You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster: Monday, May 22, 2006, 1:00 - 4:00 pm1 Apr 2006766: Cost Analysis of Outpatient Unilateral Extravesical Ureteral Reimplant Versus Endoscopic Injection of Dextronomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer for Unilateral Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children James F. Smith, S. Scott Putman, Brent W. Snow, Patrick C. Cartwright, and Catherine R. deVries James F. SmithJames F. Smith More articles by this author , S. Scott PutmanS. Scott Putman More articles by this author , Brent W. SnowBrent W. Snow More articles by this author , Patrick C. CartwrightPatrick C. Cartwright More articles by this author , and Catherine R. deVriesCatherine R. deVries More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33002-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "766: Cost Analysis of Outpatient Unilateral Extravesical Ureteral Reimplant Versus Endoscopic Injection of Dextronomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer for Unilateral Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 249 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 249 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information James F. Smith More articles by this author S. Scott Putman More articles by this author Brent W. Snow More articles by this author Patrick C. Cartwright More articles by this author Catherine R. deVries More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The histologic features of prostatic duct‐acinar dysplasia have been difficult to analyze ultrastructurally, because of the difficulty in properly selecting and processing such small, randomly situated grossly invisible lesions. We have succeeded in identifying dysplastic foci by examination of the cut surfaces of tissue slices under low magnification. Dsyplasia foci were excised from the slices and were compared to adjacent normal tissue by both light and electron microscopy. By electron microscopy (EM), normal secretory cells were filled with myriad tiny clear vacuoles, which were markedly diminished to absent in the cytoplasm of dysplastic cells. Both apocrine and eccrine secretion characterized normal epithelium and were diminished in dysplasia. EM showed striking features of nuclear abnormality more prominently than light microscopy, and qualitative basement membrane abnormalities were revealed. By EM analysis, dysplastic epithelium resembled that of invasive carcinoma more than normal epithelial cells.
Endoscopic urethroplasty is an excellent alternative to open repair of the traumatically disrupted posterior urethra. It offers the advantage of limiting surgical trauma to an already scarred urethra and pelvic floor. Our technique also allows fluoroscopic guidance of the recanalization procedure to align the new urethral channel precisely with minimum disruption of the nerves and muscles of the periurethral tissue and pelvic floor. It obviates the need for a second surgeon viewing the urethra from above as has been required in previously described techniques. This procedure allows for maximal preservation of residual post-traumatic continence and erectile function because it minimizes blind passage of instruments.
Although it is well established that respiratory uptake of lead-containing particles plays a substantial role in the epidemiology of plumbism, relatively little is known about the role of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage in lead poisoning. An in vitro system was designed to investigate the effects of lead oxide particles of respirable size on the rabbit alveolar macrophage. The studies were concerned with the intracellular solubility of PbO and Pb3O4 and changes in fine structure attributable to lead toxicity. The distribution of phagocytosed lead and its intracellular reprecipitation complexes was established by electron microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectroscopy in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and backscatter imaging. It was found that Pb3O4, PbO and PbO-coated particles were ingested by the rabbit alveolar macrophages and that each of these lead oxide compounds produced similar damage to the fine structure of the cell. Swelling of the mitochondria, nuclear membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum was common, as well as were characteristic reprecipitation complexes of lead, phosphorous, and calcium within the nuclear heterochromatin and cytoplasm of the cell. The precipitation complexes were not seen in cells incubated with the particles if phagocytosis was blocked by 0.22-microns, membrane filters. It was concluded that phagocytosis of these lead oxide particles was necessary to produce the cytopathic changes. It is suggested that solubilization of lead from the ingested particles in phagosomes of macrophages results in the liberation of intracellular lead with the resultant formation of reprecipitation complexes.
The application of ion microanalysis (IMA) to the chemical characterization of freeze-fixed, freeze-dried cells is reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to pathological studies involving the determination of the chemical composition of isolated cells (e.g. rabbit alveolar macrophages--RAMs) exposed in vitro to toxic species (e.g. Pb3O4 particles). Ion microscopic results indicated that lead from Pb3O4 migrated into the RAMs and subsequently formed phosphorous-containing compounds. Quantitative comparisons of the relative concentrations of physiologic elements in Pb3O4-treated versus control RAMs also were made using ion microanalytical techniques. The Pb3O4 results illustrate that the three-dimensional analysis capabilities of the IMA may be exploited for the in situ observation of the penetration of xenobiotic agents into cell interiors and their subsequent intracellular chemistry. The potential advantages of ion microanalysis for the characterization of cells include high elemental sensitivity (including low atomic number elements and diffusible ions), broad elemental coverage, three dimensional analysis, and isotopic information. The major limitations include non-idealities of the ion sputtering process, the constraints on the lateral resolution available to identify subcellular features, and the difficulties inherent in the determination of absolute elemental concentrations.