The Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of various r values (ratio of [X] to [Cd]), and of the tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) extracts of these aqueous solutions have been obtained. The vibrational frequencies of the following species are reported for the first time: Cdl3–, CdBr2, CdBr3–, CdCl2, CdCl3–, and CdCl42–. The far-infrared spectrum (20–400 cm.–1) of bis(tetraethylammonium) tetrachlorocadmate(II) is also reported. The Raman spectrum of a solution of bis(tetraethylammonium) tetrachloromagnesate(II) in thionyl chloride gives the frequency of the ν1(a1) vibration of the MgCl42– anion.
The Raman spectrum of a solution of thallic bromide in ethanol to which lithium bromide has been added is compatible with the existence of the TlBr4 anion (symmetry Td). A number of other solutions containing this anion were also investigated. The i.r. and Raman spectra of solutions of thallic bromide in ethanol and in tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) indicate that these solutions consist of a mixture of TlBr3 and TlBr4–, and not the TlBr4– anion alone as reported previously. The Raman spectrum of a solution of thallic chloride in 1 OM-aqueous lithium chloride shows that this solution contains the TlCl63– anion, of point group Oh. The tri-n-butyl phosphate extract of this solution gives the Raman spectrum of the TlCl4– anion. A number of other solutions containing this anion are also investigated. The far-i.r. spectrum (20–400 cm.–1) of NEt4TlCl4 is also reported. Solutions of NEt4TlCl3Br and NEt4TlBr3Cl in acetonitrile are shown to consist of mixtures of the TlBr4– and TlCl4– anions.
The Raman spectra of aqueous solutions containing varying proportions of mercuric halide and lithium halide, and of the tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) extracts of these aqueous solutions are reported. Although the HgX3– anion is not observed in aqueous solution, it seems to be the most stable species in the tri-n-butyl phosphate extracts. The extraction of mercury(II) from aqueous lithium halide solutions into tri-n-butyl phosphate thus differs from the previously reported extraction from concentrated halogen acids. Expressions are derived for the distribution ratio of mercury(II) for the individual extraction of HgX42– and HgX3–, and the dependence of the distribution ratios on the lithium ion, halide ion, and tri-n-butyl phosphate concentrations is verified experimentally.
The Raman and infrared spectra (90–500 cm.–1) of the di-n-butyl ether extract of a solution of As(III) in hydrochloride acid indicate that the extract contains the AsCl4– anion, of point-group C2v, and a partial assignment of the observed frequencies is proposed. No definite conclusion can be reached about the nature of the species present in the extract of the solution of arsenic tribromide in hydrobromic acid. The anions AsBr3Cl– and AsCl3Br– do not exist in the extracts of the solutions of arsenic trichloride in hydrobromic acid and of arsenic tribromide in hydrochloric acid.