The CO2 adsorption performance of solid adsorbents prepared by impregnation of primary and secondary amines into meso/macroporous silica materials with a bimodal pore size distribution is evaluated. Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA), tris(3-aminopropyl)amine (TAPA), 1,3-diamino-2-propanol (DAP), tetrakis(aminomethyl)methane (TAMM) and linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) were immobilized into silica supports with high loading levels (40-60 wt%). The DETA-impregnated adsorbent at the optimal loading (51.7 wt%) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity of 6.78 mmol/g (29.9 wt%) under pure CO2 flow. CO2 adsorption performance was measured in a fixed bed reactor equipped with the temperature sensor. The influence of the CO2 content in the gas mixture and flow rate on the adsorption temperature and adsorption capacity was studied.

Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide dicationic ionic liquids with an ethereal linker between imidazolium cations have been synthesized. Their thermal stability has been studied, melting points, viscosity, and volatility in vacuum have been measured. The properties of the synthesized ionic liquids with ethereal linkers have been compared with the properties of ionic liquids of a similar structure, but with polymethylene linkers.

Dicationic ionic liquids with a polymethylene ( n C = 5, 9) linker between the imidazolium cations and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion have been synthesized. Their thermal stability was studied, and the melting points, viscosity, and volatility in vacuum were measured. The possibility of using the obtained ionic liquids as heat transfer fluids in vacuum was assessed.

New dicationic ionic liquids with pentasiloxane linker between two imidazolium moieties and bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide anions were synthesized; their melting points, glass transition temperatures and viscosities were measured, and thermal and hydrolytic stabilities were investigated. The dependence of the properties of these ionic liquids on the length of the siloxane linker in the cation part is revealed.

Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imidic dicationic liquids containing a disiloxane linker between the imidazole cations have been synthesized. Their thermal stability was estimated, and their melting points, viscosity, and volatility in vacuo were measured. The opportunity to use these ionic liquids as heat transfer agents in a dynamic vacuum has been shown.

A number of dicationic ionic liquids with a disiloxane linker between imidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion were synthesized and characterized. Melting points, viscosity, and volatility in a vacuum were measured; the thermal and hydrolytic stability of ionic liquids were also studied. The dependence of the properties on the structure of substituents in the cation of the ionic liquid was demonstrated.

Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids containing disiloxane linkers between imidazole cations were synthesized. Their hydrolytic and thermal stabilities were explored, and melting points, viscosities, and volatilities in vacuo were measured. The effect of nature of the substituents at imidazole cations on the set of properties of the synthesized ionic liquids was revealed.

Abstract The article is devoted to the relationship analysis indicators of economic effect and efficiency of the freight road transport enterprises in modern economic conditions. The main indicators characterizing the relationship between revenue and costs of a freight transportation company are financial stability and operating leverage. Using the liquidity ratio of the cash flow, the optimal criteria for these indicators were obtained, as well as the share of fixed costs in revenue, which determine the increase in solvency of freight road transport enterprises. At the same time, the optimal levels of the specified financial and economic indicators are considered in the context of seasonality and size of economic entities. The optimal levels of indicators are determined separately for large freight road transport enterprises with more than one hundred units of rolling stock and for medium cargo road transport enterprises with up to one hundred units of rolling stock. To assess the performance of freight trucking companies, profitability indicators are used, in particular cost-effectiveness. The indicator of profitability of costs allows you to set the marginal rate based on the market situation and the level of costs, as well as determine the revenue from sales, taking into account the established tariff. Using indicators that have an impact on the change in the value of cost-effectiveness, the minimum possible value of the indicator was obtained, which determines the lower limit of the sustainable functioning of freight road transport enterprises, determining the excess of income over expenditure.

Hydroxyl-containing ionic liquids were synthesized by quaternization of 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole, N-methylpyrrolidine, and pyridine with 2-chloroethanol or 6-chlorohexan-1-ol, followed by exchange of chloride ion for bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)azanide, and their properties were studied.

Two series of imidazolium ionic liquids with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion were synthesized, which differ by the presence of a hydroxyl group at the ω-position of the alkyl substituent in the cation structure ( n C = 2–8). The properties of the liquids were studied by DSC, TGA, and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Their thermal stability was studied, and the melting points, viscosity, and volatility in vacuum were measured. The effect of OH groups in the structure of the ionic liquid on its properties was evaluated.

A number of imidazolium ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion containing a ω-hydroxyalkyl substituent of different lengths in the cation (nС = 2–8) were synthesized. The properties of the obtained liquids were investigated by DSC, TGA, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Their thermal stability was studied; melting points, viscosity, and volatility in vacuum were measured. The possibility of using synthesized ionic liquids as heat carriers under high vacuum conditions is demonstrated.

The evaporation of a dicationic ionic liquid, 1,3-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)propane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([C3(MIm)22+][Tf2N-]2), was studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Its evaporation is accompanied by a partial thermal decomposition producing monocationic ionic liquids, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium and 1-(2-propenyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amides, as volatile products. This decomposition does not affect the vaporization characteristics of [C3(MIm)22+][Tf2N-]2, which were established to be as follows. The vaporization enthalpy (550 K) is equal to (155.5 ± 3.2) kJ·mol-1; the saturated vapor pressure is described by the equation ln( p/Pa) = -(18699 ± 381)/( T/K) + (30.21 ± 0.82) in the range of 508-583 K. 1,3-Bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)propane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide is the first dicationic ionic liquid, the vaporization characteristics of which were determined with an acceptable accuracy.

Dicationic ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions and dimethylimidazolic moieties linked by the polymeric siloxane chain in the cation structure have been synthesized. Thermal stability of the compounds synthesised was studied by TGA; glass transition temperatures, viscosities and volatility in vacuo were measured. Applicability of these ionic liquids as heat carriers under high dynamic vacuum conditions is shown.

Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids containing hydroxyl groups in the cation structure were synthesized. Their thermal stabilities were estimated, melting points, viscosities, and volatilities in vacuo were determined. The possibility of using the synthesized ionic liquids as heat transfer agents in high vacuum is shown.

1,2-Dimethyl-3-(1′,1′,3′,3′-tetramethyl-3′-phenyldisiloxanyl)methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([PhC5OSi2MMIm+][Tf2N−]) is the first silicon-containing ionic liquid which was characterized with the vaporization enthalpy, (138.5±1.8)kJmol−1, and saturated vapor pressure, ln(p/Pa)=−(16656±219)/(T/K)+(30.69±0.92). This compound is a unique ionic liquid giving ions, retaining both cationic and anionic portions, in the electron impact ionization (EI) mass spectrum.

Solid adsorbents for СО2 capture based on mesoporous silicas (SBA-15), active carbons (SKT-6, FAD), and alumina (Pural TH-200, Puralox TH-200) modified by impregnation with diethylenetriamine and tris(3-aminopropyl)amine were prepared and studied. The adsorbent based on SBA-15 containing 51.7 wt.% diethylenetriamine showed the highest adsorption capacity (21.75 wt.%).

The practical aspects and prospects of application of ionic liquids as heat transfer fluids are discussed. The physicochemical properties of ionic liquids (heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal and radiation stability, viscosity, density, saturated vapour pressure and corrosion activity) are compared with the properties of some commercial heat transfer fluids. The issues of toxicity of ionic liquids are considered. Much attention is paid to known organosilicon heat transfer fluids, which are considered to have much in common with ionic liquids in the set of properties and are used in the review as reference materials. The bibliography includes 132 references.