This study responds to calls to conceptualize resilience as a dynamic process by examining individual trajectories of emotional exhaustion and affective commitment over time in the face of ongoing role demands. In contrast to research conceptualizing resilience as a dispositional trait, we conceptualize resilience in terms of patterns of between-individual variation in response trajectories (dynamic resilience). In a longitudinal study spanning three months and 12 observational periods, we show that individuals high in emotional stability had more static affective commitment trajectories and that organizational newcomers had less pronounced emotional exhaustion trajectories in response to ongoing demands. Both the patterns shown for those with high emotional stability and newcomers are indicative of greater dynamic resilience. Furthermore, we found that affective commitment trajectories were significant predictors of actual retention through the mediating mechanism of intent to remain. We discuss how our approach offers opportunities to study resilience in dynamic settings.

Marching band (MB) members rehearse for pre-game and half-time performances outdoors for several hours a day starting at the end of July or beginning of August. There is lack of research on energy needs (e.g., energy availability) and proper hydration in MB during these hot months. PURPOSE: To examine energy availability and hydration status among MB members. A secondary purpose was to examine differences between sex. METHODS: We utilized data from a larger cross-sectional study. MB artists (n=37, Males: n=12, age: 19.8±1.4 years, height: 177.1±7.8 cm, weight: 74.6±23.8 kg; Females: n=25, age: 20.0±1.1 years, weight: 68.4±16.4 kg; height: 163.3±4.6 cm) from an NCAA Division I institution completed a survey (eg, basic demographics, band background, etc.) and were measured for height, weight, body composition, and resting metabolic rate (RMR). For 7-days, participants completed an online dietary log to measure energy intake (EI), wore a Polar m200 watch to estimate exercise energy expenditure (EEE) during rehearsals and gameday performances, and provided a morning urine sample to measure urine specific gravity (Usg). Low energy availability (LEA) was defined as <30 kcal/kg FFM/day and hypohydration was Usg >1.025. Basic descriptive statistics examined all energy needs and Usg. Chi square were used to identify proportions of members “at risk” for LEA and hypohydration and compared the differences across sex. RESULTS: Significant differences were found for EI for males and females respectively (2090.2±676.7 kcal, 1531.0± 460.8 kcals, P=.002)). No significant differences were found for EEE and EA for males and females (335.5±66.0 kcal, 333.8± 66.9 kcals and 23.6±11.0 kcal/kg FFM, 22.9± 10.1 kcal/kg FFM). Overall, 73.7% (n=28) were at risk for LEA. No significant differences were found for Usg and sex (Males: 1.022±.006, Females: 1.022±.005), however 36.8% (n=14) reported chronically hypohydrated (> 4/7 days >1.025). Of those with LEA (n=28), 31.6% (n=12) also reported to be chronically hypohydrated. CONCLUSION: The majority of MB members had LEA and over a third were also chronically hypohydrated. Due to performances in hot and humid environments, as well as the physical demands associated with MB, healthcare professionals should provide resources and education on hydration and proper fueling for MB artists.

CONTEXT:To our knowledge, no researchers have investigated thermoregulatory responses and exertional heat illness (EHI) risk factors in marching band (MB) artists performing physical activity in high environmental temperatures.OBJECTIVE:To examine core temperature (Tc) and EHI risk factors in MB artists.DESIGN:Descriptive epidemiology study.SETTING:Three rehearsals and 2 football games for 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution's MBs.PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:Nineteen volunteers (females = 13, males = 6; age = 20.5 ± 0.9 years, height = 165.1 ± 7.1 cm, mass = 75.0 ± 19.1 kg) completed the study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):We measured Tc, wet bulb globe temperature, and relative humidity preactivity, during activity, and postactivity. Other variables were activity time and intensity, body surface area, hydration characteristics (fluid volume, sweat rate, urine specific gravity, percentage of body mass loss), and medical history (eg, previous EHI, medications). The statistical analysis consisted of descriptive information (mean ± standard deviation), comparative analyses that determined differences within days, and correlations that identified variables significantly associated with Tc.RESULTS:The mean time for rehearsals was 102.8 ± 19.8 minutes and for games was 260.5 ± 47.7 minutes. Mean maximum Tc was 39.1 ± 1.1°C for games and 38.4 ± 0.7°C for rehearsals; the highest Tc (41.2°C) occurred during a game. Fluid consumption did not match sweat rates (P < .001). Participants reported to games in a hypohydrated state 63.6% of the time. The maximum Tc correlated with the maximum wet bulb globe temperature (r = 0.618, P < .001) and was higher in individuals using mental health medications (rpb = -0.254, P = .022) and females (rpb = 0.330, P = .002). Body surface area (r = -0.449, P < .001) and instrument mass (r = -0.479, P < .001) were negatively correlated with Tc.CONCLUSIONS:Marching band artists experienced high Tc during activity and should have access to athletic trainers who can implement EHI-prevention and -management strategies.