This study was carried out to determine the persistency and safety of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and wettable powder (WP) formulations of Tephrosia vogelii and Piper aduncum (1:5) against natural enemies and broccoli leaves (phytotoxic effects) as well as to assess their effectiveness against Crocidolomia pavonana in field. EC and WP formulations were safe to parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus and did not cause any phytotoxic effects on broccoli leaves. Persistency of EC and WP formulations were lower than bio-insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and sythetic pesticide with active ingredient deltametrin. The mortality of C. pavonana treated with EC and WP formulations reached 100%, while BT and deltametrin only reached 73.33% and 88.33% respectively, at the first day treatment. The effectiveness of extracts were declined sharply at one day after treatment indicating low persistence of formulation. In field, EC and WP formulations suppressed the population of C. pavonana more than 80% compared to control. Both formulations showed better activity compared to synthetic insecticide deltametrin.

ABSTRAKHelopeltis antonii merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman kakao,teh, dan jambu mete yang menyerang pucuk dan buah dengan menusukkanstiletnya untuk mengisap cairan sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan.Penelitian bertujuan menguji toksisitas ekstrak buah Piper retrofractum(cabai jawa) terhadap imago, pengaruh konsentrasi subletal terhadap nimfaketurunan, persistensi terhadap mortalitas dan oviposisi H. antonii.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan ToksikologiSerangga, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman,Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi, mulai Mei2013 sampai April 2014. Buah mentimun digunakan sebagai inangpengganti untuk perbanyakan serangga uji H. antonii di laboratorium danmedia pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kematian imago H.antonii, akibat perlakuan ekstrak P. retrofractum 0,05-0,3%, sudah terjadipada 24 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP). Sementara itu, pada 24 dan 48 JSPterjadi penurunan tingkat kematian H. antonii. Setelah 48 JSP, hanyaterjadi sedikit peningkatan kematian H. antonii. LC 50 dan LC 95 ekstrak P.retrofractum pada 120 JSP masing-masing 0,20 dan 0,49%. Jumlah nimfaketurunan yang dihasilkan pada perlakuan subletal ekstrak P. retrofractum0,203% (LC 50 ) lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 0,141%(LC 25 ). Ekstrak P. retrofractum yang dipajankan di bawah sinar mataharihingga 5 hari masih efektif terhadap imago (mortalitas 80%), tetapi tidakefektif dalam menghambat peletakan telur H. antonii. Penghambatanpeletakan telur terhadap imago H. antonii pada perlakuan ekstrak P.retrofractum 0,98% (2 × LC 95 ) yang dipajankan di bawah sinar matahariselama 0 dan 1 hari, dengan indeks penghambatan oviposisi 22,7 dan23,8%. Keefektifan ekstrak P. retrofractum perlu diuji di lapangan untukmenilai kelayakan dalam pengendalian H. antonii.Kata kunci: insektisida botani, mortalitas, oviposisi, persistensiABSTRACTHelopeltis antonii is cocoa, tea, and cashew nuts important pest thatcauses damage by sucking plant sap from shoots and nuts. This study wasconducted to test toxicity of Piper retrofractum fruit extract on adults,sublethal effect on the production nymphal progeny, and persistenceagainst mortality and oviposition of H. antonii. This study was conductedat The Fisiology and Insect Toxicology Laboratory, Plant ProtectionDepartement, Bogor Agricultural University and The Plant ProtectionLaboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institutefrom Mey 2013 to April 2014. Cucumber was used as a host substitute forrearing the test insect and as the testing medium. The results show thatadult mortality, due to the P. retrofractum leaf extract treatment 0.05-0.3%, has occured at 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Meanwhile, H.antonii mortality has decreased on 24 and 48 HAT. After 48 HAT, only aslight increased in H. antonii mortality. LC 50 and LC 95 of P. retrofractumextract at 120 HAT were 0.20 and 0.49%, respectively. The treatment atsublethal concentrations (LC 25 and LC 50 ) markedly decreased nymphalprogeny number. P. retrofractum extract suspensions at LC 95 and 2 × LC 95exposed under sunlight for 5 days were still effective against H. antoniiadults (80% mortality), but were not effective in females inhibitingoviposition. The oviposition inhibiting activity was observed only in thetreatment with P. retrofractum extract at 2 × LC 95 exposed under sunlightfor 0 and 1 day in which the oviposition deterrency indices were 22.7 and23.8% respectively. Key words: botanical insecticides, mortality, oviposition, persistence

The research was conducted at Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Toxicology of Plant Protection Department of Bogor Agricultural University from May to July 2008. Leaves, twigs, barks, and roots of Eurycoma longifolia (Pasak bumi) were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvens. The extraction was used single method and level method. Insecticidal activity of each extract has been examined in laboratory to major cabbage pests Crocidolomia pavonana using leaf residual method. Methanol root extract from single method and level method caused 100 and 75.5% mortality of insect test respectively. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves, twigs, and barks have low insecticidal activity. The antifeedant effect worked at insect test and varied depends on concentration level. Antifeedant effect also contributed to mortality of larvae along with toxicity of each extract.

Plant extracts have been known to cause physiological and biochemical interferences against insect, such as feeding inhibitor, food assimilation, and changes on activity of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450. This study was carried out to examine the effect of the extracts mixture of Tephrosia vogeliiand : Piper aduncum (1 : 5) on the physiology of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) as well as extract of P. aduncum on biochemical of C. pavonana. The study showed that larvae of C. pavonana was experiencing a feeding inhibition until 94.82% after treated with extracts mixture on concentration 0.06% or equivalent to LC95. However, larvae treated with extracts mixture on LC25 and LC50 only experienced a relative growth disorders as a result of intrinsic toxicity of extracts mixture which enters into the body of insects. Insect adaptation to toxic plant compounds indicated by an increase in the digestibility of larvae approximately 11.11%. Furthermore, detoxification mechanism by larvae against active compounds of P. aduncum occured and shown by an increase of oxidative enzyme activity of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450, in in vivo and in vitro compared to control. This study provides an information about mode of action of extracts mixture of T. vogelii and P. aduncum (1 : 5) on larvae of C. pavonana and detoxification mechanism by larvae due to extract of P. aduncum

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different kinds of mulches, botanical and synthetic insecticides and repellent crop on the fruit fly infestation to chili variety ‘Keriting 09’ and its yield at a farmer field at Katulampa, Bogor, Indonesia. The study was arranged as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was replicated three times. Observation was done from 4 until 12 weeks after planting (WAP). Observation variables were the level of fruit fly attack and chili yield. Fruit fly attack and chili yield data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% significance level. The results show that the use of straw and plastic mulches did not significantly affect the fruit fly attack. However, the use of straw mulch could increase chili yield. Application of Annona squamosa and Piper retrofractum extract mixture, Cymbopogon nardus extract, spinosad (Tracer 120 SC), and imidacloprid (Confidor 5 WP) did not significantly affect the fruit fly attack, but could reduce chili yield loss compared with the control. A trap crop (SP Hot 77 chili variety) and repellent crop (citronella grass, C. nardus ) could decrease fruit fly attack on the main crop (Keriting 09 chili variety). The fruit fly traps with attractant also caught two species of fruit flies, i.e. Bactrocera (B.) dorsalis complex and B. (B.) umbrosa. In conclusion, the use of trap crop, repellent crop, and traps with attractant has the potential for fruit flies management. In the future, we can design the best composition of chili and other plants for a better yield and sustainable agriculture.

This study was conducted to evaluate the potency of Brucea javanica (melur) for controlling two species ofcrucifer pests, i.e. Crocidolomia pavonana and Plutella xylostella. Melur fruits, twigs, and leaves were extracteddirectly with methanol or sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The most active extract was thenfractionated by preparative layer chromatography using hexane, mixtures of ethyl acetate and methanol, andmethanol as eluents. The most active fraction was formulated as EC (emulsifiable concentrate) and WP (wettablepowder) formulations, and tested for their toxicity and antifeedant effect against C. pavonana and P. xylostellalarvae. The results showed that methanol extract of melur fruits was more active than that of twigs and leaves.Fractionation of methanol extract of melur fruits yielded an active fraction which was eluted with ethyl acetate-methanol 9:1. EC and WP formulations of melur fruits were active against C. pavonana larvae with LC50 of 0.39%and 0.21%, respectively. The same formulations were also active against P. xylostella larvae with LC50 of 0.31% and0.54%, respectively. In no-choice tests, the antifeedant effect of the EC formulation on C. pavonana larvae (feedinginhibition [FI]: 70.9%-97.5%) was higher than on P. xylostella larvae (FI: 52.2%-83.9%), but the antifeedant effect ofthe WP formulation on the two species was relatively the same. In a choice test, the EC formulation at LC 85completely inhibited feeding by C. pavonana larvae (FI: 100%).

A field efficacy trial of two botanical insecticide formulations was conducted on cabbage crops in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia to assess the effectiveness of these formulations in reducing two major cabbage insect pest populations. The efficacy of two botanical insecticide formulations, mixtures of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) and Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) (RS) extracts and Aglaia odorata (Meliaceae) and A. squamosa (OS) extracts at 0.05% and 0.1% was compared to a synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin at 0.04% and a microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis at 0.15%. The application of both RS and OS formulations decreased the population of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and the treatments of RS and OS at 0.1% was more effective than deltamethrin, a synthetic insecticide. The application of RS and OS did not affect the performance of insect pest natural enemies. These botanical formulations can be used in the integrated pest management of cabbage.

A field application of two botanical insecticide formulations was conducted on cabbage crops in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia to assess the effectiveness of these formulations in reducing two major cabbage insect pest populations. The efficacy of two botanical insecticide formulations, mixtures of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) and Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) (RS) extracts and Aglaia odorata (Meliaceae) and A. squamosa (OS) extracts at 0.05% and 0.1% was compared to a synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin at 0.04% and a microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis at 0.15%. The application of both RS and OS formulations decreased the population of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and the treatments of RS and OS at 0.1% was more effective than synthetic insecticide. The application of RS and OS did not affect the performance of insect pest natural enemies.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological response of the cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana treated with an active fraction of Calophyllum soulattri bark extract. Extraction of the test plant materials were performed with maceration method using methanol, continued by counter-current distribution separation in ethylacetate and water. Methanol fractionation of C. soulattri was performed by vaccuum liquid chromatography and the bioassays were conducted by a leaf-feeding method. The results showed that the dichloromethane fraction of C. soulattri had strong insecticidal activity against C. pavonana larvae, with LC50 of 0.05%. Sublethal treatments with the active fraction at LC15, LC50, and LC85 reduced the relative growth rate of the fourth instars by 48.9-94.1%. The treatments with the fraction at LC15 and LC50 to the fourth instars reduced the activity of invertase and protease enzyme by 20.7-24.1 and 14.4-25.14%, respectively, but increased the activity of trehalase by 26.7-120% as compared with controls.

Rojolele is one of Indonesian local variety from Javanica group that susceptible to yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Previous study showed that Rojolele can be cultured and regenerated in vitro. Two cry genes, cryIB-cryIAa were fused and introduced into rice cv. Rojolele in an attempt to improve resistance and to obtain durable resistance rice against the yellow stem borer. Two-week old embryogenic calli of Rojolele rice were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbored with binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, 1303, or 1304 carrying cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene, hygromycin resistant gene (hpt), and -glucuronidase (gus) gene interrupted with an intron. The transformed calli were selected gradually on medium containing hygromycin (50, 100 mg/l) and regenerated on medium containing 0.5 mg/l IAA and 0.3 mg/l BAP. GUS activity in infected calli was detected by histochemical assay 3 days after inoculation. The highest (100%) transformation efficiency were obtained from calli transformed with pCAMBIA 1303 and 1304. Thirty four out of 77 transformed shoots were tested positive for the cryIB-cryIAa gene using PCR analysis. These shoots were grown in the soil to maturity and to collect the seeds. PCR analysis of the T1 progeny revealed that two out of six lines tested showed a Mendelian segregation pattern. These two lines were also potentially resistant to yellow stem borer based on bioassay in planta. Key words: cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene, yellow stem borer

Serangan serangga di gudang dapat 1menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas komoditi yang disimpan. Strategi pengendalian yang sering dilakukan adalah fumigasi dan penyemprotan permukaan melalui penggunaan metil bromida dan insektisida sintetik. Metil bromida selain berbahaya bagi pengguna juga dapat merusak lapisan ozon, sementara insektisida sintetik juga berbahaya bagi pengguna dan menimbulkan efek residu dan resistensi serangga. Untuk itu diperlukan pencarian teknologi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dalam pengelolaan hama gudang melalui pemanfaatan ekstrak tumbuhan dan upaya pembuatan produk komersial yang murah, praktis dan aman.