Deep-seated bedrock landslides contribute to rapid landscape evolution, often resulting in transient erosion rates that exceed long-term average rates of tectonic uplift. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of such landslides reveals past drivers of landscape evolution and helps predict how the landscape will respond in the future. The Nooksack River watershed (NRW), Whatcom County, Washington, USA, features numerous paleo landslides linked to high relief, seismic activity, local geologic structures, and abundant precipitation. Specifically, Holocene surface rupturing earthquakes on the Boulder Creek Fault (BCF) are a likely triggering mechanism for widespread prehistoric landsliding. To determine the relative importance of several probable drivers of past bedrock landsliding, we investigate spatiotemporal trends of 440 landslides using a calibrated relationship between lidar-based deposit surface roughness and radiocarbon-based age. We find the roughness-age relationship in Washington's Cascade Range is consistent with that of bedrock landslides in Oregon's coast range. Our observed landslide frequency history best matches a modeled history that incorporates preservation bias and two coseismic landslide pulses, each comprising 6.5 % of the total landslides, at known times of surface rupturing earthquakes on the BCF in the last 4,000 years. Both the density of past bedrock landslides and size of plausible coseismic landslides peak near the Holocene scarps of the BCF and decrease with distance from the fault. These findings suggest surface rupturing earthquakes on the BCF measurably affected spatiotemporal landslide patterns and watershed evolution in the NRW, highlighting the importance of considering coseismic landslides in regional hazard assessment and planning.

We measured He and Ar in fresh peridotites from the Twin Sisters massif, Washington USA. 3He/4He ratios measured on >35 samples are highly variable (-0.8 to-6 times the atmospheric ratio, RA). Step-heating of a subset of these samples in every case reveals a low 3He/4He component (-1 RA) released at <1000 degrees C and a high 3He/4He component (>3 RA) above that temperature, but these components are not effectively isolated by crushing and powder fusion analysis. He-Ar systematics indicate an intimate association of two fluid-inclusion hosted components in the peridotites. The first is a-6 RA mantle component that is released at higher tem-peratures during step heating and is more abundant in dunite bands than surrounding harzburgites. The second component, released at low temperatures, has a 3He/4He ratio of 1.0 +/- 0.5 RA, atmospheric 40Ar/36Ar, and 4He/40Ar far above atmospheric. It appears to be a mixture of mantle and radiogenic He sources introduced during obduction-related serpentinization, sometimes invisible, by surface-derived waters enriched with deeply-sourced helium.These data indicate that mantle noble gas signatures can be retained in lithospheric peridotites against both diffusive loss and radiogenic ingrowth over at least 108 year timescales, likely due to concentration and immobilization of He in fluid inclusions. However, the mantle signature can be greatly modified by pervasive and potentially cryptic fluid alteration during emplacement.

.......................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... v List of Tables and Figures ............................................................................................................. vi

Cirque glaciers are common in temperate mountains around the world, and thereby a dominant agent of erosion in these high mountain settings (e.g., Anderson, 1978;Larsen and Mangerud, 1981; National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2017).e processes and rates of this erosion, however, are not well-understood (Koppes et al., 2015).Current understanding of cirque-glacial erosion rates and mechanisms is limited.Published values for cirque-glacial erosion rates are rare and highly variable (0.008-10 mm/yr), and mostly rely on indirect estimates from sediment volumes (e.g., Sanders et al., 2013;Herman et al., 2015) or theoretical models (Iverson, 2012); Anderson, 2014). 3He cosmogenic nuclide analyses provide a tool to infer cirque-glacial erosion depths at a relatively high spatial resolution (Briner and Swanson, 1998: Crest et al., 2017). 3He accumulates in bedrock exposed at the surface as a result of cosmic ray bombardment.e concentration of cosmogenic 3 He increases with exposure time as well as proximity to the surface (Gosse and Phillips, 2001).With an independent estimate of surface exposure age, cosmogenic 3 He concentrations can be used to infer erosion depths on glaciated bedrock surfaces (Figure 1).e spatial variability of erosion can be used to infer mechanisms of erosion.Spatially variable erosion indicates a plucking-dominant environment, whereas spatially consistent and decreasing downslope indicates an abrasion-dominated environment (Figure 2).

Due to its wide bandwidth (35 MHz) and narrow duplex gap (10 MHz), UMTS900 is a very difficult standard for the implementation of the duplexer with current technologies. In this paper, we present the design and performance of a UMTS-900 duplexer based on thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) technology. We have used external inductors to compensate the inadequate electromechanical coefficient of resonators. Inductors are used to adjust locations of filter transmission zeros to achieve better attenuation in stopband as well. We have achieved very good insertion loss (less than -2 dB) and the Tx/Rx isolation better than -55/50 dB respectively. The size of the duplexer is 3times3 mm.

A systematic approach to matching an arbitrary number of bulk acoustic wave or surface acoustic wave filters is proposed. The filters can be modeled as capacitor networks at frequencies above and below their passbands. The generic matching network consists of a single shunt inductor (or a transmission line) and series capacitors in front of each filter.

Controversy persists in western Newfoundland regarding Pleistocene, particularly Late Wisconsinan, glacial ice volumes. Independently, a set of alpine glacial deposits on the flanks of the Tablelands in Gros Morne National Park has attracted much attention but little scrutiny. In this study, cosmogenic nuclide dating of the alpine deposits places some limits on post-late glacial maximum (LGM) ice dynamics in the vicinity of the Tablelands, a plateau bounded on the northeast by Trout River Gulch. Small valleys incised into the flanks of the Tablelands are floored with a diamict that contains both till and ice-contact deposits. Rock glaciers rest on the diamict, and rock glacierization also has affected talus lining the south wall of Trout River Gulch. A small moraine rests in the Devil's Punchbowl cirque. The cirque moraine, lobate deposits below the cirque moraine, rock glaciers, and a colluvial veneer overlying the till in the small valleys have cosmogenic 36Cl ages as old as either ca. 20 or 15 ka, depending on what erosion rate is assumed, indicating that these bodies are Late Wisconsinan in age but post-date the local LGM. Trout River Gulch was deglaciated early and perhaps did not contain active ice even at the LGM, but previous work shows that ice was streaming seaward both north of Trout River Gulch and south of the Tablelands even as the gulch lay relatively ice free.

As computing technology continues to progress very rapidly, many technical challenges emerge. One of these is the issue of power dissipation. Indeed, power delivery and dissipation are becoming primary limiters of performance and integration for microprocessors. In response, architectural and software level power-reduction techniques, which extend traditional circuit-level energy techniques, have gained more and more attention and become an active research area in the last few years. The work in this thesis focuses on one important problem in this area, namely dynamic power and performance management in high-performance processors. Dynamic adaptive techniques are appealing because they offer the ability to adjust on the fly according to the current run-time power and performance situation. This thesis investigates architectural and compiler techniques for controlling power and performance in microprocessors. The overall contributions of this work are the proposed new concepts, methods, and framework for intelligent power and performance management. Specifically, this work has had two major thrusts. First, formal control-theoretic techniques will be discussed in the context of hardware-based energy control. The environment is a multiple clock domain processor. An analytical system model is first proposed that describes relationships among performance demand, capability, and clock frequency. A controller is then designed to balance the speeds of different clock islands. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is 2--3 times more efficient in terms of energy delay product improvement, compared to a previous heuristic approach. In addition, the new technique is more robust with a guaranteed stability margin even under extreme cases. For the above design, both fixed-interval and adaptive interval control schemes have been investigated. Second, software-layer energy control opportunities are explored in a general dynamic compilation system. It is shown that a dynamic compiler driven scheme has several unique features and advantages over existing energy control schemes. Such a scheme is then designed, implemented, and deployed on real hardware (with a Pentium-M processor). Experimental results from physical power measurements show up to 70% energy saving is accomplished for SPEC benchmarks. In addition, because of its orthogonal features and advantages, the dynamic compiler driven scheme can be an effective complement to existing hardware-based energy control schemes.

This 2,905 square foot home, located in the Estates at Eanes Creek, is a charming Texas Ranch Home. The Stone and Stucco combination with the Wood Beams give the Illusion that it is a piece of History with today's effi- ciency. The large homesite and privacy trees in the back yard give the spacious feeling that you are out on your own ranch far from the city yet, with the convenience of being so close. A n n o u n c i n g 1507 Corto Lane