Increasing the roasting time of soybeans from 15 (RSF15) to 25 (RSF25) min led to an important decrease in the antitryptic activity and immunoreactivity of the storage globulins, but it did not seem to greatly affect the concentrations of the indispensable amino acids in the protein. The RSF15 and RSF25 flours were used as the only protein sources in balanced diets for growing rats, and they were compared to a diet based on casein in a pair-feeding experiment. When roasted as usually happens at the workshop level (RSF15), soybean flour induced a significant hypertrophy of the pancreas. Increasing the roasting time by up to 25 min considerably improved the nutritional value of the soybean protein, without apparent consequence on the levels of free amino acid pools in the plasma and muscles. The data also indicated that the tissues of the small and large intestines of the young rat were sensitive to the hyperactivity of the intestinal microflora, and also possibly to the residual activity of some antinutritional factors.

― Dans une étude effectuée chez le rat, les graines crues de fève, lentille ou pois chiche ont été utilisées comme seule source protéique.Le régime (12% MA) a été calculé de façon à satis- faire les besoins de la croissance.Le CUDa de l'azote est respectivement de 72 -75 -76% dans le cas des lots fève -lentillepois chiche, mais le CUDa de certains acides aminés indispensables est nettement plus faible : 52 -51 -71 pour la méthionine; 60 -39 -78 pour la cystine; 73 -71 - 75 pour la valine alors que le CUDa de l'arginine est toujours plus élevé 87 -87 -82 dans le cas de la fève, de la lentille et du pois chiche respectivement.Les vitesses de croissance (6,1 à 9,1 g4) et les indices de consommation (2,1 à 2,5) sont satisfaisants mais l'étude des concentrations d'acides aminés libres du sang et du muscle, en relation avec les quantités ingérées digestibles, permet de déceler une disparité de la disponibilité des acides aminés apportés par les graines des 3 légumi- neuses.Nous en concluons que la thréonine du pois chiche, l'arginine et la lysine de la fève ainsi que la méthionine des 3 graines ne semblent que partiellement disponibles.fève 1 lentille 1 pois chiche 1 acide aminé 1 digestibilité 1 utilisation métabolique Summary ― Compared metabolic and digestive utilisations of faba bean, lentil and chick pea.Faba bean, lentil or chick-pea raw seeds were used as the only protein food in the rat.The balanced diet was designed to suit growth requirements.Nitrogen apparent digestibility coefficient (CUDa) was 72% in the faba bean, 75% in the lentil, 76% in the chick P ea groups respectively, but the CUDa of some essential amino acids were much lower : 52 -51 -71 % for methionine, 60 -39 -78% for cystine, 73 -71 -75% for valine, while arginine CUDa values (87 -87 -82) were higher than all other AA CUDa values.Growth rate (8.9 -6.7 -9.1 gld) and food intake index (2.1 -2.5 -2.2) were satisfactory.Blood and muscle free amino acid concentrations related to digestible intake showed that methionine from the 3 legumes, threonine from chick-pea, arginine and lysine from faba bean were not fully available.fababean / lentil / chick-pea / amino acid / digestibility / availability

The aim of this study was to assess the possible modifications in the conventional intestine when deprived of its symbiotic microflora. The experiment was designed to study the effect of a heavy antibiotic dose on fecal microflora during the 33-d treatment period as well as its effects upon the intestinal wall. Conventional adult mice received either a casein-starch diet (conventional controls) or an antibiotic-supplemented (0.66 % dry matter, DM) diet (treated conventionals); Furthermore, germ-free (axenic) mice taken from isolators to the open animal room received the same antibiotic-supplemented diet (treated axenics) Fecal microbial population remained around 10(8)/g in the conventional mice while it decreased to 10(3)/g in the treated conventional mice. Fecal microbial population of the treatedaxenic mice dropped to 10(2)/g. At the end of the 33-d treatment period, no significant difference in ileal villus height between the treated or control groups no difference either was seen in the aspects of the villus and cell surface as shown by scanning electron microscopy. In the control group, however, development of bacterial colonies exhibiting various shapes were observed on the intestinal mucus. Although it was found that antibiotic treatment was followed by significant changes in microbial population and biochemical composition of digestive contents, this study concluded that the structure of the distal ileal epithelium was not impaired.

The aim of this study was to assess the possible modifications in the conventional intestine when deprived of its symbiotic microflora. The experiment was designed to study the effect of a heavy antibiotic dose on fecal microflora during the 33-d treatment period as well as its effects upon the intestinal wall. Conventional adult mice received either a casein-starch diet (conventional controls) or an antibiotic-supplemented (0.66% dry matter, DM) diet (treated conventionals); Furthermore, germ-free (axenic) mice taken from isolators to the open animal room received the same antibiotic-supplemented diet (treated axenics) Fecal microbial population remained around 10(8)/g in the conventional mice while it decreased to 10(3)/g in the treated conventional mice. Fecal microbial population of the treated axenic mice dropped to 10(2)/g. At the end of the 33-d treatment period, no significant difference in ileal villus height between the treated or control groups no difference either was seen in the aspects of the villus and cell surface as shown by scanning electron microscopy. In the control group, however, development of bacterial colonies exhibiting various shapes were observed on the intestinal mucus. Although it was found that antibiotic treatment was followed by significant changes in microbial population and biochemical composition of digestive contents, this study concluded that the structure of the distal ileal epithelium was not impaired.

Faba bean, lentil or chick-pea raw seeds were used as the only protein food in the rat. The balanced diet was designed to suit growth requirements. Nitrogen apparent digestibility coefficient (CUDa) was 72% in the faba bean, 75% in the lentil, 76% in the chick-pea groups respectively, but the CUDa of some essential amino acids were much lower: 52-51-71% for methionine, 60-39-78% for cystine, 73-71-75% for valine, while arginine CUDa values (87-87-82) were higher than all other AA CUDa values. Growth rate (8.9-6.7-9.1 g/d) and food intake index (2.1-2.5-2.2) were satisfactory. Blood and muscle free amino acid concentrations related to digestible intake showed that methionine from the 3 legumes, threonine from chick-pea, arginine and lysine from faba bean were not fully available.

Fecal amino acid composition in germfree and conventional rats and lambs.Apparent dry matter, nitrogen and aminoacid (AA) digestibilities were higher in germfree (gf) and conventional (cv) lambs than in gf and cv rats.Faecal dry matter, nitro- gen and AA excretions were lower in gf than in cv environment for lambs fed UHT- sterilized milk.On the other hand, faecal excretions were higher in gf environment for rats fed an autoclaved casein diet.

6 conventional and 5 germfree male lambs were fed ad libitum a UHT sterilized cow milk. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Whole feces were collected for 5 consecutive days. Growth rate reached 259 g/d for the germfree. Daily fecal excretion of dry matter and nitrogenous compounds are not found different in the two groups of animals. The influence of intestinal microflora appears on the biochemical composition of the feces. As compared to the conventional fecal proteins from germfree lambs are very high in threonine and serine and low in lysine. Moreover the difference of amino acid composition between these two groups come not only from the histidine alanine and arginine composition of bacteries; it also involves the high levels of threonine serine cystine and tyrosine of the endogenous digestive proteins.

Intestinal tissues are found to incorporate L threonine 14CU at faster rate in the absence of microflora. Most of the radioactivity of the digestive contents occurs in the TCA soluble compounds, except in the coecum and large intestine of the conventional rats where the microflora synthetized its own proteins from the labelled digestive material. Free threonine is the main labelled soluble compound in the conventional rats digestive contents. In the other hand, in the germfree rats digestive contents, radioactivity of the other compounds is found in higher concentration than free threonine.

intestine of the holoxenic rat.In each group of rats, the bile acid composition observed in the small intestine and in the bile is different.When holoxenic and gnotoxenic rats were provided with a jejunal self-filling blind loop, an increase in the faecal excretion of fat took place together with a decrease in the amount of conjugated bile acids at the level of small intestine.Deoxycholic acid was not observed in the gnotoxenic rat : therefore, presence of deoxycholic acid does not appear to be necessary to the development of steatorrhea in the blind loop syndrome.Forty-eight hours after interruption of the entero-hepatic cycle, the biliary bile acid compo- sition in the axenic rats and in the holoxenic rats were found to be similar : particularly, similar relative amounts of cholic acid and p-murieholic acid were observed in both groups.As a result, in the bile of the axenic rat, the amount of cholic acid was higher than that of p-muricholic acid.In the holoxenic rats, a nearly total disappearance of the bacterial metabolites of bile acids had already taken place.