The article provides systematization and comparative analysis of data for structure, phase composition, physical and mechanical properties formed within deformed pipes of semifinished products in different stages of preparing cold rolled pipes from hot-rolled pipe billets of titanium alloys PT–1M, PT–7M, Ti–3Al–2.5V. The effect of the degree of cold deformation on strain hardening of specimens from alloy hot-extruded pipes of semifinished products of the test alloys is established and on the basis of this recommendations are developed for maximum acceptable degree of deformation during cold rolling of pipes made of PT–1M, PT–7M, Ti–3Al–2.5V alloys. Deformation warming of alloys during cold rolling is evaluated. It is shown that cold rolling of pipes of the alloys studied into intermediate and final pipe workpieces with the reduction recommended contributes to the pipe strain hardening. When simulating cold rolling of pipes calculation of the Q- factor is carried out, which has a value of about 1. Cold rolling with such a value of Q- factor leads to formation of a texture of an inclined tangential prism alloying alloy from PT–1M to Ti–3Al–2.5V. It is noted that intermediate and final annealing at 680°C (PT–1M alloy), 750°C (PT–7M alloy, Ti–3Al–2.5V) of cold-rolled pipe billets studied facilitates alloy loss of strength as a result of occurrence of recrystallization and to the formation of a two-component texture {0001}±φ°TD<10–10>RD and {0001}±φ°TD<11–20>RD. Features of structure formation, phase composition, and mechanical properties of pipes in relation to alloying are considered.

Data are analyzed for chemical composition, preparation and processing methods, and fields of application for titanium pseudo-α- (Ti31, Ti75, CT20, TA15, Grade 9) and (α + β)-martensitic alloys (Grade9M, Grade23, Grade23M, VST3331, VT14, VT23) developed within Russia and abroad used for cold-deformed pipe manufacture. Characteristic alloying features are evaluated and production operation sequences used for different alloys in the manufacture of cold-rolled pipes are provided. Available experimental data about the effect of temperature-rate parameters of tensile and compressive deformation over a wide temperature range on maximum deformation forces of titanium “pipe” alloys or their analogues are considered. The influence of alloying, degree and rate of cold deformation on the change in the strength and ductility properties of these alloys is analyzed. Based on available data, the temperature range for annealing cold-rolled pipes is determined for the alloys in question, which provides a good combination of strength and ductility properties. Data are presented for the structure formed in different stages of pipe production, on the guaranteed set of properties, areas of their use, and development trends.

As part of the research on the development of a new standard for welded and seamless stainless steel pipes, the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties in the temperature range of 20-650 °C of pipe samples from austenitic chromium-nickel steels of the Fe-18Cr-10Ni family were evaluated. Significant spread of mechanical characteristics is shown, a quantitative assessment of the contribution of various hardening factors is carried out. It is noted that grain size and solid-solution hardening with carbon, nitrogen or titanium have the most significant effect on mechanical properties, providing up to 45% of the yield strength of steel. It is established that the temperature dependence of the tensile strength is determined by the resistance to the formation of deformation martensite and the intensity of the action of dynamic deformation aging.

The article provides systematization and comparative analysis of data for structural and phase states and set of physical and mechanical properties formed in deformable tube semi-finished products. Analysis includes various stages of obtaining hot-extruded tubes of titanium alloys PT-1M, PT-7M, Ti–3Al–2.5V. The relationship between characteristics of macro-, microstructure, parameters of the phases formed with spread of hardness values in the original hot-forged tube billets is established. Physical simulation of hot deformation processes of alloys with varying temperature and upsetting deformation rate is conducted. Recommendations for extrusion temperature ranges for each alloy are proposed. These recommendations are based on energy-power parameters of industrial equipment used and restrictions imposed by the structure. Evolution of the structure and change in hardness during expansion of a tube billet made from the alloys investigated are considered. Results of computer simulations of energy-power parameters of tube extrusion and their comparison with industrial experiment data are presented. Features of the structure, texture and their relationship with tube mechanical properties are established.

A review of literature data on the interaction of hydrogen with metallic materials is presented. The main damage processes such as high-temperature hydrogen corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) are reviewed. The most common mechanisms of HE are described. The well-known regularities and issues of the influence of the chemical composition, structure, hydrogen concentration, temperature and strain rate on the development of HE are generalized, and the results of our own studies of the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of pipe steels are presented.

Metallurgical quality parameters for continuously-cast wheel steel billets prepared by technology described in part 1 of the article are studied. Morphology, volume fraction, chemical composition, and location of nonmetallic inclusions in different areas of continuously-cast billets modified with calcium are examined. It is shown that continuously-cast wheel steel billets manufactured by technology introduced in AO TAGMET correspond entirely to specifications for high-speed railway transport products.

The mechanical properties of 09G2S steel are determined during tensile tests of samples in various structural states at temperatures of 20–400°C and strain rates from 5 × 10–2 to 5 × 10–5 1/s. The test results are shown to be significantly determined by dynamic strain aging. A correlation between the dynamic strain aging intensity and the temperature, the strain rate, and the structural state of the material is found.

Main parameters of secondary refinement and continuous casting for 400 mm wheel steel billets of grade 2 (GOST 10791–2011) manufactured by AO TAGMET are determined that provide the minimum nonmetallic inclusion content and absence of steelmaking defects detected with railway wheel ultrasonic monitoring. Additional monitoring procedures for continuously cast billet quality control are described in order to provide steel chemical composition homogeneity over a billet cross section and to minimize central porosity.