Genetic factors influencing the outcome of bovine ovum pick-up–in vitro production (OPU-IVP) and its relation to female fertility were investigated. For the first time, genetic parameters were estimated for the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (Ncoc), quality of cumulus-oocyte complexes (Qcoc), number and proportion of cleaved embryos at Day 4 (NcleavD4, PcleavD4), and number and proportion of total and transferable embryos at Day 7 of culture (NembD7, PembD7 and NTembD7, PTembD7, respectively). Data were recorded by CRV (formally Holland Genetics) from the OPU-IVP program from January 1995 to March 2006. Data were collected from 1508 Holstein female donors, both cows and pregnant virgin heifers, with a total of 18,702 OPU sessions. Data were analyzed with repeated-measure sire models with permanent environment effect using ASREML (Holstein Friesian). Estimates of heritability were 0.25 for Ncoc, 0.09 for Qcoc, 0.19 for NcleavD4, 0.21 for NembD7, 0.16 for NTembD7, 0.07 for PcleavD4, 0.12 for PembD7, and 0.10 for PTembD7. Genetic correlation between Ncoc and Qcoc was close to zero, whereas genetic correlations between Ncoc and the number of embryos were positive and moderate to high for NembD7 (0.47), NTembD7 (0.52), and NcleavD4 (0.85). Genetic correlations between Ncoc and percentages of embryos (PcleavD4, PembD7, and PTembD7) were all close to zero. Phenotypic correlations were in line with genetic correlations. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between Qcoc and all other traits were not significant except for the phenotypic correlations between Qcoc and number of embryos, which were negative and low to moderate for NembD7 (–0.20), NTembD7 (–0.24), and NcleavD4 (–0.43). Results suggest that cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) quality, based on cumulus investment, is independent from the total number of COCs collected via OPU and that in general, a higher number of COCs will lead to a higher number of embryos produced. The correlation between the estimated breeding values for Ncoc and PTembD7 of sires in this study and the sires breeding index for female-fertility based on the Dutch cattle population was close to zero. This study revealed OPU-IVP traits (NembD7, NTembD7, and Ncoc) that could be of potential value for selection. Introduction of such traits in breeding programs would enhance the number of offspring from superior donors as well as improve the cost efficiency of OPU-IVP programs.