We report on design research for tech policy innovation in agriculture. We first present findings of an investigation into the resilience of a small-scale food system in a rural community situated in Eastern Washington State, United States. Drawing on these findings and civic agriculture as a normative frame, we develop a design toolkit that can be used to envision and explore tech policy innovations in agriculture. Our contributions are fivefold: 1) A design research case study in civic agriculture; 2) A resilience grammar for tracing resilience thinking in context; 3) An exploration of civic agriculture as a normative lens for responsible innovation; and 4) Four tech policy innovation criteria and a prototype of The Tech Policy Innovation Cards for Agriculture toolkit. Most broadly, 5) we contribute a proof-of-concept of moving from a design research case to the development of methods and toolkits for tech policy innovation.

In this article, we introduce the Special Issue, Value Sensitive Design: Charting the Next Decade, which arose from a week-long workshop hosted by Lorentz Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, November 14–18, 2016. Forty-one researchers and designers, ranging in seniority from doctoral students to full professors, from Australia, Europe, and North America, and representing a wide range of academic fields participated in the workshop. The first article in the special issue puts forward eight grand challenges for value sensitive design to help guide and shape the field. It is followed by 16 articles consisting of value sensitive design nuggets—short pieces of writing on a new idea, method, challenge, application, or other concept that engages some aspect of value sensitive design. The nuggets are grouped into three clusters: theory, method, and applications. Taken together the grand challenges and nuggets point the way forward for value sensitive design into the next decade and beyond.

The limits workshop series is a transition system, which shapes the work of activists, educators, and researchers.It does so, in part, by the development of language and tools and by catalyzing conversations about reality and possible futures.Given this proposition and drawing on ontologically oriented analysis and design, I explore the transition discourse of eight limits' papers, which consider aspects of food.The papers represent competing views of the future of place and planet.Building on this review, I discuss worldviews and transitions, transitions and time, and I explore how formative and instrumental approaches in computing research can contribute to institutional and cultural adaptation.

In this article, we report on eight grand challenges for value sensitive design, which were developed at a one-week workshop, Value Sensitive Design: Charting the Next Decade , Lorentz Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, November 14–18, 2016. A grand challenge is a substantial problem, opportunity, or question that motives sustained research and design activity. The eight grand challenges are: (1) Accounting for Power, (2) Evaluating Value Sensitive Design, (3) Framing and Prioritizing Values, (4) Professional and Industry Appropriation, (5) Tech policy, (6) Values and Human Emotions, (7) Value Sensitive Design and Intelligent Algorithms, and (8) Value Tensions. Each grand challenge consists of a discussion of its importance and a set of tractable key questions.

In this article, we first offer a model of design knowledge types (know-about, know-that, know-how) and their interrelationships in value sensitive design. Then we demonstrate that value sensitive design is a formative framework, which provides a shaping influence on practice, enables creative appropriation, and supports theory and method development.

The 4-5 panel members will represent educators from North America, Europe, and Australia, and represent various areas of experience in teaching value sensitive design, such as PhD supervision, entry levels at bachelor, and master levels in fields such as engineering, interaction design and computer science. The chair of the panel will be Daisy Yoo.

In this workshop, we would like to explore and better understand the connections between Responsible Innovation (RI) and value sensitive design (VSD). We offer VSD’s approach of adapting existing methods to account for human values as a useful strategy for incorporating the concerns if RI into human computer interaction.

Daisy Yoo, while a senior PhD candidate in the University of Washington Value Sensitive Design Lab working with Batya Friedman and David Hendry, developed the visual language for the theoretical constructs found in chapter 2. The idea for a visual language was inspired in part by Paul Klee's (1925) Pedagogical Sketchbook.

Cranes, stones, and pallets; hand, tool, and stone dust. As we have worked at this book, I have learned a little about carving stones from Batya's stories. There is a kinship between carving stone and value sensitive design: look for the details and the outline, look for the stopping point and the next way forward, look for the interaction between hand and tool and materials, look for process and outcome, look for the changing points of view.

Purpose - Addressing the question, how might socio-technical systems help homeless young people to succeed broadly in employment, the purpose of this paper is to present a future vision, the U-District Job Co-op, where youth take on "mini-jobs" offered by neighborhood stakeholders.Design/methodology/approach - Drawing on value sensitive design, design-based, and qualitative research methods, the Job Co-op is explicated by reporting on three linked studies.Findings - First, based on empirical research with varied neighborhood stakeholders, barriers and possible solutions to employment for homeless young people are presented. Second, three design insights for shaping a solution space of socio-technical systems for job search are presented and used analytically to examine six existing systems. Third, findings from a co-design study in which homeless young people expressed their understandings for web-based job services explicate the vision of the Job Co-op.Social implications - This study offers a socio-technical approach, grounded in the neighborhood context, for supporting homeless young people in job search and related activities.Originality/value - The studies reported in this paper demonstrate how methods for information system design can be used to generate and clarify opportunities for human benefit and for the development of socio-technical systems that account for human values.

We report on an empirical study where neighborhood stakeholders' views of the Job Co-op future vision were investigated. Taking on the values of a grassroots service agency, while also drawing on emerging practices of peer-to-peer sharing systems, the Job Co-op matches homeless young people, up to age 30, to suitable jobs and job sponsors. Community members were invited to engage the future vison at a streetfair exhibition, comprising a carnival wheel of barriers and solutions to homelessness for beginning conversations; a storyboard for introducing the design vision; and a questionnaire for eliciting feedback. Qualitative analysis of 71 collected questionnaires explicated the socio-technical design space for addressing the problem of youth, homelessness, and jobs. The method demonstrates the use of exhibition design for constructing a design-oriented social context---for community engagement, for educational outreach, for disseminating research and design possibilities, for conducting research, and for cooperative design.

Value sensitive design is a theoretically grounded approach to the designof technology that accounts for human values in a principled andsystematic manner throughout the design process. In this article weprovide a survey of 14 value sensitive design methods: 1 direct andindirect stakeholder analysis; 2 value source analysis; 3 co-evolutionof technology and social structure; 4 value scenario; 5 value sketch;6 value-oriented semi- structured interview; 7 scalable informationdimensions; 8 value-oriented coding manual; 9 value-oriented mockup,prototype, or field deployment; 10 ethnographically informed inquiryregarding values and technology; 11 model of informed consentonline; 12 value dams and flows; 13 value sensitive action-reflectionmodel; and 14 Envisioning Cards TM. Each of these methods is honedto the investigation of values in technology, serving such purposesas stakeholder identification and legitimation, value representation andelicitation, and values analysis. While presented individually, the methodsare intended to be integrated in a robust value sensitive designprocess. The survey article begins with a brief summary of value sensitivedesign methodology and theoretical constructs. We next providean overview of the 14 methods. Then, we turn to a broader discussion ofvalue sensitive design practice, focussing on some methodological strategiesand heuristics to support skillful value sensitive design practice.Following the broad discussion of practice, we illustrate one method inaction-value scenarios-providing details on its range of purposes andcontexts. We conclude with reflections on core characteristics of valuesensitive design methodology, and heuristics for innovation.

In the 2010’s it is widely recognized by computer and information scientists, social scientists, designers, and philosophers of technology that the design of information systems is not value neutral [5-8,11]. Rather, such systems are value laden in part because societal values are major factors in shaping systems, and at the same time the design of the technology reinforces, restructures or uproots societal value structures. Of the many theories and methods to design for this phenomenon one continues to gain traction for its systematic and overarching consideration of values in the design process: Value Sensitive Design (VSD) [5-7]. The aim of this multidisciplinary workshop is to bring together scholars and practitioners interested in ways values can be made to bear upon design and to help continue to build a community by sharing experiences, insights, and criticism.

In this dissertation, I explore the idea of designing "flexible game systems". A flexible game system allows players (not software designers) to decide on what rules to enforce, who enforces them, and when. I explore this in the context of digital card games and introduce two design strategies for promoting flexibility. The first strategy is "robustness". When players want to change the rules of a game, a robust system is able to resist extreme breakdowns that the new rule would provoke. The second is "versatility". A versatile system can accommodate multiple use-scenarios and can support them very well. To investigate these concepts, first, I engage in reflective design inquiry through the design and implementation of Card Board, a highly flexible digital card game system. Second, via a user study of Card Board, I analyze how players negotiate the rules of play, take ownership of the game experience, and communicate in the course of play. Through a thematic and grounded qualitative analysis, I derive rich descriptions of negotiation, play, and communication. I offer contributions that include criteria for flexibility with sub-principles of robustness and versatility, design recommendations for flexible systems, novel dimensions of design for gameplay and communications, and rich description of game play and rule-negotiation over flexible systems. A model of rule-negotiation is introduced as well as advancements in theory regarding unexpected use of software and socially-negotiated play.

This technical report is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1018008.

We introduce a design method for evolving a co-design space to support stakeholders untrained in design. Specifically, the purpose of the method is to expand and shape a co-design space so that stakeholders, acting as designers, focus not only on the form and function of a tool being envisioned but also on the social context of its use and values that lie with individuals, groups, and societies. The method introduces value sensitive stakeholder prompts and designer prompts into a co-design process, creating a particular kind of reflection-on-action cycle. The prompts provide a means for bringing empirical data on values and theoretical perspective into the co-design process. We present the method in terms of a general model, the Value Sensitive Action-Reflection Model; place the model within discourse on co-design spaces; and illustrate the model with a discussion of its application in a lo-fi prototyping activity around safety for homeless young people. We conclude with reflections on the model and method.