Twenty-nine samples of rapeseed meal; 8 of the zero normal type (RSM 0), 21 of double zero (RSM 00) low-glucosinolate type, and 1 of the whole rapeseed (RS 00) were tested. Their digestible energy (DE) content and apparent digestibility (AD) of crude protein were measured by the difference procedure. In addition, 370 growing-finishing pigs (30–100 kg liveweight) were used to assess the effect on feeding value of the cultivar and oil extraction process of 15 samples only, included at 10–25% of a diet based on maize or wheat.

Carcass yield decreased with the energy concentration of the diet (0.30 point per 100 kcal DE).The gastrooesophageal mucosa was less affected by the low energy diets (barley) than by the other diets (maize and wheat).Nevertheless, maize appeared slightly more ulcerogenous than wheat.

soyabean meal.The lysine/DE ratio of these diets was 3.6 g/1000 Kcal.They were offered ad libitum between I1 and 27 kg live weight.Each batch of fresh wheat was compared to a batch of wheat stored for one year.The trial was made on 480 Large White piglets weaned at 4 weeks of age.Freshly harvested wheat -ripe at harvest -did not alter either the appearance, or the health condition, or the piglet behaviour.It led on an average to performance very similar (slightly higher) to those obtained with wheat stored for one year, with never- theless slight differences in growth and feed intake according to batches.Accordingly, freshly harvested wheat may be offered without any problem to piglets.It may also be used for bacon pigs which are generally less sensitive than piglets.

At the first level of fat incorporation (3 points), the feed conversion ratio was remarka- bly improved by 8.5 p. 100.The body composition was not modified.

contained less than 0.8 ITU of antitrypsine factor per mg was as valuable a protein source as soybean meal. Both diets were equally consumed (866 versus 876 g/day) and the daily mean gain was similar for both treatments (444 versus 447 g/day). Feed conversion ratios were identical (1.95 versus 1.94 kg of diet per kg weight gain). A supplementary isoenergetic diet based on barley-soybean-meal and tallow led to equivalent mean performance. However, the adaptation of the animals varied according to diet composition. Perfor- mances during the different periods between 8.4 and 24 kg were discussed. Conclusions were drawn as regards the efficiency of the extrusion in suppressing antinutritional factors and the economic conditions of the use of whole soybean seeds in weaning diets for piglets. Two experiments were carried out with 256 Large White pigs weighing from 9 to 103 kg. In the first experiment we studied the subsequent effect of the post-weaning protein level (21 or 18 p. 100 crude protein) on bacon pigs receiving a suitable level of protein (18 p. 100). The following sequences were compared : 21-18 and 18-18.

As compared to control diets (maize-soybean oil-meal), the utilization of peas (winter variety Frisaon) as only protein supplement led in both trials to a marked decline in the performance of the animals, especially during the growing period (— 15 p. 100 for feed intake and -40 p. 100 for weight gain). Addition of tryptophan allowed to restore almost totally the level of feed intake and considerably improved the growth rate and feed efficiency. Thus, in trial 2 with diets (maize-peas) rebalanced with tryptophan during the whole growing period, performances were only 6 p. 100 lower than those of the control group (non significant difference). In the same way, the combination of peas and PX, without soybean oil-meal led to performances equivalent to those obtained with maize-peas diets supplemented with tryptophan over the whole period (28-100 kg) and even identical to those of the control group during the finishing period. Results of both trials clearly indicate the role of tryptophan as first limiting factor in diets containing a high proportion of peas and point out the possibilities of using several protein sources of metropolitan origin to totally replace soybean in growing pig diets.

period.For the whole experimental period the daily mean gains were 6 37 -6 3 8 and 6 27 g, the feed conversion ratio 3 .3 6-3 .34 and 3 .41 for the control group, group 2 ( 15 p. ioo cassava) and group 3 ( 30 p. ioo cassava), respectively.No significant difference was observed between the three treatments either over the whole period or over the growing and finishing periods separately.Carcass quality was the same for dressing out percentage, but rather in favour of cassava groups for backfat thickness.This advantage can be explained by the higher lysine content of the latter.In the second trial, 10 8 animals between 30 and ioo kg live weight, were subjected to the same experimental conditions as in the first trial in order to compare three diets: barley-soybean control diet (group 1 ), 30 p. ioo cassava (group 2 ), 40 p. 100 cassava (group 3 ), i.e. 3 6 pigs per treatment.Growth and feed conversion ratios were rather close to those recorded during the ist trial: 66 0 -6 50 -6 35 g; and a feed conversion ratio of 3 .33 -3 3' 7 and 3 .44 for groups 1 , 2 , 3 , respectively.No significant difference was observed either on the whole period or on the growing finishing period, carcass quality was absolutely the same for the three diets.In conclusion, these two trials concerning substitution of poor quality cassava for barley allowed to obtain the same growth and carcass quality performance in bacon pigs of 30 to ioo kg whatever the incorporation level of cassava.Thus, the prediction equation of the cassava energy value from its chemical composition, stated by Y FW (I.N.R.A., 1979

Two experiments were made to determine more accurately the energy and protein value as well as the mode of utilization of white lupin (Lupinus albus I,.) in fattening pigs. A digestibility experiment was made for assessing the energy and protein value of two types of white lupin: the first one belonging to the variety « I!UBLANC » (12 p. ioo bitter seed) containing alkaloids, the second to the variety « KALINA », soft, without alkaloids. The experiment involved 5 castrated male pigs per type of lupin with a mean body weight of 29.8 kg. They received a semi synthetic diet based on maize starch including 40 p. 100 lupin and were subjected to a ro-day faeces and urine collection period. The digestible energy values of the varieties « I,uBr,erTC » and « KALINA » were 4 170 and 4 229 Kcal DE respectively per kg dry matter corresponding to an apparent digestibility coeffi-cient of energy (ADCe) of 83.5 p. ioo identical for both types of lupin. The apparent digesti- bility of nitrogen (ADCn) was 86.5 p. ioo for a I,uHZnNC » and 85.5 p. loo for a KALINA ». Though both types of lupin had similar nutritional characteristics, only the soft one without alkaloids was well ingested by pigs. Another experiment 5 groups i (6 castrated and 6 females) per was carried out between 25 and i oo live in order to the meal soft lupin of the « KAMNA n type alone or in association with a lucerne concentrate a diet based on wheat. Two trials were made in the growing-finishing pig for studying the utilization of poor quality cassava incorporated at increasing levels (T5, 30, 4o p. 100) as a substitution for barley into isoenergetic diets. In the first trial go animals were used between 35 and roo kg live weight to compare three diets: barley-soybean control diet (group 1), 15 p. joocassava (group 2), 3o p. i oo cassava (group 3) i.e. 30 pigs per treatment. The animals housed in piggeries fitted with wholly slatted floors were fed collectively in pens of six animals. Pigs were restricted to 2.6 kg /day in the finishing

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Energy and protein value of a lucerne protein concentrate ” PX1 ” – Utilization by the growing-finishing pig D. Bourdon, J. M. Perez, Y. Henry, Régine Calmes

The optimal level of balanced protein for growth in females between 20 and 50 kg body weight could not be determined due to a linear straight relationship between growth performance and protein level, after supplementation with lysine ( 13 and 15 p. 100 protein).Any way it may be excepted that this level is slightly higher than that observed with castrated males An experiment is conducted for further information.