IntroductionThe genesis mechanism of cratonic strike-slip faults in the Sichuan basin is not yet fully resolved, largely due to the lack of comprehensive characterization of fault distribution, which constrains the understanding of the relationship between fault development and tectonic events.MethodIn this study, we supplement extensive three-dimensional seismic data from areas beyond central Sichuan to delineate fault distribution across the entire basin. By integrating these findings with regional tectonic processes, the genesis mechanisms of these faults are proposed.ResultThe results reveal that cratonic strike-slip faults are exclusively concentrated in central Sichuan and the Weiyuan area, with no such faults observed elsewhere in the basin. This spatial restriction suggests that their formation was governed by the unique tectonic evolution of central Sichuan.DiscussionFurthermore, three lines of evidence prove that multi-stage uplifts played a pivotal role in fault development: (1) Faults of varying orientations exhibit distinct development periods, aligning with regional uplift phases; (2) Fault orientations correlate with the bending directions of strata induced by uplifts; and (3) Additional examples of analogous faults in Jurassic strata near the foreland front uplift further corroborate the link between fault orientation and strata bending caused by uplift processes. The central Sichuan region, characterized by superimposed multi-phase paleo-uplift evolution, thus serves as the focal zone for these faults. It is also inferred that the so-called “cratonic strike-slip” fault system in central Sichuan is not a genuine strike-slip system but rather a composite of normal faults with different directions and periods. The genesis of these normal faults is attributed to the tensile strain resulting from strata bending during uplift events. This study not only provides a more comprehensive characterization of fault distribution but also introduces a novel genetic model for these faults, which provides crucial data and new ideas for improving the theory of the fault system within the basins.

Diagenesis is a series of physical and chemical reactions that take place after deposition. Using cores, thin sections, cathode luminescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, inclusions analysis, geochemical analysis and pore permeability data, the diagenesis, and its influence on the tight sandstone reservoir of Xu 2 member in the southwest Sichuan Basin has been analyzed. The reservoirs of the southwest Sichuan Basin mainly consist of feldspathic feldspathic sandstone, feldspathic feldspathic sandstone, and felsic sandstone, with an average porosity of 3.57

Reservoirs of large platform margin mound-shoal complexes of the fourth member of Dengying Formation (Deng 4 Member) are developed in the margin of the Deyang-Anyue intra-cratonic rift in the Sichuan Basin and it is the main pay horizon of the Anyue gas field. A clear understanding of the reservoir genetic mechanism of the mound-shoal complexes is the key to predicting the distribution of high-quality reservoirs and guiding the deployment of exploration. Based on the data of drilling, seismic, outcrop, and analytical data, this paper analyzes the reservoir characteristics and genetic mechanism of the mound-shoal complexes at the margin of the Deng 4 Member and obtains three new understandings: (1) Platform margin mound-shoal reservoirs are developed on the margin of Deyang-Anyue intra-cratonic rift in Sichuan Basin. The mound-shoal complexes are mainly composed of algal mounds and bioclastic shoals in multiple stages. The reservoir space is mainly dissolution pores, caverns, and fractures, with low porosity and low permeability in general. (2) The reservoir can be divided into three types, i.e., the fracture-dissolution pore type, the dissolution pore type, and the matrix pore type, and the reservoirs of fracture-dissolution pore type are high-quality reservoirs; the development of reservoirs is mainly controlled by the platform margin mound-shoal complexes, the penecontemporaneous interstratal karst, and two-stage weathering crust karstification as well as multi-stage disruptive actions; the upper part of the reservoir in the same stage is good, and the reservoir at the top of Deng 4 Member is good. (3) Before the Himalayan movement, the reservoir forming and the environments of the two platform margin mound-shoal complexes were the same, and the characteristics of the formation of the reservoir were similar. The Himalayan movement led to a great difference in the current buried depth of the reservoir, resulting in a host of fractures and retaining a host of dissolution pores and caverns. The whole platform margin mound-shoal complexes have large-scale reservoirs developed and have a good exploration prospect. The results enrich the theory of ancient and deep carbonate reservoir forming and its genetic mechanism and provide the geological basis for the deployment of exploration.

The Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou formations (Fms), are important targets for current gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin. In recent years, high-yield industrial gas flow has been obtained in different structural zones of the basin. Based on the molecular and isotopic compositions of natural gas and reservoir bitumen, biomarker composition, and geological conditions, the genetic types, maturity, and sources of natural gas reservoired in the Qixia and Maokou Fms in different structural zones in the basin were analyzed. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the molecular and isotopic compositions of natural gas reservoired in the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou Fms from different areas in the Sichuan Basin differ considerably; (2) the Middle Permian natural gas is oil-type gas, which is mainly generated by oil cracking; (3) most of the natural gas reservoired in the Qixia and Maokou Fms in the Sichuan Basin has reached the over-mature stage. The maturity of the natural gas from the northwestern Sichuan Basin is the highest, followed by gas from eastern and southern Sichuan, and part of natural gas in Southern Sichuan is high-maturity; (4) except for the slight thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) secondary alteration in the central Sichuan Basin, an effect of TSR was not observed in other areas; and (5) natural gas is controlled by the regional hydrocarbon kitchen. Gas in the eastern and southern Sichuan areas mainly originates from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm shale, with a small contribution from marl in the Maokou Fm. The gas of the first member of the Maokou Fm has self-generation and self-storage characteristics, with a small contribution of the Longmaxi Fm shale. The Middle Permian gas in northwestern Sichuan is a mixture of gas generated from source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi and Maokou Fms, whereas that in central Sichuan mainly originates from source rocks of the Qiongzhusi Fm. The Middle Permian gas in southwestern Sichuan mainly originates from its own source rock, and the natural gas reservoired in Permian volcanic rocks in the Chengdu-Jianyang area was generated by the mudstone of the Qiongzhusi Fm.

In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the characterization and hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Sichuan Basin, the geochemical data of more than 1,500 cuttings and 106 core samples were collected and analyzed. The T3x5 member of Xujiahe formation show the highest average TOC content (3.63%) followed by the T3x1+2 and T3x3 members. The TOC contents of different members show a general decreasing trend from the bottom to the top in Xujiahe formation. From the rock pyrolysis and kerogen δ13C values, the source rock trend to be kerogen type III with minor amounts of type Ⅱ2. According to the Ro values, the Xujiahe source rock shows high maturity in the northwest and low maturity in the southeast. Most of the source rock in T3x1+2 members are in high to overmature stage, while most of the source rock in the T3x3 and T3x5 member are in the mature to high mature stage. By comparing the burial history and hydrocarbon generation evolution history of source rocks in central and western Sichuan basin, it can be found that the sedimentation rate differences during the Cretaceous period is the main cause of the thermal evolution difference of the source rock. The gas generation intensity and quantity of different members are also compared. The T3x5 member show the highest gas generation potential followed by the T3x31 and the T3x1+2 members. In general, horizontally, the source rock of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan Basin is characterized by great thickness, high maturity, and high gas generation intensity in the northwest, which are gradually decrease to the southeast. Vertically, the T3x5 member show the highest gas generation content, which account for 39.6% of the total amount.

Based on the seismic, logging, drilling and other data, the distribution, structural types and mound-shoal hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of platform margins of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Deyang—Anyue Rift and its periphery were analyzed. Four types of platform margins are developed in the Dengying Formation, i.e., single-stage fault-controlled platform margin, multi-stage fault-controlled platform margin, gentle slope platform margin, and overlapping platform margin. In the Gaoshiti West—Weiyuan East area, single-stage fault controlled platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 Member, which trend in nearly NEE direction and are shielded by faults and mudstones, forming fault-controlled—lithologic traps. In the Lezhi—Penglai area, independent and multi-stage fault controlled platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 Member, which trend in NE direction and are controlled by synsedimentary faults; the mound-shoal complexes are aggraded and built on the hanging walls of the faults, and they are shielded by tight intertidal belts and the Lower Cambrian source rocks in multiple directions, forming fault-controlled—lithologic and other composite traps. In the Weiyuan—Ziyang area, gentle slope platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 Member, which trend in NW direction; the mound-shoal complexes are mostly thin interbeds as continuous bands and shielded by tight intertidal belts in the updip direction, forming lithologic traps. In the Gaoshiti—Moxi—Yanting area, overlapping platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 and Deng 4 members; the mound-shoal complexes are aggraded and overlaid to create platform margin buildup with a huge thickness and sealed by tight intertidal belts and the Lower Cambrian mudstones in the updip direction, forming large-scale lithologic traps on the north slope of the Central Sichuan Paleouplift. To summarize, the mound-shoal complexes on the platform margins in the Dengying Formation in the Penglai—Zhongjiang area, Moxi North—Yanting area and Weiyuan—Ziyang area are large in scale, with estimated resources of 1.58×1012 m3, and they will be the key targets for the future exploration of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin.

Based on outcrop, seismic and drilling data, the main regional unconformities in the Sichuan Basin and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were systematically studied. Three findings are obtained. First, six regional stratigraphic unconformities are mainly developed in the Sichuan Basin, from the bottom up, which are between pre-Sinian and Sinian, between Sinian and Cambrian, between pre-Permian and Permian, between middle and upper Permian, between middle and upper Triassic, and between Triassic and Jurassic. Especially, 16 of 21 conventional (and tight) gas fields discovered are believed to have formed in relation to regional unconformities. Second, regional unconformity mainly controls hydrocarbon accumulation from five aspects: (1) The porosity and permeability of reservoirs under the unconformity are improved through weathering crust karstification to form large-scale karst reservoirs; (2) Good source-reservoir-caprock assemblage can form near the unconformity, which provides a basis for forming large gas field; (3) Regional unconformity may lead to stratigraphic pinch-out and rugged ancient landform, giving rise to a large area of stratigraphic and lithologic trap groups; (4) Regional unconformity provides a dominant channel for lateral migration of oil and gas; and (5) Regional unconformity is conducive to large-scale accumulation of oil and gas. Third, the areas related to regional unconformities are the exploration focus of large gas fields in the Sichuan Basin. The pre-Sinian is found with source rocks, reservoir rocks and other favorable conditions for the formation of large gas fields, and presents a large exploration potential. Thus, it is expected to be an important strategic replacement.

四川盆地德阳—安岳克拉通内裂陷边缘发育灯影组四段(灯四段)台缘丘滩体储层,是安岳大气田的主要产层,明确丘滩体储层成因机制是预测优质储层分布、指导勘探部署的关键.综合应用钻井、地震、露头及分析化验等资料,分析灯四段台缘丘滩体规模成储的机制,得到3点新认识:①德阳—安岳克拉通内裂陷东侧边缘发育台缘丘滩储集体,丘滩储集体主要由藻丘和颗粒滩多期复合叠置而成,储层主要储集空间为溶孔、溶洞和裂缝,总体低孔低渗.②储层可分为裂缝—溶蚀孔洞型、溶蚀孔洞型和基质孔隙型等3类,其中裂缝—溶蚀孔洞型储层为优质储层;储层发育主要受台缘丘滩体、准同生期层间岩溶和2期风化壳岩溶作用及多期破裂作用控制;台缘丘滩体储层较好,同一期丘滩体上部储层好、灯四段顶部丘滩体储层好.③台缘丘滩体早期经历的沉积、成储环境基本一致,整体形成特征相似规模储层,在后期构造运动中仍保留大量溶孔和溶洞;喜马拉雅运动导致丘滩体储层现今埋深相差较大,并产生大量裂缝,台缘丘滩体储层仍整体规模发育,勘探前景好.成果对丰富古老深层碳酸盐岩成储理论、指导该领域勘探部署有重要意义.

通过鄂西-城口地区长兴组-飞仙关组露头、钻井、测井和地震等资料综合分析,对长兴组-飞仙关组台缘带及台缘礁滩特征取得了新认识:①长兴组-飞仙关组为镶边碳酸盐岩台地沉积,由东向西依次发育盆地相、斜坡相、台缘礁滩相、开阔台地相、局限台地相和蒸发台地相;②发育一条长兴期—飞仙关期的台缘带,长兴期以台缘礁组合为主,飞仙关期以台缘鲕滩为主,礁滩分布连续、厚度较大且延伸范围较广;③长兴期台缘礁由礁基、礁核和礁盖组成,礁核主要为粘结礁和障积-骨架礁,礁基和礁盖主要为生屑砂屑滩,分布于万源蜂桶、宣汉盘龙洞、开县满月、奉探1井和见天坝一带,迁移特征不明显;④飞仙关期台缘滩以鲕粒白云岩和鲕粒灰岩为主,分布稳定、范围大,向盆地方向,台缘滩由飞二段逐渐迁移至飞四段,飞二段台缘滩主要分布于万源八台、开县满月、万州双河、寨沟湾和石宝寨一带,飞三段台缘滩向东迁移至宁厂一线,飞四段台缘滩迁移至孔家沟一线,飞二段台缘滩与长兴期台缘礁叠合,白云岩化程度较高.

Intra-platform carbonate mound-bank body reservoirs is an important type of oil and gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin, and paleo-uplift plays an important role in the scale formation process of scale intra-platform mound-bank body reservoir. So far, however, the control action of paleo-uplift on the formation and distribution of intra-platform mound-bank body reservoirs has not been understood clearly enough, which restricts the oil and gas exploration progress of this type of reservoirs. In order to provide the basis for oil and gas exploration deployment, this paper analyzes the formation and evolution of four paleo-uplifts developed in the cratonic stage of the Sichuan Basin. On this basis, the genetic mechanisms and characteristics of scale intra-platform mound-bank body reservoirs are studied, and the characteristics and distribution of large-scale intra-platform reservoirs in the main series of strata are analyzed. And the following research results were obtained. First, the four paleo-uplifts developed in the Sichuan Basin plays an important constructive role in the formation of scale intra-platform mound-bank body reservoirs. Their control actions mainly include sedimentation and diagenesis. Along with the sea level change, they control the sedimentation scale and distribution range of intra-platform mound-bank body. They control the interlayer karstification and quasi-syngenetic dolomitization of intra-platform mound-bank body. And together with the late tectonic movement, they control the weathering crust karstification and fracturing of intra-platform mound-bank body. Second, Gaoshiti-Moxi paleo-uplift mainly controls the formation of the large-scale intra-platform mound-bank body reservoirs in the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift mainly controls the formation of the scale intra-platform mound-bank body reservoir in the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation and the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, while Luzhou and Kaijiang paleo-uplifts mainly control the formation of the scale intra-platform mound-bank body reservoirs in the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Leikoupo Formation. Third, six sets of scale intra-platform reservoirs are developed in the Sichuan Basin. The intra-platform mound-bank body reservoirs of Dengying Formation and Longwangmiao Formation are mainly distributed in the core of paleo-uplift, and the other four sets are mainly distributed in the slope of paleo-uplift. In conclusion, these research results provide the geological basis for the prediction of scale intra-platform mound-bank body reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and they are of important theoretical and practical significance.

四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组近年取得重要的勘探发现,规模储集体是控制成藏的关键因素之一.通过野外露头、探井、测井和地震等资料,编制雷口坡组岩相古地理图,分析规模储集体特征,得到3点新认识:①雷口坡期四川盆地南、东、北3个方向较封闭、海水从西侧进入,为较封闭碳酸盐岩台地;雷一、二段沉积期为弱镶边碳酸盐岩台地,雷三、四段沉积期为镶边碳酸盐岩台地.②雷口坡组发育台地边缘、开阔台地、局限台地和蒸发台地等沉积相,以局限台地相为主,包括潟湖、台内滩和潮坪等亚相,发育台地边缘滩和台内滩2类油气储集体.③雷口坡组发育2套规模颗粒滩储集体:一是川西北地区雷三、四段台地边缘滩,厚度大(一般大于50 m);二是川中地区雷一段下部的台内滩,厚度小、分布稳定、面积大(大于20000 km2)、成规模,这2类规模储集体经多期岩溶作用改造,形成质量较好的储层,为规模油气成藏提供物质基础.

Material exploration discoveries have been achieved in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the Sichuan Basin in recent years, and a large-scale reservoir is one of the key factors controlling reservoir formation. In this paper, the lithofacies paleogeographic map of the Leikoupo Formation is prepared based on field outcrops, exploratory wells, well logs, and seismic data. The characteristics of large-scale reservoirs have been analyzed, which resulted in three new summarized understandings: (1) At the Leikoupo stage, the Sichuan Basin was relatively closed in the south, east and north, and the seawater entered through the west side, so it was a relatively closed carbonate platform; during the sedimentary stage of Lei I and Lei II members, it was a weakly fringed carbonate platform. In the sedimentary period of Lei III (T2l3) and Lei IV (T2l4) members, it was a rimmed carbonate platform. (2) The sedimentary facies including the platform margin, open platform, restricted platform, and evaporative platform were developed in the Leikoupo Formation; these were mainly the restricted platform facies covering the subfacies of the lagoon, intra-platform shoal, and tidal flat. Two types of hydrocarbon reservoirs, namely the platform-margin shoal and intra-platform shoal reservoirs, were developed in this period. (3) Two sets of large-scale reef beach facies reservoirs were developed in the Leikoupo Formation, one is the platform margin reef beach facies of Lei III (T2l3) and Lei IV (T2l4) members in northwestern Sichuan with a large thickness (generally larger than 50 m); the other one is the intra-platform shoal facies in the lower part of Lei I Member (T2l1) in Central Sichuan with a small thickness, stable distribution, and a large area (larger than 20,000 km2) forming large-scale reservoirs. The two types of large-scale reservoirs experienced multi-stage karstification transformation to become reservoirs with a good quality, laying the material basis for large-scale oil & gas reservoir formation. The research results have important theoretical and practical significance to improve the understanding on the sedimentation and reservoirs of the Leikoupo Formation in the Sichuan Basin, and to provide guidance for the oil and gas exploration in this region.

The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is a tight sandstone reservoir with developed dissolution pores, but its formation mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, three samples, including feldspathic lithic, lithic arkose and feldspathic quartz sandstones of the Xujiahe Formation, were taken as examples. Some reaction fluid similar to the organic acid component of the formation was prepared. Five kinds of temperature and pressure conditions were applied in the corrosion simulation experiments, and four understandings were obtained. Firstly, with the increase of temperature and pressure, the concentrations of K+ and Na+ ions in the reaction solution increased, the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions remained stable, but the concentration of Al3+ ions decreased significantly. Secondly, the reaction produced a small amount of quartz and a large number of kaolinite and other new minerals, and the dissolution of feldspar particles and carbonate cement produced a large number of dissolution pores, the porosity was increased and the pore structure was then improved. Thirdly, with the same temperature and pressure, the dissolution rate of feldspathic lithic sandstone was relatively higher than that of feldspathic quartz sandstone. With higher temperature and pressure (e.g. 180℃, 53 MPa), the dissolution rate of sandstone samples were significantly increased. Lastly, the results of dissolution experiments provided a reference for the reconstructing of burial sequence, diagenesis as well as pore evolution of the Xujiahe Formation and the distribution of favorable reservoirs can be predicted. The rapid dissolution of feldspar under higher temperature pressure is one of the genetic mechanisms of effective reservoir of deep clastic rock.

四川盆地中侏罗统沙溪庙组是低油价形势下四川盆地天然气勘探的重要领域,但盆地内不同地区天然气来源尚不明确,影响下一步勘探部署决策,为此开展侏罗系沙溪庙组天然气地球化学特征及成因研究.结果 表明:①沙溪庙组天然气属于干酪根降解气,甲烷含量＞84％,含少量乙烷、丙烷等烃类气体及少量的氮气、二氧化碳等非烃气体,不含硫化氢,不同区域的天然气成熟度存在差别;②天然气δ13C1值为-39.2‰～-31.2‰、δ13C2值为-32.8‰～-22.3‰、δ13C3值为-28.7‰～-19.5‰,天然气碳同位素未发生倒转,川西地区为煤成气,川中地区为油型气,川东地区为煤成气和油型气混合气,以油型气为主;③不同区域天然气δ13C1值、δ13C2值的差异,与其来源于不同类型烃源岩贡献比例大小有关.川西、川西南地区主力烃源岩为须五段煤系烃源岩,川中地区为下侏罗统湖相烃源岩,川东地区天然气来源于须五段和下侏罗统烃源岩.研究结果对四川盆地侏罗系沙溪庙组下一步天然气勘探部署决策具有重要的指导意义.

川中—川北地区的风险探井角探1井、蓬探1井、川深1井在下寒武统沧浪铺组钻遇厚层鲕粒白云岩,测井解释气层厚17m,证实了盆地内沧浪铺组发育优质滩相白云岩储层,可形成气藏.为了明确颗粒滩分布范围,需对沧浪铺组,特别是其下段岩相古地理特征进行研究.通过钻井、野外剖面及区域地质调查资料的统计,系统性编制单因素图件,综合分析认为沧浪铺组总体表现为西部古隆起区薄、裂陷区及盆地边缘厚、东南缘盆地相地层薄的特点,下段沉积在德阳—安岳裂陷中南部地区厚度较大.沧浪铺组下段可分为6种沉积相,自川西向黔东南地区依次为三角洲相、碎屑潮坪相、台洼相、碳酸盐岩台地、斜坡相及盆地相.最有利的储集相带是碳酸盐岩台地相中的高能颗粒滩亚相,经白云化作用更有利于形成规模储层,主要发育在川北—川中地区.经历早期、晚期加里东运动,川北—川中地区具备形成优质储层的条件,是最有利的勘探区域.

Tight sandstone gas reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin have generally high water saturation. The characteristics of natural gas migration and accumulation, as well as gas reservoirs with high water saturation formation mechanism, were investigated using test data from natural gas geochemistry analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) high pressure filling simulation experiment. The findings reveal that: (1)The Xujiahe Formation established the foundation for oil and gas near-source accumulation by interacting superimposed large areas of source rock and reservoir. As the maturity of source rocks increases, the wetness becomes smaller and the δ13C1 value becomes heavier of natural gas, indicating a near-source accumulation. (2)The gas saturation of Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs ranges from 50% to 65%, with a pore radius of the reservoir space 0.1–10 μm. The larger the proportion of relatively large pore size, the higher the gas saturation will be. (3)As charging pressure is increased, natural gas accumulates in tight sandstone by progressively aggregating from large pore diameter to small pore diameter space, culminating "three-stage" charging characteristics of rapid increase, moderate increase and basically stable charge. The coupling between low-pressure drive and relatively large pore reservoir is the fundamental reason why the Xujiahe Formation of natural gas can form large-medium gas reservoirs but high water saturation in central Sichuan Basin. The findings will provide theoretical and technical support for the exploration of tight sandstone.

The sandstone of the Silurian Xiaoheba Formation in the Sichuan Basin is poorly understood and the exploration prospect is unclear. The geological characteristics of oil and gas from the aspects of sedimentation, reservoir and accumulation of the sandstone of the Xiaoheba Formation in the Sichuan Basin, as well as evaluating its exploration potential and prospect, were made possible using the data on field outcrops, exploratory wells, as well as seismic and logging data. By studying the above, the following four points are understood. (1) The sandstone of the Xiaoheba Formation in the Sichuan Basin is mainly dominated by siltstone. There are two types of sand masses: the distal sandbank sand mass of the foreland basin delta front and the thin layer sand mass intercalated with pro-delta mudstone. The two types of sand masses are widely distributed in east Sichuan. (2) The sandstone reservoir of the Xiaoheba Formation is characterized by low porosity, low permeability and extra density. The late-stage diagenesis led to the densification of the reservoir. Intervals with relatively high porosity were developed locally and satisfactory reservoirs could be developed in the period of reservoir forming. (3) The sandstone reservoir of the Xiaoheba Formation, the high-quality argillaceous hydrocarbon source rocks of the Longmaxi Formation, and the thick layer mud shale caprocks of the Hanjiadian Formation formed a set of high-quality source rocks, reservoir, and caprock accumulation assemblage. The formation and evolution of the Kaijiang paleo-uplift in eastern Sichuan were conducive to the accumulation and preservation of the sandstones of the Xiaoheba Formation. (4) The sandstone of the Xiaoheba Formation is a potential field for natural gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin. Both types of sand masses have a certain potential, among which the favorable exploration area of the sand mass of the distal sandbank is about 10 × 103 km2. The study results are of great significance for improving geological understanding and guiding natural gas exploration in this field.

对塔里木盆地西缘下寒武统玉尔吐斯组3个典型的剖面开展岩石学及地球化学研究,探讨玉尔吐斯组沉积时期水体氧化-还原环境及初级生产力,为玉尔吐斯组烃源岩分布及资源潜力评价提供理论依据.玉尔吐斯组下部较高含量的Ba(>1000μg/g)说明其沉积时期表层水体初级生产力较高,产出的大量有机质埋藏于沉积物中,与玉尔吐斯组产出的大量浮游植物化石及较高的TOC值相一致.与之对应层位中,较高的δ15N(>8‰)说明水体中发生反硝化作用和/或厌氧氨氧化作用,表明有机物在从表层向深层水体沉降过程中发生降解作用,不断地消耗水体中的氧气,使得海洋内部形成偏还原的水体环境.同时,玉尔吐斯组下部硅质岩具有极低的Ge/Si值,表明正常海水是硅质的主要来源.硅质过饱和的水体促进沉积物快速胶结,可能对有机物的保存具有重要作用.

古地形影响着黑色页岩的累计厚度、储层品质和含气性.综合研究威远—自贡地区582.57 km2三维地震全覆盖、多轮二维、11口井及4根岩芯资料表明,该地区WF 1-LM4笔石带发育时期的古地形为“一缓坡、一鼻隆、一台地、一中心”分布格局.缓坡位于自203井—威202井—威201井一线,为川中古隆起的水下自然延伸,地形坡度小,地层厚度相对较薄;鼻隆位于威203井—威205井—内江地区,与川中古隆起相连,地形坡降相对较小,形态上为鼻状;台地分布于邓探1井—富顺地区,隆起幅度相对较小;沉积中心位于威远—自贡—威206井区,水深较大,水体还原性较强.WF 1-LM1带发育期,威远小型鼻隆分布于威204井—威206井之间,五峰期分布面积63 km2,LM1带分布面积45 km2;LM2-LM4带发育期,鼻隆分布于威202井区,面积仅29 km2.古地形差异表现在页岩厚度、地震反射特征和笔石带等方面.沉积中心区地层厚度最大,由沉积中心向两侧上超尖灭,笔石带减少或缺失.古地形差异造成页岩储层厚度、品质及含气性等差异,沉积中心区页岩储层最厚、TOC含量、脆性矿物含量、孔隙度及含气量均最高,单井测试产量大于15万方/天.综合地层厚度和储层品质,本研究认为沉积中心区是I类有利开发区,斜坡区是Ⅱ类有利开发区,鼻隆区是Ⅲ类页岩气开发区.

四川盆地志留系小河坝组砂岩认识程度较低、勘探方向不明确.应用野外露头、探井、地震和测井等资料,系统研究四川盆地小河坝组砂岩的沉积、储层、成藏等油气地质特征,评价勘探潜力和方向,得到以下4点认识:①四川盆地小河坝组砂岩以粉砂岩为主,发育2类砂体,分别为前陆盆地三角洲前缘远端砂坝砂体和夹于前三角洲泥岩中的薄层砂体,2类砂体在川东地区大面积分布;②小河坝组砂岩储层整体低孔隙度低渗透率、特致密,后期成岩作用致使储层致密化,局部发育相对较高孔层段,成藏期可能发育较好储层;③小河坝组砂岩储层、龙马溪组优质泥质烃源岩和韩家店组厚层泥页岩盖层,形成一套优质的生储盖成藏组合,川东地区的开江古隆起形成与演化有利于小河坝组砂岩的成藏和保存;④小河坝组砂岩是四川盆地天然气勘探的潜在领域,2类砂体都有一定潜力,其中远端砂坝砂体有利勘探面积约为1×104 km2.成果对提高该领域地质认识、指导天然气勘探,有重要意义.