Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, People’s Republic of China Background: The incidence and prognosis of coronary slow-flow (CSF) and no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain unclear. Methods: This single-center prospective study aimed to investigate the incidence of CSF/ NRP during CTO interventional therapy, determine predictors of CSF/NRP, and evaluate its effect on patient outcomes. Results: In this study, 552 patients with CTO who underwent PCI were included. CSF/NRP occurred in 16.1% of them. They had higher incidences of diabetes mellitus (53.9% vs 36.3%, p=0.002) and hypertension (50.6% vs 37.1%, p=0.018) and a lower incidence of retrograde filling grade >2 (34.8% vs 47.1%, p=0.036). Patients with CSF/NRP had a higher neutrophil ratio (55.6±19.4 vs 52.4±18.3, p=0.038) and levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 3.0±0.8 vs 2.8±0.6, p=0.029), fasting glucose (FG; 8.3±1.3 vs 6.8±1.1, p=0.005), uric acid (332.6±82.9 vs 308.2±62.8, p=0.045), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP; 9.8±4.8 vs 7.3±3.9, p=0.036). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 1.962; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.198–2.721; p=0.042), mean platelet volume (MPV; OR,1.284; 95% CI, 1.108–1.895; p=0.046), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C; OR, 1.383; 95% CI, 1.105–2.491; p=0.036), FG (OR, 2.095; 95% CI, 1.495–2.899; p=0.018), Hs-CRP(OR, 2.218; 95% CI, 1.556–3.519; p=0.029), and retrograde filling of grade >2 (OR, 0.822; 95% CI, 0.622–0.907; p=0.037) were independent predictors of CSF/NRP in CTO patients who underwent PCI. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients in the CSF/NRP group had a significantly lower cumulative major cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)-free survival than those in the non-CSF/NRP group (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Of the patients with CTO who underwent PCI, 16.1% developed CSF/NRP and had a significantly lower cumulative MACCE-free survival rate. Diabetes mellitus; higher levels of MPV, LDL-C, FG, and Hs-CRP; and a lower incidence of retrograde filling grade >2 were independent predictors of CSF/NRP in CTO patients who underwent PCI. Thus, they can be used for risk stratification.

目的 对比增强经颅多普勒( Contrast enhanced transcranial Doppler,cTCD)检测隐源性脑卒中(Cryptogenic stroke,CS) 患者中右向左分流(Right-to-Left shunt,RLS)的发生率及分流量的分级,分析CS与RLS的相关性.方法 入选18～55岁CS患者44例为病例组,健康志愿者33例为对照组,应用cTCD和cTTE诊断RLS并对分流量进行分级,比较2种检查方法的检出阳性率,cTCD对病例组和对照组RLS检出的阳性率对比并进行统计学分析.结果 cTCD和cTTE诊断RLS的阳性率交叉比较无明显差异(P=0. 18).用cTCD检查的病例组中, RLS的总阳性率为47. 7% (21/44),其中大量分流的阳性率为27. 3% (12/44);对照组中RLS的总阳性率30. 3% (10/33),其中大量分流的阳性率为9% (3/33);2组RLS总阳性率的比较,病例组与对照组比较无统计学差异( χ2=2. 380,P=0. 123);病例组的大量分流阳性率显著高于对照组(χ2 =3. 974,P=0. 042).结论 cTCD检测RLS的方法是可靠的,RLS与CS相关,其中大量分流可能与CS的发生有强的相关性,可以用cTCD检测RLS,并且根据分流量分级评估,cTCD和cTEE联合检查可以增加PFO的检出率.

Background Sex differences in the long-term prognosis of symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients undergoing alcohol septal ablation (ASA) remain unclear, especially in the Chinese Han population. Method This cohort study included 320 HOCM Chinese Han patients who underwent ASA because of symptomatic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Patients were grouped according to sex: females (mean +/- standard deviation age [SD] 50.7 +/- 6.8 years) and males (mean6SD age 52.6 +/- 7.3 years). Individuals were followed over the long term. Results Pre-procedure, women had more symptoms (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III-IV 67.3% vs 56.3%, p=0.03), more atrial fibrillation (23.5% vs 14.6%, p=0.047) than men. Transient complete atrioventricular block after ASA was more common in woman than in men (34.0 vs 23.4%; p=0.048). Residual LVOT gradient, post-procedural residual left ventricular wall thickness, NYHA functional class, and adverse arrhythmic events were comparable between the two groups. The 10-year survival rate (77% vs 89%, p=0.037) and the annual adverse arrhythmic event rate (1.3% vs 0.4%, p<0.01) following ASA were significantly worse in women compared with men. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly lower survival in women compared with men (p=0.023). In multivariable modelling, female sex remained independently associated with higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.27; p=0.03) when adjusted for age, NYHA class III-IV symptoms, and other cardiovascular comorbidities. Conclusions Female patients with HOCM undergoing ASA tended to have more severe symptoms and adverse arrhythmic events. The 10-year survival rate after ASA was significantly worse in women compared with men with HOCM. Sex may need to be considered as an important factor in the clinical management of patients with symptomatic HOCM.

Background Patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) require effective antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Ticagrelor has more pronounced platelet inhibition than clopidogrel. However, the most appropriate dose of ticagrelor in East Asian populations remains unclear. Method We compared ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose, 90 mg twice daily thereafter and 120 mg loading dose, 60 mg twice daily thereafter) and clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose, 75 mg daily thereafter) for prevention of cardiovascular events in 525patients with CTO undergoing PCI. Results The rate of in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) was not different between the groups. At 1-year follow-up, target vessel revascularization (TVR) in both ticagrelor groups were significantly lower than that in the clopidogrel group ( p = 0.047); TVR was significantly decreased in 60 mg ticagrelor compared to standard dose clopidogrel ( p = 0.046). At 1-year follow-up, overall MACCE in both ticagrelor groups were significantly lower than that in the clopidogrel group ( p = 0.023). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed MACCE-free survival was significantly higher in both ticagrelor groups than in the clopidogrel group ( p = 0.024). During hospitalization, minor bleeding was significant increased in the 90 mg ticagrelor group ( p = 0.021). At 1-year follow-up, risk of major and minor bleeding were significantly increased in the 90 mg ticagrelor group. Conclusion In East Asian patients with CTO undergoing PCI, 60 mg ticagrelor was as effective as 90 mg, at the same time significantly reduced risk of bleeding.

目的 比较小剂量替格瑞洛(120 mg负荷量,序贯60 mg 2/d,口服)与常规剂量氯吡格雷(300 mg负荷量,序贯75 mg 1/d,口服)在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞性病变(CTO)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后抗血小板治疗的有效性与安全性.方法 研究共入选357例成功接受PCI的CTO患者,随机分为两组:接受小剂量替格瑞洛组175例和接受氯吡格雷治疗组182例,详细记录患者住院期间及随访1年的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)与出血事件.结果 低剂量替格瑞洛组在住院期间MACCE与标准剂量氯吡格雷组无显著差异(2.3％vs.4.4％,P=0.381).住院期间低剂量替格瑞洛组小出血风险显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(2.3％vs.7.7％,P=0.027),大出血方面均无显著差异(0.6％vs.0.5％,P=1.00).随访至1年,低剂量替格瑞洛组MACCE显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(2.3％vs.7.1％,P=0.045),其中靶血管再次血运重建(TVR)比例显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(5.1％vs.11.5％,P=0.035).Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示低剂量替格瑞洛组1年无MACCE生存率显著高于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(P=0.005).随访至1年,低剂量替格瑞洛组小出血风险显著低于标准剂量氯吡格雷组(4.6％vs.11.0％,P=0.030),大出血方面均无显著差异(1.1％vs.2.2％,P=0.685).结论 中国人CTO患者PCI后接受小剂量替格瑞洛较常规剂量氯吡格雷,可显著降低TVR和复合MACCE事件,同时降低小出血风险.

Background: The incidence and prognosis of coronary slow-flow (CSF) and no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain unclear. Methods: This single-center prospective study aimed to investigate the incidence of CSF/ NRP during CTO interventional therapy, determine predictors of CSF/NRP, and evaluate its effect on patient outcomes. Results: In this study, 552 patients with CTO who underwent PCI were included. CSF/NRP occurred in 16.1% of them. They had higher incidences of diabetes mellitus (53.9% vs 36.3%, p=0.002) and hypertension (50.6% vs 37.1%, p=0.018) and a lower incidence of retrograde filling grade >2 (34.8% vs 47.1%, p=0.036). Patients with CSF/NRP had a higher neutrophil ratio (55.6 +/- 19.4 vs 52.4 +/- 18.3, p=0.038) and levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 3.0 +/- 0.8 vs 2.8 +/- 0.6,p=0.029), fasting glucose (FG; 8.3 +/- 1.3 vs 6.8 +/- 1.1,p=0.005), uric acid (332.6 +/- 82.9 vs 308.2 +/- 62.8, p=0.045), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP; 9.8 +/- 4.8 vs 7.3 +/- 3.9, p=0.036). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 1.962; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.198-2.721; p=0.042), mean platelet volume (MPV; OR,1.284; 95% CI, 1.108-1.895; p=0.046), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C; OR, 1.383; 95% CI, 1.105-2.491; p=0.036), FG (OR, 2.095; 95% CI, 1.495-2.899; p=0.018), Hs-CRP(OR, 2.218; 95% CI, 1.556-3.519; p=0.029), and retrograde filling of grade >2 (OR, 0.822; 95% CI, 0.622-0.907; p=0.037) were independent predictors of CSF/NRP in CTO patients who underwent PCI. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients in the CSF/NRP group had a significantly lower cumulative major cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)-free survival than those in the non-CSF/NRP group (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Of the patients with CTO who underwent PCI, 16.1% developed CSF/NRP and had a significantly lower cumulative MACCE-free survival rate. Diabetes mellitus; higher levels of MPV, LDL-C, FG, and Hs-CRP; and a lower incidence of retrograde filling grade >2 were independent predictors of CSF/NRP in CTO patients who underwent PCI. Thus, they can be used for risk stratification.

A fuzzy multivariate based line traffic prediction model and a station traffic proportion inference model are proposed in order to predict line entrance traffic and station traffic in the Shanghai subway system. The nonlinear autoregressive with external input (NARX) is adopted to predict subway li ne traffic. Correlative features that influence the line traffic time series are identified by time series trend analysis, including meteorological features, time features, and proportion of commuter passenger features. A time series correlation method and fuzzy c-means (FCM) is proposed to simplify the feature set by deleting the features of small coefficients between features and traffic series. We determine the statistics of all stations' traffic proportion of a subway line in order to construct a proportion matrix, and an eigenvector based station traffic proportion inference model is proposed to predict the future station traffic proportion, which is combined with the subway line traffic prediction results to realize subway station traffic prediction. We evaluate our model on the dataset of smart card records and weather condition dataset of one month in the Shanghai subway system. Experiment results confirm our proposed model's advantages over baseline approaches.

In wireless body area networks WBANs, node trajectory prediction is the basis of routing, power controlling, lifetime prolonging and connectivity maintaining. The grey model is adopted and improved in node trajectory prediction in this paper. A novel variable weight buffer for the grey model is introduced to solve the problem of inconsistency between qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation. The relationship between variable weight and its regulation degree is then discussed. Furthermore, an input data feature-based self-adaptive strategy is proposed to address the restrictions of nodes' calculation capacity and limited storage space. This feature allows the user to determine the variable weight automatically. The proposed algorithm holds the capability to identify high-quality forecasting over the database of MSR Daily Activity 3D, which is captured by Microsoft Research and contains 16 daily activities, and it outperforms existing methods significantly in terms of effectiveness and adaptability.

The cross-layered concept of wireless network breaks the traditional network layered concept to realize interaction between layers. In addition, the broadcasting nature of a wireless environment makes cooperative communications possible. In this paper, by utilizing the cross-layer optimization scheme, we introduce the fuzzy time series predication model that has linear computational complexity to forecast network performance. When we establish a fuzzy time series model, the sent queue length of the link layer is taken into consideration for the network layer's throughput prediction. In addition, we propose a fuzzy time series-based congestion control framework that is combined with a cooperative communication mechanism, and we apply the fuzzy time series prediction results in the preprocessing of network congestion. Through simulation, we demonstrate that the proposed cross-layer cooperative strategies achieve significant network throughput improvement and average packet delivery ratio.

To meet the wireless network congestion control problem, we give a definition of congestion degree classification and propose a mechanism of directed cooperative path net, guided by the wireless network's cross-layer design methods and node cooperation principles. Considering the virtual collision and "starved" phenomenon in congested networks, the QRD mechanism and channel competition mechanism QPCG are proposed, with introducing the game theory into the cross-layer design. Simulation results showed that directed cooperative path nets could effectively improve network resource utilization and network transmission performance in congested network. And the QRD and QPCG mechanism could effectively reduce the probability of "starved" phenomenon and increased the wireless network throughput with reducing the packet loss rate.

With the participation of WTO and opening of tobacco markets,traditional "command" style of leadership has not adapted to employee management under the new situation.The paper focuses on the role of incentive theory in development of tobacco business employee potential,help improve the employees ' passion for enterprise employee and create more business value.

本文试图通过回顾前人对精准营销的相关研究,剖析目前行业内逐步推广实施的精准营销模式的局限性,并从行业打造大品牌的战略发展要求出发,结合现代营销理论框架下的精准营销核心理念,重点阐述新形势下卷烟商业企业通过零售客户细分实施精准营销的系统性理论。

Lacking effective management means for production, storage, transportation, marketing and other aspects is the existing problems in the current fireworks and firecrackers security supervision. We propose a design method on constructing the safety supervision platform of the whole process of fireworks and firecrackers production with the background of the emerging Internet of Things (IOT for short), the use of RFID technology, combined with the 3G networks, GPS/GIS, video camera technology to constitute the architecture of the platform. In this article, we also present the crucial technology of constructing the platform and relevant implementation, including the associated matching algorithms between the RFID tags and two dimensional codes, building methods of fireworks and firecrackers quality model by theory of ontology-based context modeling. It achieves full supervision and traceability management in production, storage, transportation, wholesale and retail. And it can provide summary statistics and on-site real-time dynamic queries.

This paper presents an enhanced jumping and dynamic searching anti-collision algorithm based on dynamic binary anti-collision algorithm and backtracking binary-tree search anti-collision algorithm in order to solve the problem of multi-tag collision in RFID systems. This algorithm also introduces three states for RFID tag to reduce the unnecessary tag response such as sleep, inactive, and active. By simulation, the enhanced jumping and dynamic algorithm has greatly improved the numbers of inquiries and communication traffic, thereby extends the life cycle of the RFID tag.

Specific to the frequent congestion problems for Ad-Hoc Networks, using the idea of cross-layer design, combined with the principle of node cooperation, integrating the directed graph theory in the local route selection, presents a mechanism of pseudo directed path graph to solve the congestion problems in Ad-Hoc Networks. Selecting the best local cooperative node by adding trust level in the cooperative nodes, achieves the purpose of rapidly completing the partial path reconstruction. Through simulation experiments, the protection of congested nodes in Ad-Hoc Networks, by pseudo directed path graph, can alleviate the load pressure of the congestion node effectively, improve the network's end-to-end throughput greatly, thereby, enhance the service quality for the entire network.

To meet the shortage of the typically routing metrics used in wireless mesh network, this paper proposed a new routing metric for wireless mesh network—CAETT (Congestion Avoidance Expected Transmission Time), comparing with several other routing metrics. With the queue’s utilization rate and the transmit situation of control frames in 802.11 protocol’s MAC layer, a reasonable path is chosen in terms of the channel competition status, link data frame delivery rate and the node’s queue utilization rate. After that the advantages of this new routing metric and its applications were discussed. Finally the simulation experiments show the good network performance.

Service Recovery refers the service personnel makes reaction and actions to the flaws and mistakes in the service process.As a new concept of marketing theory,Service Recovery has been gotten the attention by more and more areas.Because the service itself is not controllable,it is difficult to make all retail customers be satisfied.This paper attempts to review previous research on Service Recovery,so as to provide a reference for the application of this concept in the current practices of the tobacco business enterprises,comprehensively display the relationship between Service Recovery factors and customer satisfaction.How to conduct effective service recovery for the tobacco commercial enterprises becomes the focus of the study.

In the stock exchange, the trade duration reflect the important information about market exchange. So it has great effects on the bargainer's behaviors and the liquidity of the stock market exchange. For testing the infection of the trade duration in the stock exchange, the paper chooses two stocks in Shanghai Stock Exchange to study their trade duration with ACD model based on MCMC, discusses the characteristics related to duration, and checks the extent between the ACD model and China Stock Exchange Market. The research shows that the ACD model match well with China Stock Exchange.

Bid-price control is a popular method for controlling the sale of inventory in revenue management.It is well known that the network capacity control problem can be formulated as a dynamic programming model.In this paper,we approximate the optimal dynamic programming value function with an affine function of the state vector and develop our model based on the flight segment demands.We show that the resulting problem is the deterministic linear programming(DLP) for computing network bid-prices.The DLP yields tighter bounds than the classical DLP.We give a column generation procedure for solving the DLP within a desired optimality tolerance,and provide simulation experiments.The numerical results show the policy perform from our solution approach can outperform that from the classical DLP.