明确塔基土壤理化性质对地表植被恢复的影响对山区输变电工程水土流失的有效治理具有重要的意义.以福建三明丘陵区不同植被覆盖度的塔基水土流失斑为研究对象,通过植被覆盖与土壤理化性质的对比研究,探讨影响塔基水土流失斑植被恢复的主要土壤特性.结果表明:塔基土壤中的速效磷含量、速效钾元素含量、pH以及物理性黏粒含量与植被覆盖度之间不存在显著的线性相关关系,因而不是影响塔基水土流失斑植被恢复的主要因素.塔基土壤的有机质与植被覆盖度间存在显著的正相关关系,并且代表本底状况下层土的有机质含量与植被覆盖度的相关系数更高,表明塔基土壤的有机质主要不是来源于上覆植被.土壤有机质含量是塔基区水土流失斑植被恢复起始阶段的关键影响因素,而植被恢复程度的增加又会逐渐增加土壤的有机质含量,形成良性循环.

可持续发展涉及使用作为传统材料替代品的可持续材料,以避免自然资源的过度消耗.植物纤维作为一种天然绿色材料,由于其在复合材料中的潜在应用价值,正逐步受到建筑领域研究人员的关注.为促进天然植物纤维复合材料的发展,该文在分析天然植物纤维材料特性的基础上,基于天然植物纤维复合材料所发挥的抗裂增韧、内养护以及保温节能等作用,综合评述了植物纤维水泥基复合材料在建筑工程中的应用,希望对新型建筑材料的发展和应用提供一定的参考.

Soil erosion monitoring in coastal mountainous areas is very important during the construction of Elec-tric-Transmission-Line(ETL)because of the impact this disturbance has on the sensitive environment.In this study,high-resolution remote sensing data and deep learning models including Dense and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)were used to fit the popular soil erosion equation,which is called the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE),for the Min-Yue ETL(in Fujian).The accuracy of soil erosion regression was then evaluated in the transmission line buffer area and sampling spots at two spatial scales in order to obtain the optimized parameters and a suitable model.The results show that the Dense and LSTM models can meet the accuracy requirements by using 10 characteristic values,including soil erodibility,annual rainfall,mountain vegetation index(NDMVI),DEM,slope,four bands gray values of high-spectral image,construction attributes.The optimized parameters for the priority machine-learning model LSTM are as follows:the layer depth is 3,the layer capacity is 512,the dropout ra-tio is 0.1,and the epoch of the LSTM model is 7060.The regression accuracy of the LSTM model decreases with an increase in soil erosion levels,and the average regression accuracy is greater than 0.98 for the slight level of soil erosion.Therefore,the machine-learning model of LSTM can be applied for quickly monitoring the soil erosion us-ing high resolution remote sensing data.

为了探究羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)对宽叶雀稗生长和固土能力的影响,以南方地区常见的粉质黏土为研究对象,探究不同CMC含量对土的抗剪强度以及宽叶雀稗的生长高度、根系长度和固土能力的影响.试验结果表明,添加CMC会导致土颗粒聚集,从而使土中大颗粒比例增加,进而增加土壤的不均匀性.在CMC含量较低时,宽叶雀稗的发芽率、生长高度和根系长度达到最高值,随着CMC含量的增加而逐渐减小.在力学特性方面,土的抗剪强度随着CMC含量的增加而得到一定程度的提高,而CMC含量0.5%、1.5%、1.5%时宽野雀稗抗拉拔能力最好.施用少量的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)可促进宽叶雀稗的生长和固土能力,其含量为0.5%时为最优含量.

Ecological security and ecological security pattern are hot topics in regional ecological protection research, and the environmental impact assessment of power transmission line project, which is relatively insufficient to consider ecological security. This paper takes the area of Fujian-Guangdong linkage project（Fujian section） as an example, and adopts morphological spatial pattern analysis（MSPA）, minimum cumulative resistance（MCR） model and gravity model to obtain the regional “source-corridor-node” ecological safety pattern. The ecological security pattern of “source-corridor-node” is obtained by using morphological spatial pattern analysis（MSPA）, minimum cumulative resistance（MCR） model and gravity model, and finally the ecological security impact of power transmission project construction is obtained. The results show that, in 2020 and 2021, the ecological source areas in the study area accounted for 47.29% and 40.16% of the regional area, respectively, and the ecological source areas are concentrated in the central and western parts of the study area. There are 21 important ecological corridors with an overall spatial distribution of triangle; four ecological safety protection areas are distributed in the study area, for Damao mountain, Fengtou reservoir, Gaofeng valley and Egret forest park, among which Damao mountain and Egret forest park have a large proportion of ecological “source-corridor-node”. In 2020 and 2021, 3 ecological nodes, 52.09 and 58.46 km of ecological corridors, 185.63 and 154.42 km~2 of ecological source areas are involved in the 2 km ecological impact zone of Fujian-Guangdong linkage line, respectively. The results of the study clarify the key ecological security protection zone of Fujian-Guangdong linkage project（Fujian section） and provide a scientific basis for formulating ecological protection measures.

为科学治理典型红壤区输变电工程堆积体水土流失问题,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,设计了雨强(2、2.5、3 mm/min)和坡度(10°、15°)2个处理方式,研究了红壤堆积体坡面土壤侵蚀过程,分析了雨强、坡度、侵蚀产沙特征以及细沟形态特征参数(密度、割裂度、复杂度和宽深比)之间的关系.结果表明:不同雨强红壤堆积体坡面产流量随降雨历时的增加而增大,入渗率和输沙量随降雨历时的增加呈减小趋势;细沟密度、细沟割裂度、细沟复杂度和细沟宽深比分别为0.77～1.35 m/m2、0.04～0.08、0.93～1.40、1.01～2.39;细沟宽深比随着雨强和坡度的增大而减小,细沟密度、割裂度以及复杂度的变化与之相反.细沟形态特性指标与坡面侵蚀速率之间的相关性排序为:细沟复杂度＞细沟割裂度＞细沟密度＞细沟宽深比.研究成果可为典型红壤区输变电工程水土流失防治提供技术参数和依据.

基于目前地表径流所产生泥沙的在线监测效率与检测准确率低的情况,基于GPRS通信开发了地表径流泥沙在线监测系统.该系统设计分为硬件与软件两部分环境,硬件环境主要设计了采集器、控制器、传输器和监测器四大模块;软件环境针对GPRS通信技术的特点,设计了系统在线监测流程.通过二者的结合与实际应用场景的分析得出,该系统径流泥沙含量数据值与实际值仅相差0.2 kg/m3,且数据较为稳定,由此可知该系统具有更高的时效性与稳定性.