We present a case of a 61-year-old man who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation complicated with left ventricular noncompaction. The pathogenesis of this condition remains unknown. In advanced form, left ventricular noncompaction produces marked disability and carries a poor prognosis. We underscore that familiarity with this disease entity will help to stimulate early diagnosis and timely treatment when necessary.

Arteriovenous shunt is one of the causes of heart failure, but heart failure caused by common iliac arteriovenous fistula is relatively rare. A 64-year-old man who developed acute heart failure due to venous perforation of a common iliac aneurysm and also had bilateral aneurysms (diameter 58 mm) was referred to our department. On admission, the patient complained of dyspnea and swollen left leg, so diuretic agent was administered to treat the heart failure. Cardiac catheterization showed a shunt rate of 80.6%, as well as 5.0 Qp/Qs and O2 step-up across perforation of the common iliac vein. Despite the therapy, pleural effusion and ascites exacerbated, and the heart failure became difficult to control, so surgical treatment was performed. The aneurysm was replaced with an artificial vessel, and the fistula was closed by direct suturing. Postoperatively, the symptoms disappeared, and the patient is in good health.