In this chapter, the authors discuss the rainbow vertex connection number of triangular snake, double triangular snake, triple triangular snake, alternating triangular snake, double alternating triangular snake and quadrilateral snake graphs. They consider all graphs are connected, finite and undirected graphs. A graph has a set of vertices and a set of edges respectively. It refers Gross and Yellen for all kinds of definitions and notations. An edge colored graph is called rainbow connected if any two vertices are connected by a rainbow path. The rainbow vertex coloring of the triangular snake graph, double triangular snake graph, triple triangular snake graph and alternating triangular snake graph has been defined and their rainbow connection numbers have been computed using rainbow edge colorings.

The present investigation was conducted to identify promising and stable genotypes from 21 advanced breeding lines using Eberhart and Russell model and to compare the suitability and authenticity of the Eberhart and Russell model with various other stability models like Shukla's si(2), Wricke's W-i(2) and Tai's lambda(i). The analysis of variance for stability revealed highly significant differences between genotypes which suggested that the genotypes differed considerably with respect to yield performance. The linear genotype x environment interaction as well as pooled deviation mean squares were also significant, indicating the presence of both predictable and non-predictable components. Five genotypes LT31, BR231, BR233, BR242 and BR234 were identified as ideal and stable through Eberhart and Russell model and were also confirmed by other stability models. It was concluded that Eberhart and Russell model can be reliably used for the identification of stable opium poppy genotypes over environments.

New Disease ReportsVolume 25, Issue 1 p. 9-9 ArticleOpen Access First report of Radish leaf curl virus infecting okra in India J. Kumar, Corresponding Author J. Kumar jitsingh27281@gmail.com National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. Kumar, A. Kumar School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS.P. Singh, S.P. Singh National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorJ.K. Roy, J.K. Roy National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. Lalit, A. Lalit Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorD. Parmar, D. Parmar Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN.C. Sharma, N.C. Sharma Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorR. Tuli, R. Tuli National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author J. Kumar, Corresponding Author J. Kumar jitsingh27281@gmail.com National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. Kumar, A. Kumar School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS.P. Singh, S.P. Singh National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorJ.K. Roy, J.K. Roy National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. Lalit, A. Lalit Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorD. Parmar, D. Parmar Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN.C. Sharma, N.C. Sharma Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorR. Tuli, R. Tuli National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2012 https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.025.009Citations: 9AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is one of the important vegetable crops of India cultivated in 452 hectares and yielding 4803 tonnes (Anonymous, 2010). In Bihar State, India, leaf curl disease on okra was observed in the field causing crop losses of about 30% in 2009 and 35% in 2010-11. Characteristic symptoms of this disease were leaf curling and overall stunting of plants that bore no fruit (Fig. 1A). To test for a begomovirus-infection, total DNA was extracted from symptom-bearing leaves of six infected plants (2 plants ' 3 fields). A PCR approach was used to amplify viral genomes (primers F1For/Rev and F2For/Rev; Kumar et al., 2011) or alpha- and betasatellites (primers 'nanofor'/'nanorev' and 01/04; Kumar et al., 2010). All samples yielded PCR-products for a begomovirus and associated satellites, which were cloned and sequenced. The sequence deposited in GenBank for the monopartite begomovirus (Accession No. HQ257375) showed 97% and 92% nucleotide identity to Radish leaf curl virus (RaLCV) depositions GU732203 and EF175733, respectively. The alphasatellite (Accession No. HQ728354) possessed 98% and 96% nucleotide identity to Cotton leaf curl Burewala alphasatellite (CLCuBwA) sequences HM004548 and FN658728, respectively. The betasatellite (Accession No. HQ257376) exhibited 96% and 94% nucleotide identity to Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh betasatellite (ToLCBDB) sequences GU732208 and EF190215, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the begomovirus genome revealed a close relationship with RaLCV,GU732203 and EF175733 but a distant relationship with other okra infecting begomoviruses in India, AF241479 and FJ176236 (Fig. 2A). Phylogenetic analysis of the alphasatellite showed close relationship with CLCuBwA (Fig. 2B) and the betasatellite with ToLCBDB (Fig. 2C). Figure 1Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Figure 2Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Rolling circle amplification (RCA) was performed (TempliPhi amplification kit; GE Healthcare, USA) to construct infectious clones. RCA products were partially digested with BamHI to obtain monomer and head-to-tail tandem repeat dimers of full-length begomoviral DNA. Monomers and dimers were cloned into the pCAMBIA1301 vector. Infectious head-to-tail tandem repeat clones of both satellites were prepared analogously. Sequencing of 30 begomoviral monomer clones confirmed the presence of identical viral DNAs. Healthy whiteflies (~25) were used for virus and satellite transmission from field-collected infected plants to healthy tobacco and okra. Infectivity testing was performed by inoculation of tobacco and okra (10 plants each) with a mixture of begomovirus and alpha- and betasatellite infectious clones. Plants of both assays yielded typical symptoms of leaf curling and stunting identical to those observed previously in the field. Thus RaLCV and its associated satellites were confirmed as the causal agent of okra leaf curl disease. However, the functional role of both satellites for symptom development remains to be determined. This is the first report providing the evidence for RaLCVinfecting okra in India. Acknowledgments Authors are grateful to the Executive Director, NABI for providing facilities. Thanks to Dr. A K Pandey for critical reading of the manuscript. References Anonymous, 2010. Okra production status by Indian Horticulture database, National Horticulture Board. [http://nhb.gov.in/area-pro/ch2.pdf]. Kumar J, Kumar A, Roy JK, Tuli R, Khan JA, 2010. Identification and molecular characterization of begomovirus and associated satellite DNA molecules infecting Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Virus Genes 41, 118– 125. [doi:10.1007/s11262-010-0482-7] Kumar A, Snehi SK, Raj SK, Kumar J, Khan JA, 2011. Association of Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus and its satellite molecules with leaf distortion symptoms of cotton in India. New Disease Reports 24, 18. [doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2011.024.018] Citing Literature Volume25, Issue1January 2012-June 2012Pages 9-9 FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation

A chromosomal survey using standard lymphocyte cultures employing different media and G-banding techniques was initiated in 1984. This study became particularly important following the tragic gaseous exposure of the population in Bhopal at midnight on 2 December 1984. We have been able to formulate a chromosomal profile for each person whom we have studied; during 1986–1988, 154 persons were examined twice. Among seemingly normal individuals, as many as 20% might possess some chromosomal abnormality; of these, 50% may develop, at a later date, some kind of pathological complication (such as tumours, recurrent abortion or transmission of defects to their offspring). The people exposed to methyl isocyanate have repeatedly shown Robertsonian translocations, mostly in acrocentric chromosomes 13 and 21. Other types of translocations have been studied among all exposed (53) and normal (101) persons; the involvement of chromosomes 5, 9, 11, 14 and 16 is statistically significant (P= <0.001). One of the major clinical symptoms is dyspnoea; we have estimated that almost all seriously dyspnoeic patients have developed at least two categories of chromosomal aberrations, one of which is Robertsonian translocation, in at least 10% metaphases. Our chromosomal survey will be of significance because we are able to identify people with chromosomal aberrations that might be correlated with future pathological consequences of the accident. The “chromosomal load” that can be sustained with an apparently normal phenotype can also be measured.