Metal ion-enzyme tandem systems hold immense potential for biocatalysis, environmental remediation, and medical therapy, yet their development is hindered by inherent incompatibility, low ion concentration, and spatial distance barriers between metal ions and enzyme, limiting the maximization of metal ion catalytic potential. Here, we developed a convenient one-step doping strategy to achieve spatial separation of high concentration metal ions and enzymes within single metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Catalytically active metal ions partially replace MOF sites through ligand coordination, while enzymes are in-situ encapsulated (enzyme@M-MOFs), maintaining structural integrity and enhancing stability. This design enables efficient chem-bio tandem reactions by preventing mutual inactivation and accelerating reaction rates due to distance shortening between metal ions and enzymes. The enzyme@M-MOFs exhibit good therapeutic effect in diabetic wound healing, establishing a new paradigm for catalytic medicine applications. The strategy's versatility is demonstrated by its successful application with a range of metal ions (Fe2+, Mg2+, Cd2+& mldr;) as catalysts or enzyme promoters. By transforming incompatible systems into compatible tandem platforms, this work offers a universal approach for efficient chemical-enzyme tandem catalysis, unlocking novel possibilities in biocatalysis and beyond.

This study systematically investigated the effect of varying tantalum (Ta) contents (0, 25, 50, and 75 wt%) on the printability, microstructure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of titanium-tantalum (Ti-Ta) alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The LPBF process enabled the in situ alloying of Ti and Ta powders, achieving moderate relative density and acceptable dimensional accuracy by regulating scanning speed. Distinct from the homogeneous microstructure of commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti), the Ti‑Ta alloys exhibited a heterogeneous microstructure containing unmelted Ta that served versatile roles. Compared with CP‑Ti, Ti‑25Ta exhibited significant improvements in printability and mechanical compatibility, but only limited improvement in biocompatibility. Ti-75Ta showed superior biocompatibility yet suffered from compromised printability, mechanical compatibility, and microstructural tunability. Notably, Ti‑50Ta achieved an optimal balance of key properties, including printability, microstructural tunability, mechanical compatibility, in vitro biocompatibility, and in vivo osseointegration. These comprehensive properties demonstrated its significant clinical potential for orthopedic implant applications.

This work investigated the deep dehydration process of ethanol solvent by vapor permeation technique of hollow fiber supported NaA zeolite membrane using the combined operations of N-2 sweeping and vacuum suction. The results indicated sweeping gas plays a dominant role in the deep dehydration of ethanol. Compared with the case without any sweeping (under an operation temperature of 100 degrees C and a feeding liquid flow rate of 30 mL.min(-1)), the N-2 sweeping with a flow rate of 60 mL.min(-1) could promote the membrane dehydration efficiency by several folds, where the production efficiency was enhanced by 43% to obtain the ethanol with ultra-low water content of 0.04%. For a higher operation temperature of 120 degrees C, the water content in ethanol could be further reduced to 0.068% when the feeding liquid flow rate increased to 50 mL.min(-1), where the harvest percentage was high up to 99.86%.

The residual stress of S316L/Q345R stainless steel clad plate welded joints was investigated both before and after post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), employing simulations, X-ray diffraction and hole drilling strain-gauge method, the macroscopic and microscopic, along with stress corrosion resistance test. The findings reveal that residual stress is primarily concentrated near the fusion boundary and in the transition zone, with higher stress observed in the cladding layer compared to the base layer. During as-welded and PWHT, the X-ray diffraction and hole drilling strain-gauge method exhibited errors of 28.24

Enzymes, as natural biocatalysts, offer significant advantages, including high efficiency and substrate specificity, making them widely applicable in medicine, biology, agriculture, and food processing. However, their inherent structural instability often leads to deactivation under harsh conditions, such as elevated temperature, high pressure, extreme pH, or organic solvents. Additionally, difficulties in recovery and low reusability further limit their practical applications. To overcome these limitations, developing effective strategies to enhance enzyme activity and stability is of critical importance. Mechanical forces, applied through methods such as ultrasound, shear, or stretching, can modulate enzyme conformations and optimize substrate binding sites, thereby significantly boosting the catalytic performance while avoiding deactivation under adverse conditions. Furthermore, mechanical force-assisted encapsulation of enzymes within porous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and porous silicon, creates a protective microenvironment that enhances stability and broadens application prospects. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the mechanical regulation of enzyme activity and discusses progress in the mechanoassisted encapsulation of enzymes in porous matrices. Finally, we address current challenges in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the mechanochemical regulation of enzyme conformation and activity, scaling up enzyme@porous material systems, and optimizing material-enzyme interfacial interactions, offering perspectives for future research.

Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) microparticles reinforced Ni-Cr-Al coatings were prepared on the surfaces of Q345R steel substrates using the laser cladding method. The c-BN particles were retained in the coating through mechanical alloying and subsequent laser treatment at low heat inputs. The effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the coating were investigated. The results showed that the surface roughness, thickness and uniformity of the coating were improved with the increase in laser scanning speed. The coatings were alloyed and new phases such as AlNi, AlCr2B2, Cr5B3, Al2O3 and h-BN formed during the laser treatment. At a laser scanning speed of 100 mm/s, the composite structure of the coating became more uniform and dense. The coating exhibited the lowest corrosion potential and corrosion current density, as well as the highest charge transfer resistance and microhardness compared to coatings synthesized at other parameters. The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of dense passivation films, which were associated with the more uniformly distributed c-BN reinforcement particles. The highest microhardness value of the coating reached approximately 900 HV0.05. In general, the as-synthesized coating had the potential to improve the surface corrosion resistance and significantly enhance the surface microhardness of the steel substrates.

To explore the ablation behavior of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites in extreme environments, a comparative investigation was conducted under oxyacetylene, plasma, and plasma-solid particle erosion. Results showed the composites remained intact and exhibited good long-term oxyacetylene ablation resistance. This was attributed to the predominance of thermochemical ablation under such oxygen-enriched conditions, which facilitated the formation of a ZrO2-SiO2 multilayer barrier to oxygen. Mechanical erosion became dominant for plasma and plasma-solid particle environments characterized by low oxygen content and intense scouring, degrading the ablation performance due to the cracking and spalling of surface oxides under the erosion of air flow and particles.

With the advancement of multi-target detection technology, radar-wave-infrared-compatible stealth coatings have emerged as crucial materials. To overcome the challenges associated with poor radar-wave-infrared stealth performance in harsh high-temperature environments, FeCoNiCrAl/AlN composite coatings with pomegranate bionic structures were designed and fabricated by laser cladding. Laser-induced FeCoNiCrAl / AlN generates TiN phase in situ in the molten pool and drives TiN to tightly stack around AlN through Marangoni convection, thereby self-assembling to form an AlN-TiN core-shell structure. Modifying the FeCoNiCrAl/AlN mass ratio substantially influences the heterogeneous interfacial polarization between metal and ceramic phases, thereby effectively regulating the coating's electromagnetic (EM) wave response. When the FeCoNiCrAl/AlN mass ratio is optimized to 8:2, the coating demonstrates excellent high-temperature radar wave and infrared (IR) stealth compatibility. With a coating thickness of 2 mm, it achieves a reflection loss (RL) of-15.1 dB at 14.75 GHz and a IR emissivity of 0.28 in the 3-5 mu m range. The material maintains stable performance at elevated temperatures of 500 degrees C and 700 degrees C, with RL values of-11 dB and-10 dB, and IR emissivity of 0.33 and 0.328, respectively. The laser-induced melt convection-driven bionic structure FeCoNiCrAl / AlN coating has high radar wave absorption and low infrared emission, which can achieve tunable design integration and efficient preparation of high- temperature compatible stealth coatings.

The gamma-TiAl based alloy coatings were synthesized on the Ti-5Al alloy substrates through in-situ surface alloying using the tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding method. The effects of welding parameters on the microstructure, phase composition and microhardness of the coatings were investigated. The temperature gradient and cooling rate distributions during the melting-solidification process were calculated by means of a numerical simulation method. The results demonstrated that a higher welding current resulted in a narrower and deeper welding pool, while an appropriate increase in welding speed led to a shallower and wider one. A continuous cladding layer without microdefects was obtained at the welding current of 80 A and the welding speed of 200 mm/min. The layer contained about 47.62 at.% Al and was composed of gamma-TiAl and alpha 2-Ti3Al phases. The crystallizing morphologies in the welding pool transitioned from planar grains at the bottom to dendrites growing from the bottom to the center, and finally to dendrites aligned with the welding direction at the top. The phase transition of the dendrites proceeded as L ->alpha ->gamma+alpha 2, and the interdendritic constituents evolved along L ->alpha ->gamma, ultimately forming a microstructure of massive gamma distributed between the alpha 2/gamma lamellar colonies. The microhardness of the cladding layer was above 350 HV0.1. The as-synthesized coating had the potential to improve surface properties of the titanium alloy.

The Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLLs) was successfully immobilized within a novel hydrogel matrix through a two-step crosslinking method. TLLs were initially crosslinked through the Schiff base reaction by oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC). The water-soluble OCMC@TLLs complex was subsequently crosslinked by carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCSH) in a microfluidic apparatus to form the CMCHS/OCMC@TLLs microspheres. The CD (Circular Dichroism, CD) and FT-IR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR) spectra demonstrated that the crosslinking of TLLs with OCMC resulted in a less significant impact on their structure compared to that with glutaraldehyde. CMCHS/OCMC@TLLs showed decreased catalytic performance due to the mass transfer resistance, while its thermal stability was greatly improved. The CMCHS/OCMC@TLLs were used to catalyze the lauroylation of arbutin in tetrahydrofuran. After 12 h of reaction under optimal conditions, the yield of 6′-O-lauryl arbutin reached an impressive 92.12%. The prepared 6′-O-lauryl arbutin has high lipophilicity and exhibits similar tyrosinase inhibitory activity and higher antioxidant activity compared to its parent compound. Graphical Abstract

Electromagnetic shielding materials can inhibit or reduce the harm of electromagnetic radiation and have become an important means to protect against electromagnetic pollution. In order to overcome the inconveniences of in situ or conformal manufacturing on the specific equipment, and the resulting assembly errors lead to the reduction of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). As a new technology, highspeed laser cladding can directly design multi -walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-FeCo alloy composites as absorbents, and it is the first time to realize the rapid manufacturing of electromagnetic shielding materials by one-step in -situ deposition without adding auxiliary materials. According to the temperature field and stress field, it is found that the through -crack defects of electromagnetic shielding coating mainly resulted from the residual stress concentration of microcracks near the bottom fusion line. When the cladding strategy is 1600 W power deposition after preheating at 400 degrees C, a high -quality cladding layer can be obtained. When the addition of MWCNTs is 1.5 wt%, the material exhibits good electromagnetic shielding performance under the synergistic effect of dielectric loss, conductivity loss, and magnetic loss. And the average EMI SE is 23 dB in the range of 218GH. The research shows that high-speed laser cladding can simultaneously meet the requirements of flexible material design and efficient preparation, which realizes the integration of electromagnetic shielding material design and manufacturing.

The MoOx/Al2O3 micro-arc oxidation composite coatings based on the AlSi10Mg selective laser-melted were studied to lay a foundation for its application in aerospace. The MO32- ion group diffused into the coatings and participated in the reaction, forming MoOx compounds. The Mo content increased to 3.45 %, uniformly distributed across the surface and in-depth. The coatings mainly comprise gamma-Al2O3, alpha-Al2O3, MoO2, and MoOx. The valence of Mo was Mo4+, Mo6+, and Mox+ in MoO2, MoO3, and MoOx, respectively. The average surface roughness increased from 0.729 gm to 2.784 gm. The corrosion current decreased from 1.122x10-5 Axcm2 to 2.774x10-7 Axcm2. The micro-hardness of the coatings was improved from 536 HV to 925 HV. The corrosion products consist of Al (OH)3 and AlCl3. The Cl- content of the 4-week sample is close to that of the 1-week sample; the Cl- content does not increase with the prolonged corrosion time, and MoOx/Al2O3 composite coatings excellently protect the substrate.

Inconel 625 coatings were synthesised on AISI 4130 steel substrates by tungsten inert gas welding. Optimisation of process parameters was conducted through a combination of numerical simulations and technological experiments. The welding speed has a significant effect on the width and height of the cladding layer and the welding current mainly affected the penetration. A proper decrease of welding speed with raising heat input was conductive to the decrease of coating residual stress levels and dilution rates, which promoted the solid solution of corrosion resistant elements (Mo and Nb) and favoured the improvement of coating corrosion resistance. The cladding quality and efficiency could be improved by parameter optimisations through the combination of numerical and technological methods.

Ni-Ti coatings with different Al contents were synthesized on SUS 316L stainless steel substrates by the mechanical alloying method. The effects of Al addition and annealing treatment on the microstructures, microhardness, wear and corrosion resistances of the coatings were investigated. The results showed that the as-synthesized coatings possessed composite structures of Ti particles as reinforcements and Ni-Al lamellas as matrix. Their thicknesses increased with the increase in the Al addition from 0 to 15 wt.%. Intermetallic phases were hardly detected in the coatings with Al content below 15 wt.%. The coating with 10 wt.% Al exhibited optimal microstructure, mechanical properties and favorable corrosion resistance. The subsequent annealing treatment promoted both diffusion in the coating and interdiffusion between the coating and the substrate, which was conductive to the alloying of the coating and the enhancement at the interface. The microhardness increased from about 520 HV 0.1 to about 680 HV 0.1 and both the friction coefficients and the wear weight loss decreased about 20% after annealing. The corrosion resistance of the coating decreased after annealing. The corrosion potential decreased slightly, but the corrosion current density was doubled. The as-synthesized Ni-Ti coatings had the potential to protect the substrate from being severely worn or corroded.

Mechanical alloying method was applied to synthesize Ni-Ti coatings on 316L stainless steel substrates. Effects of milling parameters on microstructures, microhardnesses, wear and corrosion resistances of the coatings were investigated. Formation mechanism of the coating was elucidated. The as-synthesized coatings possessed inner layers with composite lamellar structures and outer alloyed layers. The coating grew in certain milling time and then flaked with further milling, which was closely in relation to the particle ductility and the heat levels accumulated with the particle deformations and the ball frictions. The coating thickness and roughness were improved with the increase of rotational speed. The higher rotational speed promoted the plastic deformation, cold welding and hardening of the particles, which was conductive to the coating deposition in the initial milling process but advanced the peeling process in the shorter milling time. The coating microhardness was improved with its growth, which reached about 2 times of the substrate microhardeness. The wear resistance was improved because of the as-synthesized coatings, which were proportional to their surface microhardnesses. The corrosion resistances of the as-synthesized coatings increased with the suitable increase of milling time and then they decreased with further milling. The increase of the rotational speed favored the improvement of corrosion resistance. In general, the coating prepared at the rotational speed of 350 r/min for 13 h possessed both favorable microstructure and properties, which could protect the substrate from severely worn or corroded effectively.

The oxidation of pyrite results in the formation of a solid film passivation layer on its surface. This layer effectively hinders the direct interaction between H2O, O2, and the pyrite surface, thereby impeding the oxidation dissolution of pyrite. There are few studies on whether alumina (Al2O3), a common aluminum-containing oxide, affects the formation of a solid film passivation layer on the surface of pyrite and inhibits the oxidation dissolution of pyrite. This research investigates the impact of Al2O3 incorporation on the speciation transformation of S, Fe, and Al on the surface of pyrite during oxygen pyrite process. The oxidation of pyrite followed the "polysulfide-thiosulfate" complex oxidation pathway. When <1.5 g/L Al2O3 was introduced, it increase pyrite oxidation, whereas ≥1.5 g/L Al2O3 prevented pyrite oxidation. The process of Al2O3 dissolution results in the consumption of H+ and the subsequent release of Al3+. This, in turn, facilitates the hydrolysis of Fe3+ and Al3+ to generate a secondary mineral layer on the pyrite surface. As a result of the accumulation of S promotes the formation of polysulfide chemical (FeSn) or iron deficiency sulfide (Fe1-xS), resulting in the formation of a solid film passivation layer composed of sulfur film and secondary mineral layer. The results demonstrated that Al2O3 can promote the formation of a solid film passivation layer on the surface of pyrite, which has significant implications for controlling the oxidation dissolution process of pyrite and offers a new perspective for the source control of acid mine drainage.

Carbon dots are emerging luminescent nanomaterials that have drawn considerable attention due to their abundance, environmental friendliness, and customizable optical properties. However, their susceptibility to temperature-induced vibrational exciton changes and the tendency to thermal quenching of emission have hindered their practical applications. Here, a method is reported for achieving high-temperature photoluminescence carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) through a bi-confinement approach that involves a highly cross-linked polymer network and a rigid Al2O3 matrix. As the temperature increased from 303 to 500 K, the fluorescence and phosphorescence emission intensities of CPDs@Al2O3 remained virtually unchanged, with the emission duration exceeding 150 h at 500 K. Additionally, CPDs@Al2O3 composites with different degrees of carbonization exhibit dynamic excitation-dependent photoluminescence properties, which can be patterned for multiple information encryption application. This work provides a concept for designing stable and luminous CPDs under harsh conditions, thus expanding their potential application range.

In this paper, a series of Ba1-xMnxAl2O4 (x = 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20) green high NIR reflective pigments were prepared by solution gel method and applied to ceramic glaze for thermal insulation evaluation. The experimental results show that Mn2+ ions successfully replace Ba2+ ions without changing the morphology of the phase structure of the materials. The Ba1-xMnxAl2O4 morphology shows nanowire-like shape as detected by SEM. The absorption of Mn2+ ions in the visible region changes the color of the materials from white to green, and with the a* values in the range of -20.28 to -58.17, the materials have excellent coloring properties. The nearinfrared reflectivity of the material in the range of 700-2500 nm is 47.35%-68.07%, which is significantly higher than other materials of the same color. In the heat insulation application experiment, the inner surface temperature of ceramic glazes with Ba1-xMnxAl2O4 materials was reduced by 16.17%-23.87% compared to ordinary ceramic samples.