Abstract In the German welfare state, the allocation of individuals in need to different systems of social protection is largely organised through legally defined categories. A key role is played by the category of ability to work, which marks the legal boundary between means-tested basic income support for jobseekers and social assistance for persons with reduced work capacity. However, this binary legal classification stands in structural tension with the typically continuous nature of health-related work capacity. In addition, health limitations may arise or worsen during periods of benefit receipt. Gradual deteriorations in health-related work capacity in particular may only be detected with delay, or only partially, by institutional monitoring and assessment procedures. As a result, a grey area may emerge between legally assumed work capacity and a potentially existing incapacity for work, in which individuals continue to be classified as capable of work despite substantial health limitations. Against this background, the article provides a tentative estimate of the size of this group and analyses its composition with regard to health status, socio-demographic characteristics, employment histories and interactions with jobcentres. It also examines subsequent employment prospects following the reported health-related work limitation. The analysis draws on data from the IAB household panel Labour Market and Social Security (PASS), linked with administrative process data from the Federal Employment Agency. The findings indicate that a group of benefit recipients classified as capable of work faces persistently and substantially reduced employment prospects. With a share of around eight per cent of all working-age benefit recipients, this group constitutes a socially and policy-relevant population.

This paper analyses effects of subsidised, predominantly non-standard, employment within the German labour market programme 'participation in the labour market' for long-term welfare recipients on their health satisfaction, health-based quality of life, satisfaction with standard of living and households' actual ownership of important goods (e.g., car or new clothes) or the lack thereof due to financial reasons. We differentiated subgroups by health, age and working hours. Data for participants and non-participants (but entitled to welfare benefits) stem from the first two waves (2020/2021) of the panel survey 'Quality of Life and Social Participation'. To identify causal effects, we employed matching methods based on administrative and survey data. Our findings show that 1 and 2 years after programme start, participation had significant positive effects on all indicators of health and standard of living. Thus, for the programme's focus group, subsidised employment, even if non-standard, can contribute to improving health and material well-being.

Data Resource Profile: Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) Mark Trappmann,* Sebastian Bähr, Jonas Beste, Andreas Eberl, Corinna Frodermann, Stefanie Gundert, Stefan Schwarz, Nils Teichler, Stefanie Unger and Claudia Wenzig Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security, Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany, Faculty for Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany and University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Labor Market and Socioeconomics, Nuremberg, Germany

In Germany, gainful employment as well as home and care work are still unequally distributed between men and women. Increasing female and maternal employment is anchored as a political goal in order to improve the financial situation of families and to strengthen the financial autonomy of women. Whether this goal can be achieved depends not only on structural conditions such as the provision of child-care facilities, but also on the attitudes of men and women towards work and family. The authors are looking at how actual working hours as well as preferred working hours of men and women vary according to the family context. To get an impression of unused potentials in the employment of mothers, this report reviews the attitudes of women on maternal employment and external child care. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

With the increased influx of refugees to Germany, the structure of the welfare benefit recipients has also changed. In many respects, refugees differ from other entries to the SGB II and present job centres with new challenges. Besides labour market relevant barriers, such as language deficits or lack of qualifications, they also have particular potential which must be utilised for rapid labour market integration. Based on the 2016 PASS survey, the SGB II new entries from Syria and Iraq are compared with other SGB II entries in order to examine differences in labour market relevant characteristics and activities. In addition to the social structure of this particular group in the SGB II, the authors take into account their employment opportunities and barriers to successful job referral, their experience with the job centres and their job search strategies. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Kinderarmut ist in Deutschland oft Dauerzustand: Rund 21 Prozent aller Kinder in Deutschland leben uber eine Zeitspanne von mindestens funf Jahren dauerhaft oder wiederkehrend in einer Armutslage. Weitere 10 Prozent machen temporare Armutserfahrungen. Armut bedeutet in Deutschland zwar meist nicht, kein Dach uber dem Kopf oder kein Essen zu haben. Doch konnen sich die betroffenen Kinder und ihre Familien vieles nicht leisten, was fur andere ganz normal zum Aufwachsen und Leben dazu gehort. Insbesondere wer dauerhaft in einer Armutslage aufwachst, erlebt Mangel und Verzicht. Zu diesen Ergebnissen kommt die vorliegende Studie. [Diese ist ein Zwischenbericht zum Forschungsprojekt Lebensumstande von Kindern im unteren Einkommensbereich (LeKiE) des Instituts fur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung.] (DIPF/Verlag/av).

Official statistics show that children more often depend on social benefits and are more likely to live in low income households than other population groups. The material situation of children has to be considered within the household and family context. Children living in single-parent households show a particularly high risk of poverty. The risk of poverty for children also increases with the number of siblings. Unemployment or a low qualification level of the parents, as well as a non-German nationality are often associated with material deprivation during childhood. Living in poverty often goes along with restricted educational opportunities and a lower degree of social participation. Looking at existing research, in our view, a broader consideration of child poverty which combines different poverty indicators is missing so far. Common concepts of defining poverty have both advantages and disadvantages. Thus, a combination of different approaches to measure poverty is recommended. In addition, the longitudinal life course perspective on child poverty should be further developed. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

This User Guide is meant to give information on general issues of the panel study 'Labour Market and Social Security' (PASS) and to offer assistance for the work with the datasets of the scientific use file (SUF). While the data reports, which are released for every wave, inform in detail about key statistics, data editing, generated variables and the weighting of a certain wave, the User Guide offers comprehensive information that is not specific for a single wave. Arne Bethmann, Benjamin Fuchs, Anja Wurdack: Getting started with PASS (8-10); Mark Trappmann: PASS backround (11-12); Mark Trappmann, Gerrit Muller; Arne Bethmann: Design of the study (13-22); Jonas Beste, Johannes Eggs, Stefanie Gundert, Claudia Wenzig: Instruments and interview programme (23-26); Benjamin Fuchs: Structure of the scientific use file and its datasets (27-47); Arne Bethmann: Variable types and their names (48-51); Daniel Gebhardt: Data editing (52-55); Mark Trappmann: Weighting (56-66); Daniel Gebhardt, Arne Bethmann: Key variables (68-80); Mark Trappmann: Weights (81-99); Daniel Gebhardt, Arne Bethmann: Generated variables (99-103); Daniel Gebhardt, Arne Bethmann: Constant characteristics (103-107) (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Im Zeitraum von Februar bis Juni 2011 werden ca. 12.000 Haushalte und etwa 20.000 Personen in Deutschland zu ihrer sozialen Sicherung und Lebensqualitat Es handelt sich hierbei um die funfte Befragungswelle der IAB-Panelstudie PASS. Der groste Teil der Haushalte wurde bereits viermal befragt und hat das Einverstandnis fur ein weiteres Interview gegeben. Daneben wurden in jeder Welle auch neue Haushalte fur die Langzeitstudie ausgewahlt. Diese ca. 1.000 Haushalte werden jeweils zum ersten Mal befragt. Der Methodenreport gibt den Interviewern Hinweise zu den Hintergrunden der Studie, zur Durchfuhrung der Befragung, zur Kontaktaufnahme mit den Befragungshaushalten und zum Interviewer-Verhalten. Weiterhin werden Informationen zum Fragebogen gegeben. (IAB2)

Dieser Datenreport gibt einen Uberblick uber die dritte Befragungswelle des Panels 'Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung' (PASS), fur die zwischen Dezember 2008 und August 2009 13.439 Personen in 9.535 Haushalten befragt wurden. Mit dem vorliegenden Datenreport der 3. Welle wurde erstmalig der Report in zwei Bestandteile aufgeteilt: 1. der wellenspezifische Datenreport (inkl. Codebuch) und 2. der wellenubergreifende User Guide. Der vorliegende Datenreport soll die wellenbezogenen Aspekte der Studie dokumentieren. Nach einem Kurzuberblick zu den Neuerungen und Besonderheiten der 3. Welle (Kapitel 1.3) werden die zentralen Kennzahlen zu Stichprobe und Ausschopfungsquoten der 3. Welle berichtet (Kapitel 2). Weiterhin werden die Schritte der Datenaufbereitung und die dabei getroffenen Entscheidungen erlautert (Kapitel 5) sowie ein Uberblick uber die generierten Variablen gegeben (Kapitel 4). Zusatzlich wird das Gewichtungsverfahren vorgestellt (Kapitel 6). In den gesonderten Tabellenbanden werden die Haufigkeiten aller im Scientific Use File enthaltenen Variablen, unterteilt nach den jeweiligen Datensatzen, aufgelistet, die in Welle 3 erhoben wurden (Band II bis Band V). (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) Additional Information Tabellenband II: Haushaltsdatensatz Tabellenband III: Personendatensatz Tabellenband IV: Spelldaten, Registerdaten und Gewichte Tabellenband V: Altersvorsorgedaten Fragebogen der 3. Welle Weitere Informationen zum Panel Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung.