Flow cytometry (FC) was developed in the late 1950s and is nowadays the gold standard for automated quantitative cellular analysis. In the early 1990s, a new generation of cytometry became commercially available-laser scanning cytometry (LSC). While the hardware of LSC was related to FC, LSC provided images of forward scatter and all fluorochromes. This new technique allowed the analysis of solid tissues and reanalysis of samples and provided data similar to those of FC. A number of peer-reviewed, frequently cited studies were published using the features of LSC. Only a minority, however, must have believed that LSC would replace FC by that time. Currently, the LSC is still sold but withheld from any further development. It seems an epoque has come to an end. How did it come? The presented literature review tries to answer some questions.

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Sustainable development can be defined as fulfilling the population's desires without harming the world to the point that the next generations will not have as many opportunities. To help keep this balance, the United States Organization created Agenda 2030 with 17 Sustainable Development Goals. However, the population of this concept has become the main difficulty of modern humanity. So, the present study aims to contribute to the population's social development once educational institutions are seen as a promoter and increasingly aware and capable of understanding and maintaining the necessary balance for the planet's well-being and quality of life. The methodology to be used consists of selecting an explanatory video about the theme and using Kirkpatrick's method. Using interviews, this method analyses the person in four moments: reaction, learning, behaviour, and results. The first two were answered after watching the video, and the others were applied a month apart. On average, there were 40 written responses, which showed improved knowledge of the SDGs. In this way, the development of attitudes and the importance of learning the SDGs showed positive results in the training.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the histological degree of breast cancer malignancy using the automated principle of machine learning with the free access computer programs Cell Profiler and Tanagra. Methods and results: Digital photographs of neoplastic tissue histological slides were obtained from 224 women with breast cancer. The digitized images were transferred to the Cell Profiler software and treated according to a predetermined algorithm, resulting in a database exported to the Tanagra software for further automated classification of the histological degree of malignancy. The Kappa index of agreement between the medical pathologist and the automated analysis performed in the Tanagra software was 0.91 for the tubular score, 0.55 for the nuclear score, and 0.49 for the mitotic index score.

Introdução: A doença viral denominada COVID-19, causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, iniciou seu curso infeccioso pela China em dezembro de 2019 e levou a OMS a declarar estado de pandemia global em 30 de janeiro de 2020, afetando drasticamente a saúde física e mental de uma parcela considerável da população mundial. Paralelo a esse quadro, a síndrome de burnout tem uma alta incidência entre os profissionais da área da saúde, principalmente frente a condições adversas de trabalho, dentre as quais podemos destacar uma recém-descoberta pandemia viral com tamanho poder de infectividade como o SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Analisar as características e prevalência do burnout presente em profissionais em área de tratamento referência COVID-19, e propor ideias de enfrentamento. Método: A pesquisa é composta de duas etapas: 1- avaliação inicial, e 2- avaliação final. Um questionário sistematizado, com 40 questões, foi aplicado aos profissionais da área. Resultado: Dentre os 96 entrevistados na avaliação inicial, segundo os preditores indicados pelo Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa sobre Stress e Síndrome de Burnout, apenas 32 médicos pontuaram dentro dos níveis que sugerem burnout (Baixo, Médio e Alto), sendo que o nível “Médio” das três dimensões analisadas (Exaustão Emocional, Despersonalização, Realização Pessoal) foi o mais prevalente. Conclusão: Diante desse contexto, a caracterização da síndrome de burnout nos profissionais da saúde é de fundamental importância para o delineamento de estratégias de promoção de saúde mental e qualidade de vida destes profissionais, submetidos à alta carga de trabalho e a diversos sentimentos negativos observados.

To assess the performance indicators for pharmaceutical services (PS) in primary health care (PHC), the level of satisfaction with pharmacy services among users and managers / pharmacists’ impressions in relation to the findings were evaluated. The study used mixed methods, including a retrospective and descriptive study of the performance indicators for PS in PHC, an observational study on the level of satisfaction and a qualitative study of users’ perception of pharmacy services at Health Units. Managers and pharmacists’ impressions of the study results were also collected. Only 44.4% of pharmacies had a full-time pharmacist. From the establishments visited, 5.3% did not have an air-conditioned environment, and only 33.3% of the items essential to the Good Practices of Storage of Medicines and Supplies criteria were fulfilled. Although 77.9% of the prescribed medicines were dispensed, it did not reach the 80% standard. The satisfaction level of users was 3.2±0.6, indicating dissatisfaction with pharmacies’ services. By means of an evaluation of each item within the questionnaire, it was possible to observe that variables related to pharmaceutical care presented low scores in relation to other domains, thus evidencing the fragility of the pharmaceutical-patient relationship in users’ perception. Managers and pharmacists suggested that these results were related to the inadequate physical infrastructure of pharmacies, work overload, lack of recognition and undervaluation of pharmacists, lack of interaction within the PHC team, high turnover of pharmacists, and lack of PS prioritization by the administration. PS in PHC has structural and organizational weaknesses that require changes. In general, users are dissatisfied with pharmacies’ services, especially with pharmaceutical care.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease marked by elevated blood glucose levels. Controlling DM involves adequate diet, physical exercises, medicines and monitoring the blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. This was a retrospective study of the process of dispensing long-acting insulin analogues to users with diabetes (types 1 and 2) who were registered at high-cost public pharmacies in public health system in a southeast state of Brazil, that sought to evaluate the fulfillment of the criteria of all the clinical protocol to provide these analogs. Of the 987 users registered in the health service, 315 met the inclusion criteria for the study. The evaluation of the dispensing processes of the long-acting insulin analogues revealed that the inclusion, exclusion, and suspension criteria of the protocol related with these insulin analogues were in some extend only partially fulfilled. Additionally, there was no difference between the initial and final fasting glycemic and HbA1c levels. It is concluded that the established criteria for dispensing long-acting insulin analogues were partly fulfilled by pharmacies, compromising the rational use of these analogues. It can directly impact the cost of maintaining the public health service and users' health.

Certain concentration of metal may influence survival in embryonic stages, reducing the birthrate and hatching emergence. This study aimed to evaluate concentration of metal in eggs and hatchlings of Dermochelys coriacea and correlate metal concentrations in eggs with hatching and emergence success. The samples were collected at Biological Reserve Station, ES, Brazil. At the nests' opening, unhatched eggs and stillborn hatchlings were collected to survey the successful hatching and emergence of D. coriacea. The eggs shell, egg content, and dead hatchlings metal concentrations were compared to hatching and emergence success. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of copper (Cu) in the hatchlings and the success of the emergence (r(2) = .28, p < .05), and a moderate positive correlation between the concentrations of iron (Fe) and barium (Ba; r(2) = .44, p < .05) and success hatching. The concentrations of metals in eggs and hatchlings of D. coriacea in the Espirito Santo are below the levels that could be considered harmful to the species. In summary, there is a positive correlation between metals levels and hatching and emergence success.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) occurs when different metabolic and hemodynamic components change simultaneously, being one of the factors related to high mortality rates in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effects of the probiotic kefir on anthropometric and physiological parameters in human subjects with MS. Methods: forty-eight patients diagnosed with MS were assigned into two groups in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Kefir group (KG) and control group (CG) drank kefir beverage and curd (1.6 mL/ kg for men or 1.9 mL/kg for women) for 12 weeks, respectively. Blood pressure, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters (fasting glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HA1c), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDLc), triglycerides (Tg), oxidized LDL cholesterol (oxLDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinophosphokinase (CPK), gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (gamma-GT), urea nitrogen, urea, and creatinine were evaluated before and after treatment. The risk of cardiovascular events for the next ten years was calculated through the Framingham Score method. Results: Kefir intake decreased blood pressure, fasting glycemia, LDLc, non-HDLc, Tg, and oxLDL, and increased HDLc levels in women. Kefir also reduced the risk of cardiovascular events for the next ten years, although anthropometric parameters remained unchanged. Conclusions: Kefir intake improved blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid levels, reducing oxLDL and the risk of developing cardiovascular events in the next ten years. These results suggest regular kefir intake may have positive effects on MS treatment.

Background: High intensity exercises can damage active muscles due to mechanical and oxidative stress. Dietary supplements can mitigate muscle damage, especially vegetable products with high content of antioxidant compounds, such as soybean. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a fermented soy-based beverage on oxidative stress and exercise performance in animals submitted to resistive exercise. Methods: The soybean fermented product was prepared with soybean extract fermented by Kefir grains and then the content of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were analyzed using the ABTS test. Animals were divided into sedentary (control-C, soybean-S, and soybean-kefir-SK) and exercised (exercise-E, soybean-SE, and soybean-kefir-SKE) groups. After 8 weeks of treatment all animals were euthanized. Results: Blood lactate was high (>7 mmol/l) in all exercised groups. The SKE group performed the highest number of jumps in training sessions, when compared to the other groups (E: 28.20 +/- 2.29; SE: 29.20 +/- 2.72; SKE: 41.27 +/- 1.76; jump/min; p < 0.05). In addition, the SKE group developed hypertrophy of the gastrocnemicus muscle (E: 1.46 +/- 0.003; SE: 1.46 +/- 0.005; SKE: 1.51 +/- 0.005; g/cm; p < 0.05), with less oxidative stress. The soybean fermented beverage had a high antioxidant effect (SK IR50: 4.13 +/- 0.57; S IR50: 6.53 +/- 0.35; p < 0.05) and increased flavonoids content (SK: 0.96 +/- 0.04 mg/g; S: 0.095 +/- 0.038 mg/g; p < 0.01). Conclusion: High flavonoids content soy-based drink fermented with kefir blunted oxidative stress on skeletal muscle, resulting in improvement of the physical performance in animals trained through high intensity anaerobic exercise.

This study aims to investigate the knowledge of speech therapists about characteristics of food used in the management of dysphagia. This was a quantitative descriptive study, performed using an online questionnaire (SurveyMonkey (R)) about the desirable food and beverages attributes to facilitate deglutition in dysphagia rehabilitation: texture, viscosity, temperature, taste, and moisture. Participants were separated into two groups, experts in dysphagia and no experts in dysphagia. Differences between the two groups were compared using the Freeman-Halton extension of the Fisher exact probability test and chi-square test. From 1,072 respondents, 752 were included and 572 were experts in dysphagia. The speech therapist expert in dysphagia answered correctly about the texture and viscosity, while no experts answered correctly only about viscosity. The other attributes, temperature, taste, and moisture, were incorrectly answered by both groups. The speech therapists demonstrated reduced knowledge regarding the characteristics of foods most indicated for patients with dysphagia. Practical applications The rehabilitation program for patients with dysphagia, established to promote safe and efficient food intake, includes changes in diet offered, since swallowing mechanism is dependent upon bolus characteristics. Speech therapist must select specific characteristics, such as texture, viscosity, temperature, taste, and moisture. The speech therapists participants demonstrated reduced knowledge regarding the characteristics of foods, presenting better results in texture and consistency than in temperature, taste, and moisture. There is a need to deepen the knowledge of speech therapists about the characteristics of foods so that choices in modified diets are more assertive and achieve the goal of ensure a safe and efficient swallowing for these patients.

Background: Ischemic cardiovascular diseases, which occur due to atherosclerosis, are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The increase in the occurrence of these diseases among women occurs mainly in the postmenopausal period, due to the decrease in the levels of female hormones. The present study investigated the effects of cinnamaldehyde on atherosclerotic lesions, lipid profiles and oxidative stress in LDLr-/- ovariectomized mice. Methods: The lipid deposition in the aortas was determined by the en face method and staining with red oil. Lipid profiles and levels of oxidized LDL were analyzed in blood samples and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in samples of aorta, heart and liver tissue. Results: Cinnamaldehyde prevented lipid deposition in the aorta of female ovariectomized mice. In addition, it was able to improve oxidative stress markers and reduce levels of oxidized LDL. Conclusion: Cinnamaldehyde prevented the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of LDLr-/-ovariectomized mice and this effect can be justified, at least in part, by its antioxidant activity.

The plasma protein fractions and leukocyte response induced by an experimental subcutaneous inoculation of Escherichia coli isolated and inactivated in turtlesin captivity ( Podocnemis unifilis —“tracajá”), were evaluated. The animals were divided into two groups (test group and control) with 10 turtles each. Blood samples from all animals were collected the day before the inoculation and at days 15, 28, 42 and 125 days in both groups. The inoculation of E. coli did not significantly alter the red blood cell count, but the serial collection of blood led to a mild normochromic macrocytic anemia.The inoculation of E. coli was not responsible for the observed changes in erythrogram. The leukocyte count showed an inflammatory process indistinct for the presence of E. coli , except for the lymphocytosis observed in the test group. The determination of the A:G ratio proved useful in the detection of immunoglobulin production responsive to inoculation with E. coli .

Background: Brazil includes food as a social right, making the State responsible to the courts for the sufficient and adequate supply of enteral food. Objectives: to evaluate the supply of enteral diets in pharmacies in the state of Espirito Santo. Methods: to do this, we used the forms filled out by patients or legal representatives, containing medical records, to analyze the nutritional and social profiles of the users over two years, and the compliance of the administrative processes with the ordinance that instituted enteral food supplies was verified. Results: the sample was comprised of 204 patients receiving enteral nutrition, and the administrative procedures required to supply these patients were surveyed in seven (7/9) pharmacies. The data showed that the most common group was that of women (51 %), who were white (51 %), legally represented (91 %), and 73.5 years old (11 to 109 years). Information regarding missing anthropometric data, use of terms and calculations for obtaining enteral food other than those recommended, incomplete documents, alterations to the physical examinations suggestive of error, and nonobservance of inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected for this study. Conclusions: this study revealed that there were gaps in the process of enteral diet supply by the Espirito Santo pharmacies, both concerning compliance with the protocol and patient follow-up by the professional who assists both the patient and the pharmacist who provides the input.

A importância de uma educacao de qualidade torna-se cada vez mais evidente para a formacao de cidadaos criticos, responsaveis e capacitados para a vida. Com isso, e importante criar uma visao educacional que insira a relacao homem e meio ambiente junto as propostas de aprendizagem expostas no curriculo escolar. Este trabalho consistiu na investigacao da construcao de uma horta, uso de plantas medicinais, alimentares e ornamentais e microscopia empregados como ferramentas facilitadoras do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e interdisciplinaridade. Foram construidas sequencias didaticas, envolvendo 11 aulas praticas experimentais para o ensino de matematica, fisica, biologia e lingua portuguesa. Os resultados demonstraram que a utilizacao de horta, das plantas e da microscopia em ambiente escolar podem ser ferramentas capazes de tornar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem mais significativo. DIDACTIC SEQUENCES WITH MEDICINAL, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND MICROSCOPY FOR USE IN SCIENCE TEACHING The importance of quality education becomes indisputable when the idea of forming critical, responsible, and capable citizens for life is inserted. Considering that, it becomes evident the importance of creating an educational vision that inserts the relationship between man and the environment together with the learning proposals exposed in the school curriculum. This work consisted of investigating the construction of a vegetable garden, the use of medicinal, food and ornamental plants and microscopy used as tools to facilitate the teaching-learning process and interdisciplinarity. Didactic sequences were built, involving 11 practical experimental classes for teaching mathematics, physics, biology, and Portuguese. The results showed that vegetable gardens, plants, and microscopy are tools capable of making teaching meaningful.

Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids is important for its physiological effects. The aim was to investigate the effects of finasteride (a 5α-reductase inhibitor - 5αR) on cardiac and mutagenic effects promoted by ND. Male Wistar rats were separated into three groups: CONT, received the vehicles of ND and finasteride (Peanut oil+Saline); DECA group, received ND (20 mg.kg.week-1, i.m.), and DECAF received ND and finasteride (100 µg.kg-1, i.p.), for four weeks. After, hypertrophy, cytokines and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) activity was determined in heart. Bone marrow was used for micronucleus evaluation. Treatment with ND promotes increase in cardiac hypertrophy, ACE activity and disbalance among pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and combination with finasteride worsened those effects. Association with finasteride ameliorates the toxic effects of ND on bone marrow cells, as was observed by a normalization of the number of micronucleate polychromatic erythrocytes and the mitotic index. Our data demonstrates that deleterious effects promoted by ND are depend, at least in part, of its metabolization. Also, inhibition of 5αR by finasteride present variated effects dependent on organ studied. It can promote increase on cardiac damage and a reduction on mutagenic effects of ND, which demonstrated that dehydronandrolone has diverse role on ND effects..

Multiple methods have been developed to estimate size and shape of nanoparticles from transmission electron microscopy images. However, some of them have limiting characteristics such as hard to use, expensive or have steps that make the results unreal. We present here a comparison of a manual (IMAGEJ) and an automated analysis, both free methods. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the traditional Turkevich method using sodium citrate. We used 23 images of gold nanoparticles. The results of our study show that the conglomerated particles can be excluded-given that a sufficient amount of particles is included in the analysis. We show that CellProfiler can be highly efficient to assumptions about size and shape of nanoparticles. These findings provide a new approach of free software that can be applied as machine learning and therefore automate the processing of nanoparticles data.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (NIC) is directly related to increased morbidity and mortality, and its treatment and prevention might be achieved by the administration of antioxidant products. The juçara palmetto (Euterpe edulis Martius) has fruits rich in phenolic compounds, which are known for their antioxidant activity. This work aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of E. edulis pulp in the NIC animal model. The collected fruits were pulped, their contents of polyphenols and anthocyanins were quantified, and their antioxidant activity were evaluated. The nephroprotective effects were determined based on iodine contrast induction and evaluated by biochemical and histological analyses. The results showed that E. edulis pulp was rich in polyphenols (811 ± 16.7 mg EAG/g) and anthocyanins (181.25 mg/100 g) and had very strong antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) method, which revealed an antioxidant activity index (AAI) of 3.4, and the 2,29-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method, which revealed an IC50 of 0.59 ± 0.03 mg/mL. In the in vivo experiments, E. edulis pulp tended to provide renal protection and reduce renal dysfunction and tubular morphological lesions in mice after the induction of NIC, and these effects were obtained through the antioxidant activities of the polyphenols in the pulp.

This work evaluated the effects of long-term kefir treatment in cardiac function (cardiac contractility and calcium-handling proteins) and the central nervous system (CNS) control of the sympathetic signaling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male normotensive rats [Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs)] and SHRs were divided into three groups: WKYs and SHRs treated with vehicle, and SHRs treated with milk fermented by the grains of kefir (5%; SHR-Kefir; oral gavage, 0.3 ml/100 g daily/9 weeks). At the end of treatment, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured by direct arterial catheterization. Hemodynamic parameters (left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time constant, maximal and minimal pressure decay) were acquired through a left ventricular catheter implantation. Left ventricle protein expressions of phospholamban (PLB), its phosphorylated form (p-PLB) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) were determined by Western blot. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression was evaluated via immunofluorescence within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). SHR-Kefir group presented lower MAP and HR compared to SHRs. Kefir treatment ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and promoted reduced expression of PLB, p-PLB and SERCA2a contractile proteins. Within the PVN and RVML, TH protein overexpression observed in SHRs was reduced by probiotic treatment. In addition, kefir improved cardiac hemodynamic parameters in SHR-treated animals. Altogether, the data show that long-term kefir treatment reduced blood pressure by mechanisms involving reduction of cardiac hypertrophy, improvement of cardiac contractility and calcium-handling proteins, and reduction in the CNS regulation of the sympathetic activity.