采集广东省3个城市、4个马场的马厩、训练场、打圈场及过道中的土壤、沙粒样本共计355份,采用优化改良的菌落印记方法对广东省部分马场土壤马红球菌(Rhodococcus equi,R.equi)进行分布调查.结果 显示,马场土壤中普遍存在R.equi,其平均菌量达106 CFU/g;训练场和打圈场的R.equi菌量和分离率都相对较高,而马场和季度之间的R.equi菌量和分离率均无明显差异,表明R.equi在马场土壤中的分布与马匹活动有关,与季节、地理位置等其他因素无明显相关性;因此,马场应注意马匹活动区域的定期清洁和消毒.本研究通过系统的流行病学方法进行调查与分析,为R.equi防控及治疗提供理论基础和依据,并为我国R.equi种质资源库的建立提供基本资源,具有重要的公共卫生学意义.

Currently, Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 is continuously circulating in dog populations in China, Korea, and the United States (US). Both influenza SA-α-2,3-Gal and SA-α-2,6-Gal receptors have been observed in the respiratory tracts of both horses and dogs. Hence, the increasing number of CIV H3N2 cases in the world indicates a potential risk for transspecies transmission to horses with dog exposure. Here, a seroepidemiological survey of CIV H3N2 infections in horses was conducted using hemagglutination inhibition (HI), microneutralization (MN) and the chicken embryo neutralization test (CENT). From April 2014 to November 2016, 399 sera from race horses were collected in Guangzhou, Dongguan, Huizhou, and Shenzhen in China. Nine specimens (2.2%, 9/399) were positive for CIV H3N2 with HI titers ≥ 1:20, MN titers ≥ 1:80 and CENT titers ≥ 1:80. Furthermore, these positive horses showed significant correlation with dog exposure, and some dogs (20%, 3/15) from the same riding clubs as the positive horses also possessed antibodies against CIV H3N2. This study is the first to provide seroepidemiological evidence of CIV H3N2 infection in horses with exposure to dogs. Based on these findings, continuous serological and virological surveillance of CIV H3N2 infection among horses is imperative, and further animal experiments should be performed.

为探究马散发性淋巴管炎的发病、复发机制,通过对自然发病马匹的临床症状进行检查和综合评分,并对比复发前、后与有病史未发病以及健康无病史马匹的血液生化及常规检测结果,进行差异性比较和相关性分析.结果显示,患马表现为典型的低热、心率和呼吸频率明显升高及发病部位腿围显著增大等临床症状;呈现为白细胞、血小板数显著升高,淋巴细胞数显著降低且与临床严重程度呈正相关;白蛋白及球蛋白的质量浓度均显著高于正常马匹;钙、磷、血糖浓度显著降低、肌酐浓度显著升高等代谢增强现象.另外,有病史马匹肌酐浓度显著高于无病史马匹,其作为该病评价指标或病史调查指示参数用于马匹购买的评价还有待于进一步研究.与有病史未复发马匹相比,复发马匹白蛋白质量浓度显著升高,其高质量浓度可能是该病复发的诱因之一.因此,建议竞技马匹非训练期间降低高蛋白饲料摄入量,以防该病发生.总之,初步探讨了马散发性淋巴管炎的发病、复发机制,为该病的防治提供了参考.