Background:Facial disharmonies are caused mainly by aging and malocclusions. Hyaluronic acid has been positioned as the dermal filler of choice for volume restoration. This study aimed to assess the effects of hyaluronic acid lip injections on facial profile and their durability. Material and Methods:A before-and-after study was carried out on 32 patients receiving hyaluronic acid lip infiltrations. A follow-up was scheduled at one-month intervals for three months, and at six months, in which four angular and two linear measurements were evaluated to determine changes in facial profile. These measurements consisted of the angle formed by lines Ls-N and L-N-Po; the angle between lines Li-N and L-N-Po; the angle subtended by lines Ls-Sn and Sn-Col; and the angle constructed from lines Li-Sn and Sn-Col. Likewise, the distance between point Ls and line SL, and the distance between point Li and line SL. Additionally, they were evaluated stratigraphically according to age ( 30 or >30 years) and volume ( 0.7 or > 0.7 mL). Results:Statistically significant results were obtained. A decrease of 5.76±9.81°, p <0.01, was found for Angle(Ls-Sn/Sn-Col). Additionally, the Distance (Ls-SL) showed a decline of 1.27 ± 2.11 mm, p < 0.01. Concerning the results stratified by infiltrated volume, greater angular changes were observed for volume >0.7ml, as well as for age, an increase of 3.06±6.81°,p<0.05 was gained for Angle(Li-N/N-Po), as a decrease of 2.91±1.80 mm, p<0.05 was observed for Distance(Ls-SL) in patients >30. Conclusions:The data revealed variability in angular and linear measurements among visits, indicating that final, sustained changes translated into aesthetic improvements. However, these results may vary depending on the volume injected and the patient's age.

Objective Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis sometimes encompasses bone regeneration procedures performed in junction with implantoplasty. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate if titanium debris (Tid) produced by abrasion of dental implants may alter the cellular response, the osteogenic capacity and vascularization in a critical-size calvarial bone defect model in rabbit. It was also assessed if dexamethasone-doped polymeric nanoparticles, combined with calcium phosphate, may help to overcome these impairments. Methods Four critical bone defects were performed on six New Zealand-bred rabbit skulls. In each of the four bone defects, the following materials were placed: 1) unfilled (control), 2) calcium phosphate particles (CaP), 3) CaP and Tid, 4) CaP and Tid with dexamethasone-doped polymeric nanoparticles (Dex-NPs) loaded onto the CaP. After six weeks, animals were euthanized and both cellularity (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, M1 and M2 macrophages) and vasculature were characterized and quantified using toluidine-blue (TB)-stained sections. Results Bone defects treated with CaP attained the highest numbers of osteocytes and osteoblasts, and the lowest numbers of osteoclasts, among groups. In the presence of Tid, the bone defects treated with CaP showed the highest numbers of M1, and Dex-NPs reduced the number of M1 cells. The CaP+Tid group attained the highest M1/M2 ratio, but significantly lower than that attained in the unfilled group. Both CaP and CaP+Tid+Dex-NPs produced the highest number of blood vessels among groups. Conclusions Tid tended to increase the M1/M2 ratio, leading to a pro-inflammatory cellular profile. Dex-NPs with CaP prompted the M1/M2 ratio decrease in the presence of Tid. Hence, reducing Tid-induced inflammation and osteolysis and thus gaining both osteoconductivity and neovascularization within the bone defect. Clinical Significance The presence of Tid reduces osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and upregulated osteoclastogenesis. Incorporation of Dex-NPs in the graft material, at the bone defect, reverted the previous findings, favoring macrophages polarization into a regenerative profile, increasing the osteogenic potential and, consequently, refining the bone defect closure.

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is increasingly recognised as a biologically driven alternative to root canal treatment in teeth with deep caries and a vital pulp diagnosis. Resin-modified calcium silicate-based materials (RM-CSMs) were introduced to combine the bioactivity of traditional cements with improved handling and immediate light-curing, but their biological performance remains debated. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of VPT performed with RM-CSMs compared with conventional non-resin-modified calcium silicate-based materials (NRM-CSMs) Methods: PRISMA Guidelines were followed to carry out this systematic review. Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched up to October 2025 for randomised clinical trials evaluating indirect pulp capping, direct pulp capping, or pulpotomy. Nine trials met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed for TheraCal LC, the only RM-CSM with sufficient clinical evidence. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 Tool. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Results: Pooled results showed no significant differences in overall clinical–radiographic success between RM-CSMs and NRM-CSMs at 90 or 180 days. At 360 days, a trend favouring NRM-CSMs emerged, though not statistically significant. Dentine bridge formation at 360 days was significantly lower with TheraCal LC. Conclusions: Current RM-CSMs demonstrate comparable short-term success to conventional materials but still present biological limitations, particularly regarding long-term reparative outcomes. NRM-CSMs remain the preferred option when maximal bioactivity and predictable dentinogenesis are required

Background/Objectives: There is a lack of cohesion in integrating current knowledge on the genetic and environmental etiology of dental impaction. The primary aim of this article is to review the current literature to identify candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of dental impaction. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines to identify and organize the available body of evidence. Relevant literature was searched in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science, with the final search conducted on 03 January 2026. Eligibility criteria included case-control, cohort, cross-sectional observational, and case report studies in humans. Selected studies focused on syndromic and non-syndromic variants, inheritance patterns, and genetic analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists and AMSTAR 2. Results: Only 18 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most articles were case reports and retrospective observational studies, revealing a multifaceted genetic landscape underlying dental impaction, with mutations affecting transcription factors and signaling pathways critical for odontogenesis, particularly RUNX2, FGFR1, MSX1, PAX9, and AXIN2. Overall, the included studies showed moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: Current evidence does not clearly support specific genes as causal factors in dental impaction, but instead suggests a complex, likely polygenic susceptibility that modulates the anatomical threshold for tooth eruption. This review highlights RUNX2, FGFR1, MSX1, PAX9, and AXIN2, as well as emerging candidates involved in eruption and bone remodeling pathways. Future progress depends on standardized phenotyping, large replicated cohorts, and functional studies linking genetic variation to dental follicle-mediated eruptive remodeling.

Objective Trismus is a common and debilitating complication following head and neck cancer treatment, with significant consequences for quality of life, nutrition and oral function. Although several rehabilitation strategies have been proposed, their design and effectiveness remain poorly systematized. This review aimed to summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials on rehabilitation interventions for treatment-induced trismus in HNC.Data sources A scoping review was performed using PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE, covering publications up to May 2025.Review methods We included randomized controlled trials in English or Spanish evaluating any rehabilitation intervention in adults with trismus following HNC treatment. One author conducted the search, and two authors independently screened articles for inclusion.Results From 2215 records identified, 25 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Twelve investigated preventions during or shortly after cancer treatment, while 13 addressed established trismus. Most interventions were based on exercise therapy, delivered in hospitals, private clinics or at home. Only a minority incorporated manual therapy or physical agents. Devices such as TheraBite or JawTrainer were evaluated in several studies. While most trials reported improvements in maximal mouth opening, few assessed condition-specific patient-reported outcomes. Rehabilitation interventions were predominantly implemented by physiotherapists.Conclusion Exercise therapy, often combined with devices, is the most frequently studied approach for treatment-induced trismus. Evidence for manual therapy and physical modalities remains limited. Considerable heterogeneity across studies hinders comparison and replication, underlining the need for standardized protocols and outcomes in future trials.

Introduction: Generally, after an oral oncological therapeutic process in which, unfortunately, surgery plays a fundamental role, a reconstructive and rehabilitative procedure should be initiated, seeking as far as possible to recover the patient’s vital functions (mastication, aesthetics, and phonetics). Case report: We present the case of a patient who successfully underwent treatment for mandibular sarcoma. After a disease-free period of one year, following oncological treatment, an intervention was performed for the insertion of dental implants into the fibula to subsequently rehabilitate the patient prosthetically. There were several challenges, including free-end edentulous space in the lower jaw with a depth of 18 mm on peri-implant tissues consisting of osteoseptocutaneous skin graft, hypotonic perioral musculature, and high aesthetic expectations of the patient. An overdenture with a titanium milled bar substructure with retentive prosthetic components was chosen for treatment. This implant-supported removable prosthesis was selected to facilitate cleaning, since the patient did not maintain oral hygiene habits. The patient was educated on using and handling the prosthesis, and the treatment objectives were achieved (to restore aesthetics and masticatory function). Conclusions: Removable prostheses are a valid alternative for oncologic patients and patients with unfavorable conditions for more complex implant-supported rehabilitation.

Background and objectives: Trismus is a frequent and debilitating complication in people with head and neck cancer (HNC) which leads to significant functional limitations and reduced quality of life. Rehabilitation interventions are commonly recommended to manage or prevent trismus. However, in many randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the theoretical justification for these interventions is poorly articulated, and the underlying biological or physiological mechanisms are not described in detail, limiting our understanding of why certain treatments may (or may not) work. This review aimed to identify and analyze how RCTs report the rationale for rehabilitation interventions and the explanations used to manage this population. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five databases (PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE) were searched up to May 2025 for RCTs evaluating rehabilitation interventions for the management or prevention of treatment-induced trismus in patients with HNC. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively, focusing on the type of intervention, the rationale for its use, and the proposed mechanisms of action. Results: Of 2215 records identified, 24 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies focused on preventive interventions—primarily exercise therapy—while the remainder addressed established trismus using exercise, manual therapy, electrotherapy, or combined treatment modalities. The rationales provided for intervention selection were heterogeneous and often lacked depth, with most studies justifying interventions based on their potential to improve mouth opening or reduce fibrosis but rarely grounding these claims in detailed pathophysiological models. Only half of the studies provided any mechanistic explanation for the intervention’s effects, and these were typically generic or speculative. Conclusions: RCTs investigating rehabilitation interventions for treatment-induced trismus in patients with HNC frequently lack comprehensive rationales and mechanistic explanations for their interventions. This gap limits the ability to refine and optimize treatment approaches, as the underlying processes driving clinical improvements remain poorly understood. Future research should be guided by theoretical models and include objective outcomes to better elucidate the mechanisms of action of interventions to inform clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE:Implantoplasty is sometimes performed to eliminate the contaminated titanium surface of peri-implantitis affected implants. Bone regeneration treatments are performed in conjuction with implantoplasty. The aim of this study was to evaluate if produced titanium debris alter the bone-regeneration potential and if dexamethasone-doped polymeric nanoparticles, combined with calcium phosphate, may help to overcome this situation. METHODS:Four critical bone defects were performed on six New Zealand-bred rabbit skulls. In each of the four bone defects, the following biomaterials were placed: 1) unfilled (control), 2) calcium phosphate granules (CaP), 3) titanium debris (Tid) and CaP, 4) dexamethasone-doped polymeric nanoparticles (DexNPs) doped onto CaP and Tid. After six weeks, animals were euthanized and the bone architecture was evaluated radiographically with micro computed tomography through BoneJ pluging and ImageJ script, and histologically after Von Kossa staining. RESULTS:Bone defects filled with CaP plus Tid showed lower defect closure than those filled with CaP. The presence of DexNPs restored the defect closure values, being similar to those of the CaP group. Bone filling area and bone area fraction attained the highest values in the presence of DexNPs. Aligned new bone islands were formed and grew up around the CaP granules, infiltrating its porous structure. In the CaP+Tid group a lower bone ingrowth was formed. When applying DexNPs, bone bridging processes were located surrounding the CaP biomaterial. SIGNIFICANCE:The presence of Tid reduces the bone healing and DexNPs doped on CaP produced an increase in the osteogenic potential, improving the bone defect closure.

Biomechanical bite analysis is essential for understanding occlusal forces and their distribution, especially in the design and validation of dental prostheses. Although the finite element method (FEM) has been widely used to evaluate these forces, the existing models often lack accuracy due to simplified geometries and limited material properties. Methods: A detailed finite element model was developed using Abaqus Standard 2023 software (Dassault Systemes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France), incorporating scanned 3D geometries of mandibular and maxillary bones. The model included cortical and cancellous bones (Young’s modulus: 5.5 GPa and 13.7 GPa, respectively) and was adjusted to simulate bite forces of 220.7 N based on experimental data. Occlusal forces were evaluated using flexible connectors that replicate molar-to-molar interactions, and the stress state was analyzed in the maxillary and mandibular bones. Results: The FEM model consisted of 1.68 million elements, with mesh sizes of 1–1.5 mm in critical areas. Bite forces on the molars were consistent with clinical trials: first molar (59.3 N), second molar (34.4 N), and third molar (16.7 N). The results showed that the maximum principal stresses in the maxillary bones did not exceed ±5 MPa, validating the robustness of the model for biomechanical predictions. Conclusion: The developed model provides an accurate and validated framework for analyzing the distribution of occlusal forces in intact dentures. This approach allows the evaluation of complex prosthetic configurations and their biomechanical impact, optimizing future designs to reduce clinical complications and improve long-term outcomes. The integration of high-resolution FEM models with clinical data establishes a solid foundation for the development of predictive tools in restorative dentistry.

The design of dental implants has undergone minor modifications over the years to reduce possible future complications that may arise from implant rehabilitation. One critical element from a clinical point of view is the implant connection. Given this, the team of authors of the present study decided to biomechanically analyze the effect of implant connection obtained in a possible implant fracture through a systematic review of the published literature. To this end, a search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Only finite element studies carried out in vitro and simulation studies were included, discarding clinical studies and related reviews. A total of 19 studies were obtained for analysis and complete study. The conical type is the connection design that demonstrates the best biomechanical behavior. However, there was also significant heterogeneity in the design of the studies, which translates into a substantial source of bias, as well as different types of specific designs within the conical connection. In conclusion, it was established that the design of the connection seems to play a fundamental role in the fatigue resistance of the implant when subjected to load. However, more studies are needed to determine the most optimal specific design.

Objective: This study aimed to compare two protocols for immediate implants with fixed provisional restoration, no grafting (trimodal approach = TA) versus grafting in both the osseous gap and peri-implant mucosa (a trimodal approach with modification of the bony and mucosal compartments = TAOM), by measuring soft tissue changes over time. The periodontal phenotype was noted to investigate the relationship between its thickness and the clinical outcomes. Methods: Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria (15 in the TA group and 16 in the TAOM group). The TA group was a historical control group. Measurements were taken using a digital caliper at T0 and 3, 6, and 12 months following the procedure (T3), (T6), and (T12), respectively, from reference points marked in a dental-supported stent. The periodontal phenotype was determined using an analogical caliper. Results: T12: Vertical midfacial change was −0.17 ± 0.37 in the TAOM group and 0.54 ± 0.33 in the TA group, respectively. Statistical significance (p = 0.0001) was found. Papilla vertical change in the TAOM group was −0.16 ± 0.45 mesially and 0.00 ± 0.44 distally. In the TA group, it was 0.55 ± 0.82 mesially and 0.86 ± 0.95 distally. Statistical significance (p = 0.0001) was also found. Conclusions: There were differences in soft tissue change between the two groups, and changes were related to the periodontal phenotype. Studies with more extended follow-up periods are needed to assess the long-term evolution of both protocols.

Biopolymer-based dermal fillers have gained attention in facial aesthetics due to their biocompatibility, gel-forming properties, and capacity to stimulate tissue regeneration. However, evidence regarding their clinical performance remains scattered and inconsistent. This systematic review evaluates the current scientific literature on the effectiveness and safety of injectable biopolymers used in facial aesthetic procedures. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for studies published between 2016 and 2024. Only human studies in English assessing clinical efficacy, safety, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were included. Of the 280 articles initially identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies showed improvements in facial volume and wrinkle reduction with gel-based biopolymers such as poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Most studies reported high patient satisfaction and a low incidence of serious adverse effects. However, methodological heterogeneity and limited long-term data reduced the strength of the evidence. While injectable biopolymers appear to be effective and generally safe, current evidence is limited and variable. Further multicenter randomized trials with standardized protocols and longer follow-up periods are needed. Clinicians should apply these materials with caution, ensuring individualized treatment planning and careful risk assessment.

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a higher prevalence of periodontal disease, which can lead to implant loss. This study aims to identify genetic markers associated with implant loss in these patients, providing insight into potential predictive and therapeutic approaches. Methods: A systematic analysis was conducted, including both clinical and genetic data from Down syndrome patients with a history of dental implants. Genetic profiling was performed using Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC version 4.0 Applied BiosystemsTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), focusing on genes previously implicated in periodontal disease and bone metabolism. Statistical analysis identified correlations between genetic variants and implant survival rates. Results: The analysis revealed statistically significant alterations in several genes related to inflammation and bone remodeling. Key findings included alterations in the expression of the genes MMP15, MMP17, S100B, GHR, DNAH6, and ZCCHC14 in patients with implant failure. These genetic markers were strongly correlated with compromised osseointegration and implant loss. These findings underline the role of genetic predisposition in the failure of dental implants among individuals with Down syndrome. Conclusions: Genetic markers, particularly those involved in inflammation and bone metabolism, play a critical role in implant loss among Down syndrome patients with periodontal disease. Recognizing these markers can aid in early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies, potentially improving implant success rates.

Background: Dental anomalies represent frequent findings in orthodontics and pediatric dentistry, often leading to functional and esthetic problems. Although their etiology is multifactorial, the role of genetic factors is increasingly recognised. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and identify associative patterns that may suggest a shared genetic origin. Study Design: This observational, cross-sectional retrospective study analysed panoramic radiographs from patients attending 2 orthodontic and one pediatric dentistry practices. Inclusion criteria excluded cases with prior tooth loss due to trauma, caries, or extractions, syndromes, systemic diseases, or craniofacial malformations. Descriptive statistics were combined with hierarchical cluster analysis and inferential tests to identify associations between anomalies with 95% confidence intervals (IC). A p value of<.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Records were obtained corresponding to 1,904 patients with a mean age of 10.69 ±5.06 años. Dental anomalies were found in 35.5% of patients, with hypodontia of upper lateral incisors (9.3%) and palatal impaction of upper canines (9.2%) being the most frequent. Multiple anomalies occurred in 10.4% of patients. Five associative patterns were identified, with the strongest link observed between upper lateral incisor hypodontia and palatal impaction of upper canines (p < .001). Conclusions: This large-scale study provides new insights into the co-occurrence of dental anomalies, supporting the hypothesis of common genetic factors. The identified patterns may facilitate early detection and risk prediction in orthodontic planning. Clinical Relevance: Identifying associative patterns of dental anomalies through cluster analysis enables early detection of related conditions, such as predicting canine impaction from lateral incisor hypodontia, improving orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and preventive strategies in pediatric and orthodontic patients.

Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease influenced by immune and genetic factors. Certain genetic and immunological disorders, such as Down syndrome (DS), Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency type I (LAD-I), and Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), are associated with early-onset and severe periodontitis. Understanding their molecular and immunological mechanisms is crucial for advancing personalized therapeutic approaches. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines to compare inflammatory gene expression profiles in patients with periodontitis associated with genetic or immune-mediated disorders and those without systemic conditions. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published between 2010 and June 2025. Eligible studies reporting cytokine profiles or inflammatory gene expression were included and analyzed. Results: Six case-control studies met the inclusion criteria: three on DS, two on LAD-I, and one on PLS. DS patients showed increased serum levels of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma, with dysregulation of STAT1, STAT3, and SOCS3. LAD-I was characterized by overexpression of IL-17A, IL-6, IL-23, G-CSF, CXCL2, and CXCL5, indicating IL-17-driven inflammation and excessive neutrophil activation. In PLS, cathepsin C deficiency impaired activation of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, leading to compromised host defense and accelerated tissue breakdown. Conclusions: Patients with periodontitis linked to genetic or immune-mediated disorders exhibit distinct inflammatory gene expression signatures that enhance disease susceptibility and progression. Identifying these immunoinflammatory pathways may guide precision periodontal therapies, although larger, standardized studies are required to validate these findings.

Background:Cheiloscopy, as a method of forensic identification, maintains its currency in legal and forensic dentistry. The increase in aesthetic lip filler treatments could influence lip prints. This aspect has not yet been studied to the research team's knowledge. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the possible modification of lip imprints after hyaluronic acid infiltration for volume augmentation in this location. Material and Methods:A descriptive, non-experimental study was carried out in patients with lip augmentation using hyaluronic acid infiltration (32 patients). Pre-infiltration data were collected (age, sex, lip traces, and lip characteristics), and data on the infiltration performed (volume used, points, and infiltration technique). During five visits, the evolution of the lip print and lip characteristics was monitored six months after the initial infiltration. Results:Applying the Suzuki and Tsushihashi classification, 92.9% of the cases studied showed differences concerning the preoperative situation. Conclusions:From the data of the present study, we can affirm that, without generating critical changes, lip hyaluronic acid infiltration modifies some characteristics of the lip print, which should be known and considered when using cheyloscopy as a forensic identification tool. Key words:Lip prints, Hyaluronic acid, Cheiloscopy, Forensic identification, Semi-permanent in-filtration, Volume enhancement.

Background: Different approaches are proposed for bone volume gain in the case of atrophic alveolar ridges, with guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) being the most used techniques. These techniques require the placement of barrier membranes, which is the main element of the bone growth strategy, among which there is a wide range depending on their origin or degradation. This literature review aims to provide an update on the latest advances in polymeric membranes of synthetic origin currently used in bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: Two bibliographic searches were carried out in the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases using a search strategy in which inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results: For the selection of articles, the PRISMA guide flow chart was followed, and after a selection process, 11 articles were analyzed based on the characteristics of the marketed membranes and the results obtained after their use. Conclusions: It can be concluded that polymeric membranes play a fundamental role in guided bone regeneration, providing an effective barrier that facilitates bone growth and improves the success of dental implantology treatments.

Background:Periodontal disease is a multifactorial pathology whose treatment protocol is becoming increasingly standardized, relying, among others, on adjuvant therapies. This study aims to determine the efficacy of a new chlorhexidine compound compared with the gold standard 0.12% chlorhexidine during periodontal maintenance of a patient with periodontitis grade I or II after scaling and root planing treatment. Material and Methods:A parallel, randomized, double-blind clinical trial with two arms: (A) treatment with 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash; (B) treatment with new chlorhexidine mouthwash containing O-Cymen-5-Ol. The patient was examined: (D0) initial examination, (D7) clinical examination one week after treatment, (D14) clinical examination two weeks after treatment and (D28) clinical examination three weeks after treatment. They are collecting the following data: Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BoP), pocket depth (PS), and attachment loss (CAL). Results:After a follow-up of 43 patients, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups at any of the times or for any of the parameters evaluated, meeting the predefined criteria of non-inferiority. Conclusions:The new chlorhexidine mouthwash proved to be non-inferior to 0.12% chlorhexidine in terms of efficacy during short-term periodontal maintenance after scaling and root planing.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pain and inflammatory response in soft tissues using healing and prosthetic abutments of different diameters and lengths. Methods: The study population was rehabilitated with Astra Tech EV single implants (Dentsply Sirona, Atlantis, Dentsply Sirona S.A., Barcelona, Spain) of 4.2 and 4.8 millimetres in diameter in the upper and lower maxilla and loaded with custom abutments digitally designed using Dentsply Sirona’s Virtual Atlantis Design software (Atlantis WebOrder, Dentsply Sirona S.A., Barcelona, Spain), version 4.6.5. The custom abutments had a larger diameter than the healing abutments to evaluate for biomarkers through ELISA. Results: Rehabilitations in the mandible and with healing abutments with diameters less than 4.29 mm and rehabilitators with diameters less than 2.18 mm elicited a higher pain and inflammatory response and, in turn, higher interleukin-1β values. Conclusions: Greater inflammation was evident in cases in which healing abutments with reduced diameter were used compared to the same subsequent rehabilitation with prosthetic abutments with larger diameters.