Antibody responses in serum and semen, and immunoglobulin containing cell (ICC) populations in the genitalia of bulls were compared after inoculating Brucella abortus strain 19 into the seminal vesicles of two bulls (ISV route) and into testes in two other bulls (IT route). Bulls seroconverted as early as 1 week post-infection (PI). Peak serum titres as determined by the serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT) and ELISA occurred at PI weeks 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Highest titres were in IT inoculated bulls. Seminal antibodies against B. arbotus S19 were demonstrated from 2 weeks PI by both the SAT and the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and highest titres occurred at PI weeks 3 and 4. Examination of immunoglobulins (Ig) in semen, however, revealed no significant differences of Ig isotypes between infected and control animals at any examination time. When bulls were killed at 7 weeks PI, quantitation of ICC in genital sections stained by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method revealed an overwhelming predominance of IgG containing cells in inflamed organs. In all cases IgG1- and IgG2-containing cells were prevalent, and present in approximately equal numbers. IgA-containing cells were second in prevalence in inflamed tissues while IgM cells were always in low percentage. High prevalence of ICC in infected genitalia, associated with elevated specific seminal antibodies but not with increased seminal Ig indicates that most Ig remains localised in tissues and is not transferred into genital secretions.

The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was used to identify cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in the accessory sex glands of 15 normal bulls and 13 bulls with inflammation of the ASG. Immunoglobulin containing cells (ICC) of the types IgA, IgM, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 were measured and their percentages expressed. In accessory sex glands from normal bulls, IgA containing cells were the most frequent in prostate and bulbourethral glands (86.7% and 86.1%, respectively of all ICC present) whereas in the ampulla, IgG containing cells comprised 78.6% of the ICC. IgG1 and IgG2 containing cells were present in all the accessory sex glands in approximately equal numbers. Frequencies of IgM containing cells in the ampulla, prostate and bulbourethral glands were 6.3%, 4.0% and 3.7%, respectively. Although all isotypes of ICC were present in the seminal vesicle, the very low number precluded accurate quantification. In inflamed ampulla, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland and colliculus seminalis, IgG containing cells were the most frequent ICC with values of 66.2%, 83.0%, 69.0% and 53.5%, respectively; IgA containing cells were the second in prevalence with values of 21.5%, 10.3% 19.3% and 40.5%, respectively. The contribution of ICC to the locally protective immunoglobulins in accessory sex gland secretions is discussed.

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 66, Issue 1 p. 29-30 Control of equine infectious anaemia on a large northern Queensland farm JR. ARMSTRONG, JR. ARMSTRONG Stanbroke Pastoral Company Ltd, GPO Box 155, Brisbane, Queensland 4000Search for more papers by this authorID. BRAITHWAITE, ID. BRAITHWAITE P.O. Box 2092, Mount Isa, Queensland 4825Search for more papers by this authorM. FLANAGAN, M. FLANAGAN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorD. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorI. POLKINGHORN, I. POLKINGHORN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this author JR. ARMSTRONG, JR. ARMSTRONG Stanbroke Pastoral Company Ltd, GPO Box 155, Brisbane, Queensland 4000Search for more papers by this authorID. BRAITHWAITE, ID. BRAITHWAITE P.O. Box 2092, Mount Isa, Queensland 4825Search for more papers by this authorM. FLANAGAN, M. FLANAGAN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorD. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorI. POLKINGHORN, I. POLKINGHORN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1989.tb09710.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume66, Issue1January 1989Pages 29-30 RelatedInformation

Scrotal circumference (SC), testicular diameter (TD) and testicular weight (TW) were measured at necropsy of 148 Merino rams of varying age (yearling: 110, 2- to 3-year-old: 5, 4-year-old: 28, greater than 7-year-old: 5). These rams, although culled from flocks in north western Queensland for poor conformation or advancing age, had no clinically palpable or gross necropsy lesions of the genitalia. Despite the fact that SC measurement was performed at necropsy on scrota with greatly varying wool cover and its diverse content of plant material (burrs and grass seeds), the correlation of SC with TW was positive, high and significant (r = 0.92, P less than 0.01). This correlation was greater than that between TD and TW (r = 0.91, P less than 0.01) even though both were measured after dissection of the scrotal contents. The clinically convenient SC measurement deserves wider application as an estimate of testicular weight and therefore fertility in rams.

Testicular neoplasms of rams are rare. Seminoma and Sertoli cell tumor have been documented. Other unusual neoplasms recorded from ram genitalia include single cases of intra-testicular papillary cystadenocar~inoma~ (which we believe was a Sertoli cell tumor of irregular pattern), hemangiosar~oma,~ interstitial cell tumor,3 and extra-testicular lipoma.s Smooth muscle neoplasms are rare in the male reproductive tract of any species. Although extra-testicular leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas are occasionally found in man1 and animals,* intra-testicular smooth muscle neoplasms are especially rare.l A report of testicular leiomyoma in a stallion was thought to be part of a teratoma in which smooth muscle was found.2 While examining the reproductive tracts of 847 rams as part of an abattoir study, we found two testicular neoplasms, a seminoma, and a leiomyoma. The leiomyoma was in an aged ram with worn and broken incisor teeth. The ram weighed 48 kg and was from a Brucella ovis-free flock. Both testes were small and uniformly firm. The testes, with epididymides removed, were 60 and 52 mm long, 38 and 33 mm wide (anterior to posterior), and weighed 39 and 34 g for left and right sides, respectively. The accessory sex glands were also smaller than those of normal rams of comparable age, but were otherwise normal. The right testis contained a centrally located red-brown circumscribed soft area which measured 23 x 20 x 20 mm (Fig. 1). Tissue from the tumor was fixed in Bouin's solution, routinely processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Martius scarlet blue (MSB), phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH), van Gieson, and Gordon and Sweets reticulum stains. Histologically, both testes were fibrotic with few tubules. Macrophages and multinucleated giant cells were seen near tubular content remnants. Arteries were contracted with smooth muscle hypertrophy. The tumor was encapsulated and consisted of interlacing whorls of elongated cells which had eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval to cigar-shaped bluntended nuclei (Fig. 2). No evidence of increased fibrosis or reticulum was seen on examination of MSBand Gordon and Sweets reticulum-stained sections. Van Gieson-stained sections indicated that the cell staining was similar to muscle tissue; however, striations were not seen in PTAH-stained sections. Necrosis, multinucleated cells, or mitoses were not seen. The neoplasm was therefore diagnosed as a leiomyoma. The intra-testicular leiomyoma from a man reported by Honore and Sullivan1 was thought to have arisen from myoid contractile cells surrounding seminiferous tubules. This proposed histogenesis was based on the lack of anatomic continuity with smooth muscle of blood vessels, the entrapment of tubules within the tumor and continuity with tubular tunics, and the presence of intra-neoplastic collagen, conforming with the bipotentiality of myoid cells. Since the ovine leiomyoma reported here was encapsulated, had no evidence of anatomic continuity with tubular tunics, and contained little collagen, it was presumed to have originated from a blood vessel. The absence of metastases or other neoplastic masses indicated its probable origin within the testis.

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 66, Issue 9 p. 307-308 An analysis of recent isolations of Mycobacterium bovis and saprophytic mycobacteria from cattle in northern Queensland BJ DUFFIELD, BJ DUFFIELD Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorJH NORTON, JH NORTON Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorD. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this author BJ DUFFIELD, BJ DUFFIELD Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorJH NORTON, JH NORTON Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this authorD. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4810Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1989.tb13964.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume66, Issue9September 1989Pages 307-308 RelatedInformation

A total of 40 mature or aged rams with spontaneous varicocele detected by scrotal palpation were subjected to detailed necropsy examination. Varicocele was bilateral in 22 rams or was located on the left or right sides only, in 8 and 10 rams, respectively. This distribution contrasted with varicocele in man in which the left side is involved in 70 to 100% of cases. Mean sizes of varicoceles in mm (length x diameter) were 117 x 46 and 104 x 45 for the left and right sides, respectively, and they were located high in the pampiniform plexus, approximately 100 mm from the dorsal pole of the corresponding testis. All varicoceles were thrombosed. Changes associated with large varicoceles included testicular mineralisation and occluding thrombosis of testicular vessels. Total testis weight-bodyweight ratio in rams with varicocele (5.8 to 6.4 x 10(-3] was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than in normal (control) rams from the same flocks (7.9 x 10(-3] suggesting that some degree of testicular atrophy resulted from presence of a varicocele.

The levels of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were measured in serum and fluid from various locations in the reproductive tract of normal rams. These fluids included semen, preputial washings, and fluid from the accessory sex glands (ASG), vasa deferens, rete testes, and tissue fluid from the seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, epididymal tails and efferent ducts. In addition, the prevalence of specific Ig-containing cells (ICC) was measured in sections of formalin fixed tissues stained by an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase labelling technique. Mean IgA levels in semen (1.23 mg/ml) and ASG fluid (0.46 mg/ml), were higher than in serum (0.19 mg/ml) and were at levels higher than IgG1 or IgG2 levels in semen, ASG fluid, and preputial washings, thus confirming the existence of a local immune system primarily in the ASG of ram genitalia. Relatively low concentrations of IgA and IgG in other genital fluids and IgG levels in these fluids were consistent with diffusion from serum. The relatively high prevalence of IgA-containing cells in bulbourethral (56% of all ICC) and prostate (49%) glands confirmed these tissues as major sites of local Ig production. ICC were also found in large numbers beneath pelvic urethral and preputial epithelia, but these were predominantly IgG-containing (88 and 72% respectively).

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 64, Issue 8 p. 248-250 Pathology of the accessory sex glands of rams infected with Brucella ovis R A FOSTER, R A FOSTER Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this authorP W LADDS, P W LADDS Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this authorG D BRIGGS, G D BRIGGS Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this authorD. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this author R A FOSTER, R A FOSTER Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this authorP W LADDS, P W LADDS Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this authorG D BRIGGS, G D BRIGGS Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this authorD. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Queensland 4811Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1987.tb09694.xCitations: 14AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Reference Biberstein E L, McGowan B., Robinson E A and Harrold D R (1962) Cornell Vet 52: 214. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Biberstein E L, McGowan B., Olander H. and Kennedy P C (1964) Cornell Vet 54: 27. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Brown G M, Ranger G R and Kennedy D J (1971) Cornell Vet 61: 265. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jansen B C (1983) Onderstepoort J Vet Res 50: 275. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kennedy P C, Frazier L M and McGowan B. (1956) Cornell Vet 46: 303. Google Scholar Ludford C. and Claxton P D (1981) SCA Animal Health Committee Subcommittee of Principal Laboratory Officers (revised by J E Searson) Aust Bureau of Animal Health Publication, Canberra . Google Scholar Pacheco-Rupil B., Depiante-Depaoli M., Romero M. and Yantorno C. (1981) Am J Repro Immun 1: 255. 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1981.tb00050.x Google Scholar Parsonson I M, Winter A J and McEntee K. (1971) Vet Path 8: 333. 10.1177/030098587100800405 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Rahaley R S (1983) Dissert Abstr PhD Kansas State Univ. Google Scholar Searson J E (1984) Studies on the Pathogenesis of Brucella ovis Infection, MVSc thesis, Univ of Sydney. Google Scholar Searson J E (1986) Aust Vet J 63: 30. 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02872.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume64, Issue8August 1987Pages 248-250 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 62, Issue 11 p. 390-391 Suspected histoplasmosis capsulati of the intestine in a dog D. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085 Townsville 4810Search for more papers by this authorJ. NORTON, J. NORTON Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085 Townsville 4810Search for more papers by this authorA. MUDIE, A. MUDIE P.O. Box 756, Ingham 4850Search for more papers by this authorF. W. CHANDLER, F. W. CHANDLER Centers for Disease Control Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this author D. HOFFMANN, D. HOFFMANN Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085 Townsville 4810Search for more papers by this authorJ. NORTON, J. NORTON Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 1085 Townsville 4810Search for more papers by this authorA. MUDIE, A. MUDIE P.O. Box 756, Ingham 4850Search for more papers by this authorF. W. CHANDLER, F. W. CHANDLER Centers for Disease Control Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb14222.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume62, Issue11November 1985Pages 390-391 RelatedInformation