This study investigates the evolution of space-time circular Airyprime (SPCAP) wave packet with a wavefront phase modulation in a noninstantaneous Kerr media containing a temporal boundary. Collision with a temporal boundary splits the wave packet into transmitted and reflected components, with trajectories and energy distribution influenced by the boundary position. Meanwhile, wavefront phase modulation governs the morphological evolution and spatial energy distribution of the wave packet. Initially maintaining a circular structure with low energy, it subsequently exhibits a contracting-expanding pulsation behavior while focusing energy, ultimately undergoing fragmentation at greater distances. Additionally, the noninstantaneous nonlinear response acts as both a structural stabilizer and a driving core that, together with boundary-induced phase discontinuity, promotes energy redistribution between the two components. These results reveal the interplay between the noninstantaneous nonlinearity, dispersion effects, a temporal boundary, and a phase modulation, providing a theoretical foundation for the precise control of wave packets in space-time nonlinear systems.

Abstract This study introduces the chirped-Pearcey-Laguerre-Gaussian space-time (CPLGST) wave packets and investigates its propagation characteristics in linear dispersive media, uncovering diverse propagation regimes of the CPLGST wave packets as the radial and angular mode numbers are tuned. Modulating the second-order chirp factor and dispersion coefficient allows for tailored manipulation of the envelope profile, evolution trajectory, and propagation dynamics of the CPLGST wave packets. It further uncovers the dynamic balance regulation mechanism of the CPLGST wave packets, which is mediated by the synergistic effect of the second-order chirp factor and dispersion coefficient, while also examining the evolution characteristics and peak intensity variation laws of such wave packets under normal and anomalous dispersion conditions. Additionally, this study explores the gradient and scattering force characteristics of the CPLGST wave packets, thereby further exploring its potential applications in optical tweezers technology and microparticle manipulation.

By spatially differentiating the canonical Pearcey integral along orthogonal coordinates, a novel structured light field known as the Pearcey-prime Gaussian beam (PePGB) is produced. With a symmetric multilobe structure whose autofocusing and flipping behavior can be precisely tuned via a single scaling parameter, it displays unique symmetry-mediated flipping dynamics and self-focusing evolution. We reveal that while the X-derivative component dominates the superimposed field, phase-mediated interference from the Y-derivative component effectively modulates its propagation characteristics. Furthermore, by analyzing the gradient and scattering forces of the PePGB, we show its potential in optical manipulation and validate its use in particle guiding and trapping. The beam’s flexible controllability and practical viability are validated experimentally using a spatial light modulator. In addition to introducing a tunable structured beam, this work offers fresh perspectives on phase-coupled symmetric control of autofocusing fields.

Conventional vector beams predominantly tailor polarization in the spatial domain, whereas time is rarely exploited as a control parameter for polarization topology. Here we theoretically introduce and numerically investigate an asymmetric spatiotemporal Airy-vortex-Poincar & eacute; structured light field. The field is built on an asymmetric spatiotemporal wave packet that intentionally breaks transverse symmetry and incorporates an explicit linear space-time coupling through the envelope phase. We orchestrate the temporal evolution of instantaneous polarization topologies on transverse slices by exploiting the inherent asymmetry of the light field through a dynamic dual-source approach. The dynamics are jointly controlled by spatiotemporal source separation and global relative phase offset, which together generate a delay-dependent phase that couples wavefront curvature to temporal delay and breaks the symmetry between the two polarization components. By analyzing the Stokes parameters, we show that Airy self-acceleration combined with source-induced spatiotemporal phase twisting produces dynamic polarization singularities and drives time-resolved reorganization of polarization singularities and polarization textures. Moreover, channel-selective Airy vortex modulation reveals an effective spin-orbit-like response within a linear two-channel interference framework, providing a mode-addressable route for polarization texture reconfiguration. This spatiotemporal Airy-vortex-Poincar & eacute; platform offers a versatile basis for robust, high-dimensional optical information carriers with potential utility in free-space optical communications and ultrafast spatiotemporal imaging. (c) 2026 Chinese Laser Press

Fine-grained classification of ovarian tumors in ultrasound images is clinically important for early diagnosis and individualized treatment planning, yet it remains highly challenging due to subtle inter-subtype differences, pronounced intra-subtype variation, blurred lesion boundaries, and interference-prone imaging appearance. To address these challenges, this study proposes the Effective Feature Purification-Fusion Network (EFPFNet), a task-oriented unified deep learning framework for fine-grained ovarian tumor subtype classification in ultrasound images. The proposed framework integrates a Feature Purification Convolution Path to progressively suppress subtype-irrelevant responses and enforce semantic consistency for stable subtype representation, together with a Cross-Scale Fusion Transformer Path to jointly model fine-grained local patterns and global lesion organization. On this basis, a hierarchical multi-level semantic-enhanced fusion strategy, a scale-aware attention gating mechanism, and a self-supervised consistency alignment loss are further introduced to improve cross-branch integration and representation stability. Extensive experiments on a private ovarian ultrasound dataset and the public Multi-Modality Ovarian Tumor Ultrasound dataset demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms representative convolutional neural network, Transformer-based, contrastive learning, and recent ultrasound-specific approaches. In addition, evaluations on two public chromosome datasets further support the generalization ability of the proposed framework in other fine-grained biomedical image classification tasks. These findings indicate that the proposed method provides an effective and robust solution for fine-grained ovarian tumor ultrasound classification and offers a promising basis for more reliable preoperative decision support.

An association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) has been reported, although the causal relationship between these factors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal connection between COVID-19 and TB using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The UK Biobank provided summary data on COVID-19 using the integrative epidemiology unit open genome-wide association studies (GWAS) pool. GWAS data on TB were also retrieved. The relationship between COVID-19 and TB was examined using 5 methods, the major method being inverse variance weighting. Additional methods included weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, weighted mode, and Wald ratio. No significant correlation was observed between COVID-19 and TB (odds ratio = 1.022, 95% confidence interval 0.955–1.032, P = .611). Reverse MR analysis also confirmed the absence of a causal relationship between COVID-19 and TB risk ( P > .05). This study used several complementary MR approaches to explore the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and TB and revealed no significant bidirectional relationship. However, given the limited GWAS data for these 2 conditions, caution is warranted when interpreting these results. While previous epidemiological and retrospective studies have suggested that COVID-19 may impact TB, our bidirectional MR analysis based on European population genetic data suggests no two-way causality between COVID-19 and TB in this population.

This paper investigates the phase trajectory control of the circular Airyprime Gaussian beam (CAPGB) within the Kerr medium. We analyze the effects of linear and parabolic phase control trajectories on the transmission characteristics of the CAPGB, comparing these results with the initial transmission metrics. These results demonstrate that phase control of the CAPGB facilitates the manipulation of both the beam transmission direction and the phase distributions. This allows the beam to propagate along pre-designed trajectories, with its phase concomitantly evolving. The phase trajectory control of the CAPGB along pre-designed trajectories holds promising potential for applications in optical trapping and particle manipulation.

The propagation dynamics of the circular Pearcey-Airy beam (CPAB) through the Kerr medium are first simulated, revealing various fascinating properties. In this paper, we find that the focus distance, focal position, and optical forces of the CPAB can be changed by adjusting the initial input power and chirp factors. Meanwhile, we discuss the gradient force and scattering force at the focal point of the beam. In addition, we introduce a diamond-shaped Pearcey-Airy beam (DPAB), and an analysis of the Poynting vector for the DPAB is conducted. Our study enhances the comprehension of the transmission properties of the CPAB and offers new perspectives and theoretical foundations for achieving more efficient and precise control of the CPAB in the nonlinear Kerr medium.

This paper systematically investigates the propagation characteristics of the circular Airyprime-Gaussian-vortex spatiotemporal (ApGVST) wave packet in a dispersive medium. We reveal the influence of beam parameters and dispersion parameters on the propagation process of the wave packets. We find that by adjusting the parameters of the ApGVST wave packets, we can effectively control the morphology, scale, and intensity distribution of the wave packets. In addition, we also investigate the influence of dispersion parameters on the evolution behavior of the ApGVST wave packets in the dispersive media, including wave packet extension, splitting, and energy distribution. This study not only establishes a theoretical model for the transmission of the ApGVST wave packets in the dispersive media but also provides a theoretical basis for the application of self-focusing vortex spacetime wave packets in optical systems.

This study investigates the tightly focusing characteristics of the radially polarized Airyprime Gaussian vortex beam (RPApGVB), incorporating both on-axis and off-axis vortex pairs at high numerical apertures. Adjusting parameters such as the optical distribution factor, primary ring radius, and the position of the off-axis vortex pair leads to a wide variety of light field distributions. Both the gradient forces and scattering forces of the RPApGVB are significantly affected by these parameters. In comparison to the radially polarized chirped circular Airy Gaussian beam, the gradient forces and scattering forces associated with the PRApGVB have multiple extremes. This finding demonstrates its potential application in optical tweezers for the manipulation of particles and atoms. Additionally, we conduct an analysis of the transverse power flow of the RPApGVB along with its two-dimensional polarization distribution within the focal plane.

This paper introduces a novel type of abrupt autofocusing beam called the circular Pearcey Airyprime beam (CPApB). Theoretical investigations and experimental verification of the propagation dynamics of the CPApB are conducted. Our results indicate that the focusing intensity of the CPApB is significantly higher than that of the circular Pearcey Airy beam (CPAB), reaching about twice that of the CPAB. Therefore, the CPApB exhibits superior autofocusing capability compared to the CPAB under identical conditions. Furthermore, the influence of different decay factors and astigmatism factors on the self-focusing characteristics of the CPApB are investigated. By delving into the underlying principles governing the CPApB, our findings offer new insights and establish foundational theories, aiming to enhance the efficient and precise control of the beam. The superior autofocusing characteristics of the CPApB are expected to be applied to various media.

This study investigates the intricate properties of linearly polarized circular AiryprimeGaussian vortex beams (CApGVBs) in tightly focused optical systems. We explore the relationship between self-focusing and tight focusing of CApGVBs by adjusting the main ring radius. By refining vortex pair parameters, we show that the intensity distribution depends significantly on whether the arrangement is axial or off-axis. Additionally, we present various scenarios demonstrating the generation of light bottle modes by linearly polarized CApGVBs. Our analysis explores the Gouy phase difference between the orientation of the spin density vector and the longitudinal and transverse electric field components of the vector beam across different optical distribution factors. We recognize the dual roles of orbital and spin angular momentum (SAM) in vortex beams. Furthermore, we show how the three-dimensional dynamics of the spin density vector during propagation can lead to the formation of a three-dimensional polarized elliptical topology. These findings provide critical insights into the flexible tunability of multi-focusing states, advance the understanding of the unique properties of CApGVBs and their potential applications in micro-optical systems and particle manipulation, while highlighting the potential of CApGVBs to enhance the precision of light capture and control systems. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

In this paper, symmetric Pearcey Gaussian beams (SPGBs) are studied in a Kerr medium. By varying the initial input power, the autofocusing ability of the beams is investigated, to find a clear restrictive relationship between the breath-like structure and the initial input power. The critical collapse power is investigated when SPGBs change from discrete beams to regular breath-like structure. Finally, the transmission of SPGBs is discussed under different phase modulation when SPGBs are affected by astigmatic, the whole beam is rotated and the angle of rotation can be controlled. In this paper, symmetric Pearcey Gaussian beams (SPGBs) are studied in a Kerr medium. By varying the initial input power, we investigate the auto focusing ability of the beams and find a clear restrictive relationship between the breath-like structure and the initial input power. The critical collapse power when SPGBs change from discrete beams to regular breath-like structure is investigated. Finally, the transmission of SPGBs under different phase modulation when SPGBs are affected by astigmatic, the whole beam is rotated, and the angle of rotation can be controlled is discussed. image

The evolution of circular Pearcey Gaussian vortex beams (CPGVBs) in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media is investigated numerically. The breathers-like balance states of CPGVBs are obtained directly by adjusting the light field structure parameters of CPGVBs and the nonlinear factor. In particular, as the nonlinear factor increases, the number of CPGVBs foci increases and the distance between the foci decreases. As intensity of beam is increased the nonlinearity becomes stronger and this leads to increase of foci number with corresponding decrease of distance between foci. Adjustment of the nonlinearity and diffraction leads to formation of the spatial optical quasi-soliton states. We also investigate the stability of quasi-solitons in the presence of disturbances. In this propagation regime the light field parameters have a significant impact on the configuration of quasi-solitons.

A type of circular Airyprime function of complex-variable Gaussian vortex (AFCGV) wave packets in a strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium is introduced numerically, combining the properties of helicity states and abrupt autofocusing. We investigate the effects of the chirp factor, distribution parameter, and decay factor on the AFCGV wave packets in the strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium. Interestingly, by adjusting the distribution parameter, the AFCGV wave packets can exhibit stable rotational motions in various shapes, such as symmetric lobes and doughnuts. In addition, the Poynting vector and the gradient force of the AFCGV wave packets are also discussed. Our research not only explains the theoretical model for controlling AFCGV wave packets but also advances fundamental research on self-bending and autofocusing structured light fields.

This study presents an investigation into the propagation characteristics of a symmetric Pearcey-Pearcey space-time (SPPST) wave packet in a dispersive medium for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in an optical system based on the fractional Schr & ouml;dinger equation. Subsequently, the influence of the dispersion (normal and abnormal dispersion) on the SPPST packet is analyzed comprehensively. By manipulating the parameters of the SPPST wave packet including the parameters of the symmetric Pearcey beam, the value of the chirp, and the dispersion in the medium, it is possible to control its shape, orientation, and propagation dynamics. Simultaneously, the study delves into the effects of the combination of the dispersion and the second-order chirp on the evolution of SPPST wave packets and the associated intensity with these wave packets. Studying self-focusing wave packets with spatiotemporal symmetry provides new theoretical support for the development of quantum optics and optical communication. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

The periodic evolution of the circular Airyprime beam (CAPB) in the parabolic potential medium is simulated for the first time, and various intriguing features are seen. We discover that the focus distance will depend on the parabolic potential parameter. In the meanwhile, we find that the shape and focal position of the beam as it propagates can be altered by changing the astigmatic factor, and the Poynting vector of the CAPB with the astigmatic phase is studied. We also contrast the differences between the CAPB and the special-shaped Airyprime beam (SAPB) under the same circumstances, and the gradient and scattering forces of the CAPB and SAPB are investigated. Our results provide insight into the circular Airyprime beams and broaden their potential applications in the parabolic potential.

In this paper, we study polycyclic tornado symmetric Pearcey (PTSP) vortex beam induced by superimposing spiral phase and vortex, and its propagation dynamics in the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE). We find that the autofocusing of the symmetric Pearcey beam is enhanced and the autofocus length is shorten with the increase of Lévy index α. Polycyclic tornado phase will form a dark tornado ring (DTR) on the basis of PTSP vortex beam, and the radius of the DTR will also change with the increase of the propagation distance. Finally, the divergence force and gradient force of the PTSP vortex beam in FSE are displayed during transmission. The development of these special properties in FSE has important implications for optical tweezers, medical and military applications.

In this paper, we study the propagation dynamics of the circular Airyprime beam (CAPB) in the Kerr medium for the first time. We investigate the effects of the astigmatism factor, the chirp factor, and vortices on the CAPB propagating in the Kerr medium. At the same time, we are also introducing a special-shaped Airyprime beam (SAPB) during its propagation. The transmission characteristics of the CAPB and the SAPB in the Kerr medium are compared under identical conditions. Our theoretical results provide additional possibilities for CAPB modulation in the Kerr medium, thereby promising wider applicability of CAPB in various research areas.