Introduction. Despite the positive developments in providing patients with orphan diseases, achieved through the implementation of a set of federal and regional programs, it has not yet been possible to achieve full and timely satisfaction of the target segment's need for medicines, and patients are forced to look for additional sources of funding for drug therapy, one of which is the budgets of charitable foundations. Objective: research the role and place of charitable foundations in the system of drug provision for patients with orphan diseases. Material and methods. Сontent analysis of legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation in the field of healthcare and circulation of medicines, open data from the official website of the All-Russian Society of Orphan Diseases, statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, open official reports of the Circle of Good Foundation and official websites of 57 charitable foundations. Results and discussion. The elaboration of mechanisms for including charitable foundations in the list of organizations that have the right to work with narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in exceptional cases in terms of patients with orphan diseases seems to be another way to improve the quality of drug provision for privileged categories of patients. Conclusion. The elaboration of mechanisms for including charitable foundations in the list of organizations that have the right to work with narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in exceptional cases in terms of patients with orphan diseases seems to be another way to improve the quality of drug provision for privileged categories of patients.

Одним из факторов успеха компаний является наличие сильного узнаваемого бренда и впоследствии реализация продукции собственной торговой марки (далее - СТМ). История СТМ в продовольственном ритейле началась в конце XIX в. с реализации бекона под торговым наименованием компании в Великобритании. В России впервые СТМ ввел в свой ассортимент супермаркет «Перекресток» в 2001 г., предлагая своим покупателям воду в объеме 5 л. Впервые товары СТМ в аптечный ритейл были введены компанией «36,6» в 2004 г., на тот момент это были самые распространённые ассортиментные позиции по «сносной цене». В 2012 г. в ассортименте уже 10 компаний имели продукцию СТМ. Сейчас направление СТМ является динамичным и быстроразвивающимся: в ассортиментном портфеле некоторый компаний насчитывается свыше 2000 ассортиментных позиций СТМ, ежегодно организуется Международная премия по контрактному производству. Было установлено, что на региональном рынке (на примере г. Воронежа) из 30 исследуемых аптечных организаций (далее - АО) в своем ассортименте имеют продукцию СТМ - 20 компаний. Введение продукции СТМ в ассортимент является одной из стратегий устойчивости компаний, поскольку позволяет повысить рентабельность бизнеса и выделить свою компанию среди конкурентов.

Amethodological approach to regional ecological and pharmacognostic quality assessment of medicinal plant raw materials has been developed. Modern physicochemical analytical methods (atomic absorption spectrometry, gas chromatography, spectroradiometry, chromatography-mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry, gravimetry) were used for a comprehensive study of the ecological and pharmacognostic state of medicinal plant raw materials using knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare L.), absinth herb (Artemisia absinthium L.), common yarrow herb (Achillea millefolium L.), motherwort herb (Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib.), plantain leaves (Plantago major L.), nettle leaves (Urtica dioica L.), linden flowers (Tilia cordata Mill.), tansy flowers (Tanacetum vulgare L.), dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinalis F. H. Wigg), and burdock roots (Arctium lappa L.) as examples. Contamination of them by various ecotoxins (heavy metals and arsenic, organochlorine pesticides, natural radionuclides) and the accumulation of the main groups of biologically active compounds (BACs) (flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, essential oils, polysaccharides) were studied. Voronezh Region was chosen as a model region. A correlation between the contents of these ecotoxins in the upper soil layers and the plants was revealed. The impact of the determined ecotoxins on the accumulation of the various groups of BACs in the medicinal plant raw materials was studied. Features and regularities of the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic, pesticides, radionuclides, and the main groups of BACs in plants of various ecotopes are shown. The results of the theoretical and experimental studies of the quality of plant resources formed the basis of methodological approaches developed to conduct regional ecological and pharmacognostic quality assessment of medicinal plant raw materials that can be scaled for studying plant resources of other territories of the Russian Federation.

Целью исследования выступил анализ показателей заболеваемости новообразованиями населения Воронежской области за 20-ти летний период (2001 - 2020 гг.). Информационная база исследования: статистические данные Департамента здравоохранения Воронежской области. Методы исследования: картографический, расчетно аналитический. Анализ динамики общей заболеваемости населения новообразованиями выявил ежегодный рост и общий прирост за 20 лет по взрослому населению составил 14,4%, по подросткам 109%, по детям 92,4%. Группировка районов Воронежской области по уровню заболеваемости новообразованиями и картографический анализ полученных результатов среди взрослого и детского населения выявил наиболее проблемные районы - Аннинский, Репьевский, Эртильский (взрослые) и Семилукский, Новоусманский (дети).

Разработан методологический подход к региональной эколого-фармакогностической оценке качества лекарственного растительного сырья (ЛРС). С использованием современных физико-химических методов анализа (атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, газо-жидкостной хроматографии, спектрорадиометрии, хромато-масс-спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии, гравиметрии) было проведено комплексное исследование эколого-фармакогностического состояния ЛРС (на примере травы горца птичьего (Polygonum aviculare L.), травы полыни горькой (Artemisia absinthium L.), травы тысячелистника обыкновенного (Achillea millefolium L.), травы пустырника пятилопастного (Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib.), листьев подорожника большого (Plantago major L.,), листьев крапивы двудомной (Urtica dioica L.), цветов липы сердцевидной (Tilia cordata Mill.), цветов пижмы обыкновенной (Tanacetum vulgare L.), корней одуванчика лекарственного (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg), корней лопуха большого (Arctium lappa L.)) на предмет загрязнения различными экотоксикантами (тяжелыми металлами и мышьяком, хлорорганическими пестицидами, природными и естественными радионуклидами), а также накопления основных групп биологически активных веществ (БАВ) (флавоноидов, фенолкарбоновых кислот, оксикоричных кислот, эфирных масел, полисахаридов). Модельным регионом выступила Воронежская область. Установлена взаимосвязь между содержанием данных экотоксикантов в верхних слоях почв и растениях, изучено влияние определяемых экотоксикантов на накопление разных групп БАВ в ЛРС, выявлены особенности и закономерности накопления тяжелых металлов и мышьяка, пестицидов, радионуклидов и основных групп БАВ в растениях различных экотопов. Разработанные на основании проведенных теоретических и экспериментальных исследований качества растительных ресурсов легли в основу методологических подходов для проведения региональной эколого-фармакогностической оценки качества ЛРС, которые могут быть масштабированы для исследования растительных ресурсов других субъектов Российской Федерации.

The genus Persicaria Mill. species belonging to the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae Juss.) and widespread in Russia, are weeds. The chemical composition’s main components of the genus Persicaria Mill. species, are flavonoid glycosides (rutin, avicularin, hyperoside, etc.). The data concerning a comparative study of the organic acids in the herb representatives of genus Persicaria Mill., have not been detected in the available literature.The aim of the research is a comparative study of the organic acids qualitative and quantitative composition in the genus Persicaria Mill. species growing in the Voronezh region.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were dried herb samples of the genus Persicaria Mill. species. All the species were harvested in the Voronezh region during the blooming period. The quantitative content of ascorbic acid and the amount of organic acids in terms of malic (hydroxy-succinic) acid was carried out according to the titrimetric methods of the Russian Federation State Pharmacopeia, the XIVth ed. The study of the qualitative composition of the organic acids profile and their quantitative content assessment in the studied objects, the herbs, was carried out by the method of capillary electrophoresis (“Kapel”, St. Petersburg, Russia).Results. With the help of pharmacopoeial titrimetric methods, it was established that the highest content of the organic acids total amount is characteristic of the Persicaria maculosa Mill. herb (5,60%), the lowest one – of the Persicaria tomentósa (Schrank) E. P. Bicknell herb (4.03%). Persicaria maculosa S. F. Gray and Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre are the richest in ascorbic acid (0.17% and 0.15%, respectively). Using the method of capillary electrophoresis, the composition of the total amount of the studied organic acids has been established. It is represented by oxalic, formic, citric, malic, wine, propionic, lactic, benzoic and other acids.Conclusion. The study of the organic acids of the genus Persicaria Mill. species has been carried out. It has been established that in the studied species, the organic acids total amount in terms of malic acid and the amount of ascorbic acid are similar. By the method of capillary electrophoresis, a complete composition of organic acids has been studied, and the quantitative content of each component has been established. In all the studied Persicaria Mill. species, the predominance of oxalic, formic and malic acids has been revealed.

The introduction of informational technologies in all spheres of life inevitably affected the development of electronic technologies in the higher education system. The spread of Covid-19 to a pandemic has accelerated the education system transition to the in-depth use of informational educational technologies and the development of its own distance education systems. The purpose of this work is to study the experience of using information technologies in the educational process of the pharmaceutical faculty, based on the implementation of e-learning and distance learning technologies (Voronezh State University). The research methods were the analysis of the information environment Moodle (Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) of Voronezh State University and the correspondence anonymous survey of students of the pharmaceutical faculty using Google forms. The article presents the results of generalizing the experience of using information technologies of the electronic information educational environment of Voronezh State University, technical and instrumental capabilities of the electronic educational environment, highlights the advantages, disadvantages and limitations, presents statistics on the use of the capabilities of the electronic environment by students and teachers. Reserves of improving the quality of e-learning and the use of distance learning technologies at the pharmaceutical faculty of Voronezh State University are revealed.

The article presents the results of assessing the quality of information used in the promotion of drugs in specialized pharmaceutical print media (PM). The research was carried out on 224 unique promotional modules about medicinal products, placed in specialized PMs. The content of the modules was assessed for compliance with the requirements of federal laws "On Circulation of Medicines", "On Advertising" and the criteria of the Code of Good Practice of the Association of International Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (AIMP). The analysis of the mechanisms of legislative support for the promotion of drugs in specialized PMs showed that the existing requirements are fragmented and vague in terms of content, which can lead to a violation of the principle of balancing information about drugs when making a professional decision on their appointment or recommendation. Existing regulatory requirements do not provide professional information needs of specialists, since they do not meet the criteria for completeness and reliability of information presentation, which creates the problem of specialists seeking additional professional information to ensure the rational use of medicinal products. The obtained results of the study indicate the discrepancy of the entire studied set of promotional modules about drugs in specialized PMs with the ethical criteria for promoting drugs. In modern conditions, due to insufficient legislative regulation of the content component of drug promotion among healthcare professionals and the fragmentary observance of ethical standards for drug promotion in specialized PMs, the role and relevance of specialized PMs as a source of professional information about drugs for pharmaceutical workers is lost.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of printed advertising materials for compliance with ethical principles and standards for the promotion of medicinal products (MP). Materials and methods. The object of the research was the promotion of medications using printed advertisements about medications. Considered 200 samples of printed materials in the form of leaflets, booklets and leaflets received by health professionals from medical representatives in pharmacies and clinics in Voronezh..Structural and content analysis, comparative, mathematical and statistical analysis, as well as methods of generalization and systematization were used. Results. It was found that the ethical principles and norms of drug promotion when using printed advertising materials are performed in fragments - only 2 printed materials (1% of the study population) met all eleven WHO criteria, and 26 samples met 10 ethical criteria (13%) and 104 (52%) met 50% of the criteria. According to the criterion “Names of excipients that can cause unwanted reactions”, the greatest discrepancy was found, only 14% of the samples provided the necessary information. Conclusion. Printed advertising materials about medicinal products, as the most common method of promoting medicinal products, contain incomplete or unbalanced data on medicinal products in terms of compliance with the ethical principles of promoting medicinal products as the basis for their rational use. This can contribute to a decrease in the effectiveness of the drug, as a result, an increase in the financial and time costs of treatment, as well as the occurrence of unwanted side reactions. A promising direction for solving this problem is the development of special requirements for the structure and content of printed advertising materials about drugs based on instructions for the use of drugs and ethical criteria for promoting recommended by WHO and the AIMP Code of Good Practice.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В ДОМАШНИХ АПТЕЧКАХ ГЕРИАТРИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВЕгорова С

As a result of the systematic structural analysis of the collected scientific data on the problem under study, the trends in the development of the pharmaceutical sector that have established in the global space, including the Russian Federation, have been marked, the changes in the modern healthcare systems have been noted, and it has been proven that the problem of finding accelerated and efficient methods of drug development that meet the interests of all stakeholders needs the priority solution. The structure of distributing the clinical studies of drugs in the world practice has been presented, and data on the funds for the development of the main stages of the process under study and therapeutic groups of drugs for various nosologies have been presented. The main difficulties of objective assessment of the formulation development costs have been defined, the influencing factors have been identified, and the methodical approach to calculating the resources spent has been proposed. The results have been summarized, and the prospects for the rational use of the advanced information technologies for the development and support of innovative domestic developments in the pharmaceutical sector have been demonstrated. As a result of the research into the scientific data, a real opportunity to optimize the costs of developing innovative drugs through their repositioning has been demonstrated for the first time, the conceptual methodical approach to solving the identified problems has been justified, and prospects for its implementation have been outlined, with due consideration for the further development of the pharmaceutical market and the introduction of personalized pharmaceutical care. The study has been conducted on the basis of systematic analytical structuring of the information data and the results of independent research with the identification of global trends and the determination of practical significance, as well as scientific perspectives in the field under study.

Morphological and physico-chemical properties of erythrocytes encapsulated by terpenoindol alkaloids (TIA) by nephelometry and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes in a medium with low concentrations of sodium chloride have been studied. Changes in the morphological and physico-chemical parameters of TIA-loaded erythrocyte carriers and freshly isolated erythrocytes have been studied. It was found that during the process of encapsulation of TIA by a modified hypotonic swelling method, the morphological and physicochemical parameters of erythrocytes change insignificantly in comparison with the control.

The article describes the state of online learning at Voronezh State University and presents general information about its main components, such as e- library resources, electronic system for education process management, and the university’s online courses. Since 2001 the University is a participant of the scientific and technological program “Creation of the open education system in the Russian Federation”. Within the framework of this program an informational and educational portal Voronezh. OpeNet.ru − “Voronezh virtual university” has been established, which is a part of the mega-portal of the Russian informational and educational environment of open education (www.OpeNet.ru). In 2007 the University has started the work for implementation of network education based on LMS Moodle. Online education is being realized on three levels: e-library resources, organization of educational process (“Electronic University”), and online courses (distant courses, university online courses, and open online courses). Distant courses include 59 courses on ecology and learning foreign languages worked out in the framework of Tempus project. At present Voronezh State University is developing its own open online courses (MOOC) using the experience of Tomsk State University and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. The implementation of online learning makes it possible to realize two main principles of modern education − “education for everybody” and “lifelong education”.