Spike length (SL) is a crucial factor influencing yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between Guixie 3 and Avocet S was utilized for genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling spike length. The results identified a total of 15 QTL distributed on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 4B, 5A, 5D, 6 A, 6B, and 6D. Among these, QSL.gaas-4B was mapped to a physical interval of 25.84–29.20 Mb (3.35 Mb) on chromosome 4B (Reference genome: Chinese Spring v2.1), which was detected across two environments (2023HB, 2024HB) and explained 18.09

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a global detrimental disease affecting wheat production. While Guixie 3 shows strong resistance to FHB, its resistance mechanism is not well understood. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the genetic basis of disease resistance in Guixie 3 and identify new genetic resources for FHB resistance in wheat. The study used an F2:7 recombinant inbred line population developed by crossing Avocet S with Guixie 3. FHB resistance was phenotypically evaluated across 2 years and two locations (i.e., four environments) after single-floret inoculation, and it was genetically mapped using the wheat 55 K single-nucleotide polymorphism array. A total of 15 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance were detected on chromosomes 1D (2), 2A (2), 2B (3), 2D.1 (2), 3B (1), 4A (1), 4B (1), 4D (1), 5A (1), and 5B.2 (1). Notably, a QTL on chromosome 2D.1, designated as Qfhb.gaas.2D.1–1, was consistently detected in two environments. This QTL spanned the interval AX-86163393 to AX-110072786, with a genetic interval of 45.12–46.51 cM and a physical interval of 35.68–37.04 Mb (1.36 Mb). It explained 14.07–33.00

Plant height (PH) and flag leaf (FL) are two crucial agronomic traits for crop yield. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from ‘Mian 96-5’ (M96-5) and ‘Guixie 3’ (GX3) was investigated in five environments to study PH and FL characteristics in Chinese southwest wheat. Eight QTLs related to PH were detected on five chromosomes 1D (1), 2D (1), 4B (2), 4D (2), and 5A (2). Of these, Qph.gaas.2D explained phenotypic variance (PVE) of 22.40% , Qph.gaas.4B.1 ( PVE = 21.92% ), Qph.gaas.4D.1 ( PVE = 12.29% ), and Qph.gaas.4D.2 ( PVE = 13.69% ), which were consistent with known Rht8 , Rht-B1 , and Rht-D1 loci, respectively. The other four QTLs about PH, namely Qph.gaas.1D (212.50–258.36 Mb), Qph.gaas.4B.2 (643.50–646.67 Mb), Qph.gaas.5A.1 (515.06–523.07 Mb), and Qph.gaas.5A.2 (523.07–528.26 Mb), were novel QTLs for reduced wheat PH. Five, four, and five QTLs were related to length, width, and area of flag leaf. Among them, a major QTL ( Qfll.gaas.2D , 15.79 ~ 37.04 Mb) was detected on chromosome 2D, where six candidate genes related to the photo-respiration stage of photosynthesis were found. Two important regions on chromosome 4B (25.83 ~ 29.20 Mb and 32.96 ~ 35.63 Mb) were related to the length, width and area of flag leaf at multi-environments, and including genes related to programmed cell death and metabolic regulation of gibberellin in the wheat grain-filling stages. These QTLs would be useful in further studies for decreasing plant height, providing theoretical support for the improvement of wheat plant type and boosting grain yield through pyramiding breeding.

贵州气候温暖湿润,容易发生小麦病害.因此选育推广抗病小麦品种,对贵州小麦安全生产至关重要.为明确75份贵州小麦品种(系)中所含抗病基因,本研究运用KASP标记技术对供试材料中所含叶锈病抗病基因(Lr14a、Lr46、Lr68、Lr34)、白粉病抗病基因(Pm21)、赤霉病抗病基因(Fhb1)进行检测.结果表明:含有Lr14a的品种(系)共24份,占32.0％;含有Lr46的品种(系)共14份,占18.7％;含有Lr68的品种(系)共3份,占4.0％;含有Lr34的品种(系)共5份,占6.7％;含有Pm21的品种(系)共65份,占86.7％;未检测到含有Fhb1的品种(系);同时含有叶锈病、白粉病抗病基因的小麦品种(系)共计26份材料,占34.7％.本研究结果可为贵州小麦抗病育种亲本材料的应用提供参考.

赤霉病和条锈病是小麦的两种主要病害,两种病害都会影响小麦的品质和产量.贵协2号高抗条锈病、感赤霉病,NMAS22高抗赤霉病并携带4个抗赤霉病基因.为选育抗赤霉病、抗条锈病的品种,本研究将贵协2号与NMAS22组配,在其分离世代(F2)采用自然诱发法、单花滴注法分别对条锈病和赤霉病进行抗性鉴定,同时利用与抗赤霉病基因Fhb1、Fhb2、Fhb4、Fhb5紧密连锁的6个分子标记对群体中条锈病抗病株进行检测,筛选具有单个或多个抗赤霉病基因组合的抗病株.抗性鉴定显示,共有349个单株抗条锈病,467个单株抗赤霉病;分子检测显示,携带Fhb1、Fhb2、Fhb4、Fhb5基因的单株分别有201,245,248,194株,同时携带有2,3,4个基因的单株分别有79,140,85株.相关分析显示,携带Fhb1基因与赤霉病抗性呈极显著相关.

单株粒重是影响藜麦产量的关键因素之一.为了解藜麦单株粒重形成的遗传基础,鉴定控制藜麦单株粒重变异的遗传区段,本研究以单株粒重差异较大的两个亲本构建的 120 份双亲分离群体为材料,基于 GBS测序和表型鉴定结果,利用完备区间作图法鉴定控制藜麦单株粒重变异的 QTL.结果定位到 7 个控制藜麦单株粒重的 QTL,分别位于第 3 条染色体的qSPW3-1、qSPW3-2,第 4 条染色体的qSPW4,第 5 条染色体的qSPW5,第 7 条染色体的qSPW7-1、qSPW7-2,第 12条染色体的qSPW12;单个 QTL可解释 6.09%～10.17%的表型变异,QTL的变幅为 10.54～401.86 kb.

Development of cultivars with multiple resistances has proven to be an effective way to prevent diseases in wheat breeding. The Guixie 3 variety (GX3) has shown excellent performance in resistance to stripe rust in field for many years. The purpose of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to stripe rust in the adult plant stage and determine closely linked molecular markers. A population of recombinant inbred lines (n = 228) was derived from a cross between the susceptible landrace Mian 96-5 (M96-5) and GX3 variety and evaluated in multiple field studies, and QTL analysis enabled to elucidate genetic architecture of wheat resistance to stripe rust. A total of 19 QTL for stripe rust resistance were mapped on 12 chromosomes using phenotypic data from multiple field tests over the course of 6 years. These chromosomes included 1B (2), 1D (2), 2A (2), 2B (2), 2D (1), 4B (2), 4D (1), 5A (3), 5B (1), 6A (1), 6B (1), and 7B (1). Two stable QTL on chromosomes 2AS (Qyr.gaas.2A) and 6AL (Qyr.gaas.6A) were detected in six and five different environments, respectively; in both QTL, positive allele was contributed by GX3 variety. Qyr.gaas.2A was found to be crucial for increasing adult plant resistance, which may explain the large phenotypic variation of 45.52%. Our results provide theoretical and molecular insight for wheat breeding and suggest the cloning of genes associated with the GX3 variety may be beneficial in future studies.

探明藜麦在贵州的适宜种植密度,为贵州藜麦的高效栽培及推广种植提供理论依据,选用藜麦品系QL1与QL2作为试验材料,进行6670株/667m2、5336株/667m2、4447株/667m2、3811株/667m2不同种植密度水平对藜麦产量和千粒重的影响试验.结果表明:千粒重QL1表现为3811株/667m2>5336株/667m2>4447株/667m2>6670株/667m2,QL2表现为5336株/667m2>3811株/667m2>4447株/667m2>6670株/667m2.产量QL1、QL2均表现为5336株/667m2>6670株/667m2>4447株/667m2>3811株/667m2.5336株/667m2种植密度下QL1、QL2千粒重分别为2.49 g、2.72 g;产量最高,分别为122.45 kg/667m2、117.59 kg/667m2,5336株/667m2可作贵州藜麦种植的适宜密度推广.

本研究以优异矮源石矮2号和高抗条锈病与白粉病品种09107 F6杂交,分子标记检测F2代中矮秆基因的种类、导入率、降秆效应及其抗病性.结果表明,在F2代120份小麦株系中含有3个矮秆基因(Rht-B1b、Rht4、Rht8),其中Rht-B1b基因占69.2％,Rht4基因占78.3％,Rht8基因占34.2％,平均株高56 cm;F2代植株中兼抗白粉病和条锈病的占34.1％.创制的F2代抗病性好,含3个矮秆基因的小麦新种质资源将为新品种的育成及推广提供重要中间种质材料.

为筛选出适宜贵州生产的藜麦品种(系)提供种质资源,以引种的8份藜麦品种(系)(陇藜1号、陇藜2号、陇藜3号、青藜1号、青藜2号、青藜3号、红藜麦、白藜麦)和贵州省旱粮研究所自育的2份藜麦品系(LM15、LM1)作为试验材料,分析不同藜麦品种(系)的产量和千粒重差异.结果表明:在10份藜麦品种(系)中,千粒重白藜麦最高,达3.02 g;红藜麦、青藜1号和LM15其次,在2.6 g以上;其余品种(系)低于2.6 g.产量陇藜1号最高,达108 kg/667m2;LM15其次,为91 kg/667m2;LM1第三,为70 kg/667m2;其余品种(系)低于70 kg/667m2.陇藜1号和LM15的产量远高于其他参试品种(系),且籽粒较大,在贵阳具有较好的适应性,可以作为推广示范品种(系),同时可以作为贵州藜麦选育的优质种质资源.

为筛选小麦磷高效基因型,指导田间有效施肥,节约农业生产成本,对西南麦作区24个小麦基因型在2种磷素水平下进行了磷素高效基因型的筛选.结果表明,基因型间对磷素的吸收利用能力存在差异,典型的无磷高效型品种:川麦104、川麦42、内麦836、安97-12;低磷高效型品种:SW 1747、渝1734、川麦42、绵16 Z 36、17 P 2-5,其中川麦42、川麦104等在低磷胁迫下根系依然表现出较强的增生能力,对于高效利用磷素提供条件.此次筛选结果与田间表现比较一致,在一定程度上可用于小麦育种研究与指导农业生产.

了解藜麦种质资源的遗传多样性,为藜麦在贵州有效推广、种植、应用,并通过杂交手段创建藜麦新种质.试验以国内外收集到的96份藜麦种质作为试验群体,种植于大田,采用CTAB法提取96份材料的基因组DNA,再利用筛选出的18对多态性SSR标记对藜麦基因组相应的位点进行扩增,扩增产物用PAGE检测.结果表明,18对多态性的SSR引物,共检测出192个等位基因条带,每一对多态性SSR引物的等位基因数为3～21个,平均等位基因数为10.7个.96份藜麦材料遗传相似系数范围为0.599～0.980,平均值为0.7895.UPGMA聚类分析显示,在距离为0.752处可将96份藜麦材料分为五类.本研究中藜麦种质农艺性状方面存在着丰富的变异类型,选用的藜麦SSR标记在供试材料中具有较好的多态性,通过聚类分析可将材料按选系类型、来源地区、农艺性状等划分为不同的类群或亚类群.

通过设置免耕撒播、浅旋撒播、浅旋条播等3个处理,研究不同耕作方式对黔麦21号产量的影响.结果表明,3个处理产量差异没有达到显著水平.因此,在小麦净作的情况下,黔麦21号可根据实际情况采用免耕撒播或浅旋撒播的方式进行大田生产.

Development of cultivars with multiple resistances has proven to be an effective way to prevent diseases in wheat breeding. The Guixie 3 variety (GX3) has shown excellent performance in resistance to stripe rust in field for many years. The purpose of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to stripe rust in the adult plant stage and determine closely linked molecular markers. A population of recombinant inbred lines (n=228) was derived from a cross between the susceptible landrace Mian 96-5 (M96-5) and GX3 variety and evaluated in multiple field studies to elucidate genetic resistance by identifying QTL specifically for stripe rust resistance. A total of 19 QTL located on 12 chromosomes showed resistance to wheat stripe rust when studying phenotypic data from multiple field tests over the course of six years. These chromosomes included 1B (2), 1D (2), 2A (2), 2B (2), 2D (1), 4B (2), 4D (1), 5A (3), 5B (1), 6A (1), 6B (1), and 7B (1). Two stable QTL on chromosomes 2AS ( Qyr.gaas.2AS ) and 6AS ( Qyr.gaas.6AS ) were detected in six and five different environments, respectively; both QTL were derived from the GX3 variety. Qyr.gaas.2AS was found to be crucial for increasing adult plant resistance, which may explain the large phenotypic variation of 45.52%. Our results provide theoretical and molecular insight for wheat breeding and suggest the cloning of genes associated with the GX3 variety may be beneficial in future studies.

黔麦21号系贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所于2017年育成的小麦品种(黔审麦2017002号),该品种常年湿面筋含量在28％左右,蛋白质含量在12％左右,属优质弱筋小麦品种.该品种也属软质小麦,经检测,粉质率达90％以上,可作为优良的酿酒小麦发酵原料.

Wheat stripe rust can cause considerable yield losses, and genetic resistance is the most effective approach for controlling the disease. To identify the genomic regions responsible for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) resistance in a set of winter wheat strains mainly from southwestern China, and to identify DNA markers in these regions, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 120 China winter wheat accessions using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 90K wheat SNP arrays. In total, 16 SNP loci were significantly associated with wheat stripe rust in field and greenhouse trials. Of these, three distinctive SNPs on chromosomes 1B, 4A, and 6A were identified at a site in Mianyang in 2014, where the most prevalent wheat stripe rust races since 2009 have been V26 (G22-9, G22-14). This suggests that the three SNP loci were linked to the new quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes resistant to the V26 races. Germplasm with immunity to Pst is a good source of stripe rust resistance for breeding, and after further validation, SNPs closely linked to resistance QTLs/genes could be converted into user-friendly markers and facilitate marker-assisted selection to improve wheat stripe rust resistance.

为筛选氮高效基因型小麦,指导田间有效施肥,节约农业生产成本,对西南麦作区24个小麦基因型在3种氮素水平下进行了氮素高效基因型的筛选.结果表明,基因型间对氮素的吸收利用能力存在差异,典型的高氮高效型品种为SW 1747;低氮高效型品种为2017 TP 506、川麦42、蜀麦1763和云麦56;适应广的氮高效材料为黔麦20.初步分析出穗长和经济系数等农艺性状可作为西南片区良种筛选的依据.此次筛选结果与田间表现比较一致,在一定程度上可用于小麦育种研究和指导农业生产.

小麦穗发芽使小麦的产量大幅度降低,严重影响小麦的加工品质,而西南麦区一直是小麦穗发芽的重发区.为了在历史小麦品种(系)中鉴定出抗穗发芽的种质材料,本研究以来自西南麦区的87份小麦主推品种及后备品系为研究材料,利用PM19、Vp1B3两种抗穗发芽候选基因进行分子标记,为抗穗发芽育种提供种质资源.结果表明,在87份小麦中有4份含有PM-19A1a基因,分别是科成4号、兴0217、蜀麦1763、SW 1747;有9份含有Vp-1Bb基因,分别是黔麦0504、16092、绵麦303、内麦366、川麦604、BL 5002、BL 6007、2017 P 4-2、SW 1747.

黔麦22号系贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所于2017年育成的小麦品种(黔审麦2017003号),该品种常年湿面筋含量在27％左右,蛋白质含量在12％左右,属优质弱筋小麦品种,该小麦品种生产的面粉可作为糕点的优良原料.

利用与Lr34、Lr26、Yr26紧密连锁的分子标记对F2～F4世代共337份单株进行分子标记筛选.结果表明,含Lr34连锁标记的单株有10株,含Lr26连锁标记的有93株,含Yr26连锁标记137株.同时含有3种抗病基因连锁标记的有1株.