeds of Deye Oil 0.248 mg/kg, The potential for Se enrichment was strong, and it was expected to become a typical variety of Cd-tolerant rapeseeds. Seeds of Huayouza 9 made maximum use of exogenous Se under relatively low Se content (0.298 mg/kg). The soil Se content was lower for the main varieties of planted areas. The Cd accumulation of Huiyouzaoxian 6815 was weak and did not change much when the leaves were sprayed with 30 g/hm2 Se, which could be used as a favorable material for Se-rich and low-Cd production.

Photosynthesis provides food and energy for all organisms on Earth, but their genetic basis particularly in rice panicle is unknown. In this study, the characterization of GZ-wp, a new rice white panicle mutant from the progeny of indica thermosensitive genic male sterile line Guangzhan 63-4S (GZ63-4S) with seeds treated by ethylmethane sulfonate was described. The results showed white panicle at heading stage and normal phenotype in other organs at whole developing stages, and some yield related traits decreased. Chlorophyll content accumulation reduced in GZ-wp. Transmission electron microscopy analysis suggested normal chloroplast structure but decreased chloroplast numbers. Genetic analysis indicated the white panicle was controlled by two independent recessive nuclear genes with duplicated effect, designed as wp5 and wp6. Finally, wp5 and wp6 were fine mapped to 211 kb and 175 kb regions on chromosome 1 and 7, respectively. The present results will facilitate the cloning of these two genes and help in understanding the genetic basis of chloroplast development in rice panicle. (C) 2018 Friends Science Publishers

对6个油菜品种施用30g/hm2的硒叶面肥,以空白为对照,探讨了硒叶面肥对油菜农艺性状、产量及籽粒硒含量的影响.结果表明:①硒叶面肥对油菜农艺性状有一定影响,对油菜二次分枝角果数的影响显著,施用硒叶面肥与品种互作对油菜二次分枝角果数的影响显著;②施用硒叶面肥对油菜产量的影响差异不显著,但有增产趋势,施用硒叶面肥的油菜单产均值为199.64kg/667m2,比对照增加了6.8％;③施用硒叶面肥可以增加油菜籽粒的硒含量,施用硒叶面肥的油菜籽粒平均硒含量为0.2605mg/kg,比对照增加了0.1875mg/kg,在供试品种中,楚油杂79吸收能力最好(0.297mg/kg),华油杂9号次之(0.257mg/kg),惠油杂6815、德新油53的吸收利用能力较差,籽粒硒含量分别为0.207mg/kg、0.236mg/kg.

对杂交中稻丰两优香1号进行播期、栽插密度、施N量和水分的正交试验,探讨不同栽培因素组合对杂交中稻生育期、主要经济性状及产量的影响.结果表明,播期对生育期的影响显著(F=28>F0.05=19.00),在试验水平范围内,随着播期的推迟,其生育期逐渐缩短,施N量、水分和栽插密度对生育期的影响均不显著;N肥施用量、播期是影响水稻产量的关键性因子,对产量的影响分别表现为极显著F=127.3529>F0.01和显著(F=62.8117>F0.05).丰两优香1号高产栽培的最佳组合为A2B2C3D1.