Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy is a very commonly seen disease process involving atypical RPE cells allowing the development of a neuroepithelial retinal detachment. Typically, this disease is self-contained and resolves spontaneously; however, on occasion, one must intervene by treating the area of atypical RPE with laser photocoagulation. Patients with ICSC should be monitored closely for any signs of choroidal neovascular membrane.

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that commonly presents with ocular manifestations. These ocular manifestations include vision loss and optomotor deficit. Treatment modalities should include treatment of the systemic disease as well as the ocular disease. New treatment protocol suggests that the best way to treat optic neuritis is with IV methylprednisolone, unless there is some serious contraindication for the patient. The use of interferon and cyclosporin as well as other anti-inflammatory agents may be useful in the future.

Proper blood studies are necessary for the differential diagnosis of many diseases of the eye and visual system. The review of several blood chemistry, serology, and immunology tests is presented here with a brief review of the theory and use of these tests.