Introduction. The care of premature infants in French Polynesia is complicated by this country's geographic isolation. We undertook an evaluation of the medical care of very premature infants (VPIs) to find local solutions to this problem. Objectives. The objectives were to determine the incidence, mortality, and the short- and long-term outcome of very preterm infants in French Polynesia.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of all infants born alive at < 32 gestational age (GA) and > 24 GA from January 2001 to December 2011. Perinatal characteristics and outcomes were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results. In total, 204 VPIs were born during the 5-year study period, comprising 0.9% of all births. Infants less than 28 GA comprised 0.1% of all births. Sixty-two percent of mothers were of extreme age including 43% less than 25 years old. Prematurity was attributed to spontaneous preterm labor in 63% of cases and preeclampsia in 29%. Spontaneous multiple pregnancies comprised 15% of the cases. Alcohol and tobacco consumption were frequently noted (> 8% and 26% mothers, respectively). Seventy-eight percent of VPIs had received prenatal steroids. Intrauterine growth was normal in 89%. Mortality occurred in 9.3% (19 patients). Mortality was higher with lower gestational age (P < 0.05) and absence of prenatal steroids (P < 0.05) in univariate and multivariate analysis. The primary cause of death was sepsis. Hyaline membrane disease occurred in 44% of patients, 80% of whom received surfactant therapy. In total, 16.2% newborns developed bronchodysplasia, 3.4% necrotizing enterocolitis, 3% cerebral hemorrhage, and 1.5% leukomalacia. Long-term outcome was marked by 52% of the patients lost to follow-up by 2 years of age, mostly because of geographic isolation. For the 72 patients followed-up, four developed asthma and three cerebral palsy; 70% were attending school by 3 years of age.Conclusions. The incidence, mortality, and morbidity of very preterm birth in French Polynesia are comparable to reports from metropolitan centers in France. Conversely, nearly one-half of the patients were lost to follow-up, precluding meaningful information on intellectual development and other outcomes. We recommend organizing a long-term follow-up network to detect cognitive sequelae and adapting such a system to the geographical residence of French Polynesian families. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Intestinal fistula is a rare complication in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and is typically associated with a colonic stricture. We report the case of a preterm infant with severe NEC, who developed an ileocolic fistula followed by the appearance of a colonic stricture after surgical treatment. This report shows how complex the outcome of NEC can be: a contrast enema should be done in NEC when the clinical or biological outcome is not favorable, in order not to delay the diagnosis of intestinal fistula.

Acute leukemia is uncommon in neonates and has a much poorer prognosis than in older children. We report on a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia observed in a neonate who had bleeding and hepatosplenomegaly at birth, which justified intensive care during the first postnatal week. Despite early appropriate treatment, the patient died at 7 months of age. We present here physical and laboratory findings, which indicate a grim prognosis. These criteria should be considered carefully in order to ensure a realistic information for the parents and appropriate decisions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves.

Acute leukemia is uncommon in neonates and has a much poorer prognosis than in older children. We report on a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia observed in a neonate who had bleeding and hepatosplenomegaly at birth, which justified intensive care during the first postnatal week. Despite early appropriate treatment, the patient died at 7 months of age. We present here physical and laboratory findings, which indicate a grim prognosis. These criteria should be considered carefully in order to ensure a realistic information for the parents and appropriate decisions.

Eighty percent of children with cancer suffer from anemia at the time of diagnosis. The physiopathology of anemia is complex. Although anemia can be life threatening, its consequences on the physical, psychological and social state of the child are often minimized. Blood transfusion is the main treatment of anemia: its efficacy is immediate but shortlasting, and it involves infectious and hemolytic risks. The human recombinant erythropoietin has been used for more than 25-years, and is often prescribed to adults with cancer and anemia. The human recombinant erythropoietin rHuEPO is nowadays used when blood transfusion is contra-indicated because of religious or cultural considerations, although several promising studies have been conducted about rHuEPO and children with cancer since 1996: it might be soon the preferential alternative treatment to anemia in children with cancer.

Dichlorogermylporphyrins have been obtained from the reaction of GeCl4 or GeCl2. dioxane with porphyrin TMPyPH2, TAPPH2 and TPPSH2 in quinoline or pyridine. These dichlorogermyl porphyrins reacted in pyridine with HSCH2CH2NH.X (X=H.HCl, -(CH2)3NH2.2HCl) to lead to germylporphyrins with new ligands on germanium : cysteamine and N-(2-thioethyl)-1,3-diami nopropane hydrochloride.

The thermal 1, 4 addition of triorganohydrogermanes R3GeH (R = Et, Ph) with 3, 5-di-t-butylorthoquinone leads to their corresponding mono-O-germylated catechols in good yields. Similarly, the organohalohydrogermanes give the 2, 2-diorgano- (or 2, 2-organohalo)(6, 8-di-t-butyl)-4, 5-benzo-2-germa-1, 3-dioxolanes after dehydrochlorination of transient mono-O-chlorogermylated catechols. Since these reactions are only slightly dependent on solvent and radical initiators, the mechanism probably involves monoelectronic transfer with the formation of a radical anion pair in the first step. The ESR measurements show the transient formation of a paramagnetic o-semiquinonic species which supports the proposed mechanism.

AbstractDifluorogermylene (Ia) reacts with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐quinone (II) in THF to form the 1,3,2‐dioxagermole (IIIa).

The germylenes X2Ge, RGeX and R2Ge (X = halogen, OR; R = alkyl or aryl) react at room temperature with 3,5-di-t-butyl orthoquinone by regioselective cycloaddition. The corresponding substituted 2-germa-1,3-dioxolans are formed similarly in good yields, but their stabilities depend on the substituents on the metal. Some of them have also been synthesized by nucleophilic substitution from the corresponding chlorogermanes and 3,5-di-t-butyl catechol. 2-Halo(6,8-di-t-butyl)-4,5-benzo-2-germa-1,3-dioxolans undergo redistribution reactions, while the corresponding dialkyl or diaryl derivatives are very stable.

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 16, Issue 51 Organoelement Compounds ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF ORGANOCHLOROHYDROGERMANES AND -POLYGERMANES P. RIVIERE, P. RIVIERESearch for more papers by this authorA. CASTEL, A. CASTELSearch for more papers by this authorD. GUYOT, D. GUYOTSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SATGE, J. SATGESearch for more papers by this author P. RIVIERE, P. RIVIERESearch for more papers by this authorA. CASTEL, A. CASTELSearch for more papers by this authorD. GUYOT, D. GUYOTSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SATGE, J. SATGESearch for more papers by this author First published: December 24, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198551255AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume16, Issue51December 24, 1985 RelatedInformation

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene appears to be an efficient dehydrochlorination agent for the organochlorohydrogermanes PhCl2GeH, R2ClGeH (R = Et, Ph). In diluted solutions the intramolecular α-elimination process leads to germylene through germanate formation while in concentrated solutions intermolecular reactions are predominant and give organochlorohydropolygermanes in good yields. The latter reaction is an interesting and selective way to obtain digermanes with bulky substituents (R = mesityl).

Several thermal or photochemical α-elimination reactions of functional polygermanes lead to germylenes, R2Ge. Photolysis of polygermanes, cyclopolygermanes and polygermylmercury compounds and also hydrogen abstraction from various organohydropolygermanes using t-BuO., lead to the formation of polymetallated chains containing one or two germanium-centered radicals.