Human giardiasis is a common waterborne/foodborne parasitic disease worldwide, especially in developing countries. Prevalence and molecular identity of Giardia parasites are largely controversial. The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Giardia parasites and the genetic profile of circulating assemblage(s) in patients attended the outpatient clinic at Kafrelsheikh University hospital, Kafr El Sheikh Province, Egypt. A total of 318 patients, of different age and sex, referred to the clinic were subjected to fecal examination. Microscopic results revealed that 181/318 (56.9%) were positive for Giardia parasites. Multilocus genotyping by PCR/sequencing of beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes of representative number of positive samples (65) revealed that assemblages A, B and mixed infections (A + B) occurred in 26/65 (40.0%), 32/65 (49.2%) and 10.8% (7/65) of the analyzed isolates, respectively. MLGs analysis indicated that assemblage A sequences clustered in two novel types of AII sub-assemblage. In assemblage B sequences, BIII was the predominant (22/23, 95.7%) sub-assemblage compared to BIV (1/23, 4.3%). Collectively, assemblage B MLGs displayed greater levels of genetic diversity compared to assemblage A. Our data indicate that assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis circulate in humans at Kafr El Sheikh Province, Egypt, and that high genetic diversity exists at the assemblage and/or sub-assemblage levels.

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) represents ischemia‒reperfusion injury in the lung allograft, and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) may contribute to capillary leak. We tested whether pre-transplant LVEDP or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP) are related to PGD risk. We hypothesized that elevated LVEDP and mPCWP would increase PGD risk.We reviewed adult double lung transplant recipients at the University of Alberta Hospital from 2004 to 2016 with pre-transplant LVEDP measurements. The primary outcome was Grade 3 PGD at 48 to 72 hours post-transplant. We used regression analysis to assess the association between LVEDP and mPCWP with Grade 3 PGD risk, as well as agreement between these measurements.Three hundred thirty double lung transplant recipients were included in the study, and 63 (19%) developed Grade 3 PGD at 48 or 72 hours. Mean LVEDP was 16 ± 7 mm Hg in the Grade 3 PGD group and 12 ± 5 mm Hg in the non-PGD group (p < 0.0001). LVEDP >15 mm Hg was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.90 to 7.73, p < 0.0001), whereas mPCWP >15 mm Hg showed similar findings (adjusted OR 4.25 [1.83 to 9.86], p = 0.0008). Correlation and agreement between LVEDP and mPCWP were fair.Elevated pre-transplant LVEDP increases the risk of severe PGD after lung transplant, as does elevated mPCWP. These measurements appear to be complementary as markers of prospective PGD risk.

Major Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that is characterized by negative mood and reduced motivation, and frequently results in social withdrawal and memory-related deficits. Repeated stressors, such as adverse life events, increase the risk for development of the disorder. Consequently, individual variability in stress response greatly weighs on depression-vulnerability and -resilience. Here, we employed the social defeat-induced persistent stress (SDPS) paradigm to identify depression-prone individuals and to examine the temporal development of depression in the months following exposure to brief defeat stress. Male Wistar rats were socially defeated (5 defeat episodes) and single-housed for a prolonged period of time (~24 weeks). We assessed the emergence of a sustained depressive-like state by repeatedly evaluating social motivation (social approach avoidance) and spatial memory (object place recognition) in SDPS rats during the isolation period. Individual variability in the effects of SDPS yielded two extreme subpopulations: an SDPS-prone group that showed gradual affective and cognitive deterioration in terms of social approach and memory retention, and a SDPS-resilient group that did not develop this phenotype. Notably, in SDPS-prone individuals, the affective deficits preceded later cognitive impairments, providing a novel temporal profile of the development of pathology in this preclinical model of sustained depression.

This study is to understand the nature and functional significance of the activated cell death programs and rehabilitation signs during late vascular changes after brain injury. We used light and transmission electron microscopy to describe changes of cells within the vascular endothelium and tunica media of the cortical arteries four weeks after craniocerebral traumatism. Within tunica media of the posttraumatic damaged artery, apoptotic and paraptotic phenotypes were identified as well as some early ultrastructural signs of smooth muscle cells regeneration, these cell highlighting a remarkable degree of plasticity. Surprisingly, some endothelial cells showed an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum development, whereas other endothelial cells showed typical necrosis. In conclusion, two groups of suicidal cells - apoptotic and paraptotic cells - were encountered in the same lesional vascular wall after neurotrauma, showing also signs of cell regeneration. The pathophysiologic significance of the coexisting double cell death programs and cell regeneration seems to be in relation with late cell survival, after arterial damage when some cells disappear and other cells try to survive undergoing reversible injury.

Over the last 50 years several theories of capital structure have been formulated, their authors are mainly economists from Anglo- Saxon countries. Theories were extended to the whole world from these countries, where they were further elaborated, tested, simplified and adapted to correspondent with the particular context of national economies, industries and specific companies. The main problem associated with their practical application is that the validity of the various theories is not universal. These theories and their outcomes are valid only under certain conditions and with certain limitations. The conflict arises also between the outcomes and recommendations of the various theories that are often mutually exclusive. In this work we analyse the most famous theoretical model of the capital structure, the model of M.H. Miller and F. Modigliani.

A bstract : Distress and senescence, their reciprocal aggravating‐quickening connections, and their related pathologies have a large worldwide impact on healthcare systems in this new millennium. For this reason, Antagonic‐Stress® (AS)—an advanced integrative therapy, with specific synergistic composition, and patented internationally—represents a significant strategy in health, aging, and longevity. Clinical research with AS proves the drug's efficacy in the management of distress (neurotic, stress‐related, and affective disorders; behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors; mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance uses) and psychogeriatrics [organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (OMD)]. Specific multiaxial psychopathological instruments and psychometric tests in multiple assessments used for gerontopsychiatry demonstrated strong improvements after AS administration in early‐moderate stages of Alzheimer or vascular dementia, as well as in other OMD. In addition, comparative clinical studies evinced the superiority of AS (synergistic multitherapy) versus monotherapy [meclofenoxate (MF), piracetam (PA), pyritinol (PT), and nicergoline (NE), respectively]. These comparative clinical trials agreed closely with comparative preclinical research and confirmed AS synergistic homeostatic, adaptogenic, antioxidative, cerebrovascular, neurometabolic, and nootropic actions. Also, the AS protective actions against oxidative stress recommend this orthomolecular therapy in stress, aging, and free radical pathology.

Repetitive and cumulative distress (acute and/or chronic, psychic and/or biologic) and aging processes (impairment phenomena, agglomerated, and accumulated with the passing of life and senescence periods), as well as distress <==> aging reciprocal amplification-accelerating-aggravation relationships require strong and rational (etiopathogenic) therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the drug, Antagonic-Stress (AS)--a new integrative therapy, with specific synergistic formula, being patented worldwide--becomes an important solution in distress, senescence, and their related pathologies. In acute (contention) stress, AS treatment significantly decreased rat mortality, number and surface of stomach ulcerations, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) from blood. In chronic psychic stress, live nerve cells selectively isolated from rat cerebral cortex were highly protected by the administration of AS. In addition, antistress and antiaging homeostatic actions of AS were demonstrated in accelerated senescence (aging + distress) at multiple brain levels: on functional anabolism [increase in total ribonucleic acids (RNA), total proteins (TP), and water-soluble proteins (WSP)]; on functional catabolism [decrease in water-insoluble proteins (WIP)]; on structural anabolism (increased regeneration of free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Nissl bodies); on structural catabolism (lipofuscinolysis and ceroidolysis, neurono-glial transfer of lipopigment continuously processed and dissoluted, and finally capillary elimination). Preclinical research with AS demonstrated important regenerative processes in the key organs (liver, heart, and brain), which mostly suffer due to both distress and senescence.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 854, Issue 1 p. 477-477 Synergistic Multitherapy as a Rational Strategy in Aging: Multifactorial Process SORIN RIGA, SORIN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDAN RIGA, DAN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this author SORIN RIGA, SORIN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDAN RIGA, DAN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 February 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09926.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES 1 Popa, R., F. Schneider, G. Mihala, P. tef nig, I.G. Mihala, R.M. Tie & R. Mateescu. 1994. Antagonic-stress superiority versus meclofenoxate in gerontopsychiatry (Alzeimer type dementia). Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. Suppl. 4: 197–206. 2 Riga, S. & D. Riga. 1994. Antagonic-stress: A therapeutic composition for deceleration of aging. I. Brain lipofuscinolytic activity demonstrated by light and fluorescence microsopy. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. Suppl. 4: 217–226. 3 Riga, S. & D. Riga. 1994. Antagonic-stress: A therapeutic composition for deceleration of aging. II. Brain lipofuscinolytic activity demonstrated by electron microscopy. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. Suppl. 4: 227–234. 4 Predescu, V., D. Riga, S. Riga, J. Turlea, I.M. Bărbat & L. Botezat-Antonescu. 1994. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 717: 315–331. 5 Schneider, F., R. Popa, G. Mihalas, P. Stefanigă, I.G. Mihalas, R. Măties & R. Mateescu. 1994. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 717: 332–342. 6 Riga, S. & D. Riga. 1995. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 717: 535–550. Citing Literature Volume854, Issue1TOWARDS PROLONGATION OF THE HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: Practical Approaches to InterventionNovember 1998Pages 477-477 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 854, Issue 1 p. 495-495 Correlations between Lipofuscin Accumulation and Aging Neuropathology DAN RIGA, DAN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorSORIN RIGA, SORIN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this author DAN RIGA, DAN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorSORIN RIGA, SORIN RIGA Department of Psychiatric Research, “Gh. Marinescu” Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 10, Berceni Road, RO-75622 Bucharest 8, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 February 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09943.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume854, Issue1TOWARDS PROLONGATION OF THE HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: Practical Approaches to InterventionNovember 1998Pages 495-495 RelatedInformation

In both stress and aging, an etiopathogenic analysis demonstrates in the brain some common mechanisms and reciprocal accelerating relationships: hypoanabolism (decrease of RNA and protein synthesis), coupled with hypercatabolism (increase of oxidative stress-lipid peroxidation, with waste product accumulation: lipofuscinage pigment and water-insoluble proteins). For therapeutical intervention in these antihomeostatic processes, we successively (1972-1992) developed a neurometabolic antioxidative therapy--finally represented by a specific antistress and antiaging synergistic formula, Antagonic-Stress. Its homeostatic actions have been demonstrated in the stressed aging brains by reestablishing the anabolism/catabolism balance: anabolic regeneration by increasing total RNA, total proteins and water-soluble proteins, coupled with catabolic regulation by accelerated lipofuscinolysis and age pigment elimination (neuronal-->glial-->capillary route) and decreasing of water-insoluble proteins. Specific, synergistic, and superior actions of Antagonic-Stress multiple formula vs. antistress and antiaging monotherapy have been demonstrated by preclinical and clinical studies, confirming our results.

A complex antiaging formula--Antagonic-Stress--was investigated vs. placebo (PL), meclofenoxate (MF)--neurometabolic nootropic and vs. nicergoline (NE)--cerebral vasodilator by comparative multiple trials (double-blind, randomized, and parallel) in gerontopsychiatry (DSM-III-R, 1987 and ICD-10, 1992 criteria). AS vs. PL studies in organic mental disorders--amnestic, depressive, anxiety, associated with axis III physical disorders or conditions, and in multiinfarct dementia were followed by AS vs. MF or NE investigations in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type. A total of 343 old people, distributed in 4 PL groups, 1 MF group, 1 NE group, and 5 AS groups were studied. Multiple investigations, before and after three-month treatments were made: psychometric evaluation by Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric, Self-Assessment Scale-Geriatric and their 5 subscales; psychopathological rating by Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales; as well as psychometric testing by digit symbol of WAIS, Wechsler Memory Scale and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Except PL, prolonged and large dose treatments with these cerebral activators (MF, NE and especially AS) reduced the psychogeriatric-psychopathological scores and the deterioration index, and improved cognitive performance. The therapeutical effectiveness of AS multiple formula in gerontopsychiatry and its superiority vs. monotherapy (MF or NE) are discussed in connection with its complex neurometabolic and synergetic composition, multiple antioxidative combinations, free radical scavengers, lipofuscinolytic agents, the antiischemic action of antioxidants, multivitamin and multimineral supplementation, and with the better efficacy of multitherapy vs. monotherapy in geriatrics.

Electron microscopic morphology and distribution of brain lipofuscin and ceroid (LP) were studied after 8 weeks of daily treatment with Antagonic-Stress (AS), a new combination of various components with cerebroprotective and anti-aging properties. LP characteristics were investigated in selected brain areas of control adult (CA), control old (CO) and treated old (TO) groups of 30 male Wistar rats. Cellular and regional distributions of LP in the TO group were very different from those of the CO group and resembled that of the CA group. In addition, electron microscopic signs of dissolution of LP were constantly observed in the TO group. Neurons and glia cells of TO group displayed an intense replacement of damaged organelles, especially of mitochondria, with normal organelles, many of them in hyperfunctional stages. Neuronal, glial and capillary LP lysis occurred simultaneously with neuro-glial LP transfer and capillary LP elimination. Numerous microglia cells overloaded with processed LP were identified in the vicinity of the capillary areas. AS treatment of 8 weeks induces lysis of LP which may be useful for therapeutic purposes in various brain pathologies and in deceleration of brain aging in healthy elderly.

An investigation was made of the dynamics of lipofuscin with age and an 8 week treatment with centrophenoxine in certain selected regions from Wistar rat central nervous system.