This work presents a novel flexible imprinted membrane-made surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for selective detection of microcystins-LR (MC-LR) in water. Silver nanocubes decorated with titanium dioxide (Ag NCs@TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are dispersed on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane as the SERS substrate. The PDMS exhibits excellent optical properties, ensuring the detection accuracy. A photo-initiated polymerization process is employed to maintain the molecular integrity of MC-LR while improving the resistance of the SERS substrates to air-induced oxidation. By optimizing the reaction condition, optimal SERS imprinted membrane is applied to selective detection of practical samples. The characterization results indicate that the Ag NCs@TiO2 molecular imprinted membranes (ATP-MIMs) present accurate detection property to the MC-LR molecules from complex solution. Rapid detection within around 1 min is achieved by the as-prepared flexible molecularly imprinted SERS sensor. The limit of detection of MC-LR is 0.0313 μg·L−1 and the ATP-MIMs exhibit a high stability of more than 86.6 % after 28 days. It clearly exhibits from results that ATP-MIMs hold significant potential applications to trace MC-LR detection and provide a novel approach to the water quality monitoring.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted considerable attention in photocatalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for organic pollutant degradation owing to its metal-free nature, structural stability, and visible-light response. However, conventional bulk g-C3N4 still suffers from a low specific surface area, limited active sites, and severe recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, which restrict its photocatalytic activity and PMS activation efficiency. In this work, a series of tubular g-C3N4 photocatalysts (TCN) were prepared using melamine as the precursor via a concentrated sulfuric acid-assisted hydrothermal treatment followed by thermal polymerization. The results showed that an appropriate amount of concentrated sulfuric acid could regulate the precursor condensation process, promote the formation of a tubular porous structure, and improve the local chemical environment and photoelectrochemical properties of the obtained materials. Among the prepared samples, TCN-3 exhibited the best photocatalytic PMS activation performance, achieving nearly complete degradation of RhB within 15 min under simulated sunlight irradiation, with an apparent reaction rate constant of 0.42477 min−1, approximately 15.3 times higher than that of pristine MCN. Structural and photoelectrochemical characterizations revealed that TCN-3 possessed a larger specific surface area, a narrower band gap, suppressed recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and enhanced interfacial charge transfer ability. Reactive species trapping experiments and ESR analysis demonstrated that 1O2 and •O2− were the dominant reactive species responsible for RhB degradation in the TCN-3/Light/PMS system, while h+, •SO4−, and •OH also participated in the reaction process. In addition, the system maintained good degradation performance over a wide pH range (3–9), exhibited satisfactory tolerance toward most coexisting anions, and showed good cycling stability. This work provides a useful strategy for constructing efficient metal-free g-C3N4-based photocatalysts and developing photocatalytic PMS activation systems for advanced oxidation processes.

This work presents a novel dual-mode sensing platform based on a hydrogen-bonded organic framework/covalent organic framework heterojunction (Namely HOF/COF) for tannic acid (TA) detection. The platform ingeniously integrates the fluorescence recognition capability of HOF with the photoresponsive nanozyme activity of COF. The HOF component introduces abundant hydrogen-bonding sites, enabling specific TA recognition and modulating fluorescence signal through synergistic mechanisms of dynamic quenching, photoinduced electron transfer (PET), and inner-filter effect (IFE). The COF component provides a stable porous framework and exhibits both photoresponsive oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities, facilitating colorimetric detection. The formation of heterojunction induces significant interfacial synergy, which enhances both detection sensitivity and selectivity. The dual-mode output of fluorescence and colorimetry allows for mutual signal validation, thereby significantly improving the reliability of the assay. The developed sensor demonstrates good performance in the detection of TA in real Rosa roxburghii, teas, and environmental water samples, with good agreement to HPLC method.

This study reports the construction of a g-C₃N₄/ZnTiO₃/BiOI ternary heterojunction photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of organic dyes. The optimized g-C₃N₄/ZnTiO₃/BiOI composite with a mass ratio of 1:1:2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity toward Rhodamine B (RhB), achieving nearly complete degradation within 40min at pH 11, with an apparent rate constant of 0.05114min⁻¹. The composite also showed photocatalytic degradation ability toward methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), as well as satisfactory performance in different real water matrices, demonstrating its broader applicability. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the successful formation of the ternary composite, while BET results indicated that the retained mesoporous structure facilitated reactant diffusion and interfacial mass transfer. UV–vis DRS revealed an extended light absorption range beyond 600nm, and photoelectrochemical measurements demonstrated reduced charge-transfer resistance and enhanced separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. Radical trapping and EPR analyses identified ¹O₂ and •OH as the dominant reactive species. After five cycles, the RhB degradation efficiency remained above 90%, indicating good stability. Combined with Mott–Schottky measurements, XPS analysis, work-function calculations, Bader charge analysis, and differential charge density results, a ZnTiO₃-mediated dual S-scheme charge-transfer mechanism was proposed. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing efficient ternary heterojunction photocatalysts for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), characterized by high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, and excellent stability, provide an ideal platform for developing high-performance ratiometric fluorescence sensors. By measuring the intensity ratio of two emission signals, these sensors offer built-in self-calibration, overcoming the limitations of single-signal probes affected by environmental interference, and thus improving sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability in detecting trace analytes in complex samples. This review systematically outlines construction strategies for dual-emission COF-based ratiometric sensors, such as intrinsic backbone dual-emission, doping-induced dual-emission, and hybrid/heterostructure-induced dual-emission. For each approach, advantages, limitations, and development directions are discussed. Key structural factors (e.g. topology, π–π stacking, donor–acceptor motifs, pore environment, and crystallinity) and their roles in integrating luminescent units are discussed to explain how they collectively influence dual-emission performance and stability. Common construction challenges and corresponding mitigation strategies are also summarized to enhance sensor reliability and efficiency. The review further elaborates on relevant sensing mechanisms, including excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), as well as summarizes the interrelationships of construction strategy-response mode-sensing mechanism. Performance advantages and recent applications in environmental monitoring, food safety, and biomedical analysis are highlighted. Despite their promise, practical use of these sensors still faces challenges in signal controllability and environmental adaptability. Based on current limitations, this review suggests future directions: precise control and mechanistic study of dual-emission behavior, enhancing signal reliability in real samples and enabling device integration, and data-driven material design for performance optimization. Through collaborative advances, dual-emission COF-based sensors are expected to evolve into versatile detection platforms for environmental, clinical, and food safety applications, promoting the practical adoption of next-generation sensing technologies.

The hypoxic microenvironment within breast cancer tumors leads to the sustained activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), notably HIF-1α, which, in turn, triggers adaptive responses such as angiogenesis and metabolic reprogramming. These processes contribute to tumor invasion, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Although a substantial portion of the human genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have been shown to play key regulatory roles in the development and progression of breast cancer, the interplay between HIFs and ncRNAs—and how such crosstalk influences breast cancer pathogenesis—remains poorly understood. This review aims to systematically outline the mechanisms of hypoxia-related signaling and ncRNA function in breast cancer, with a focus on their molecular interactions in disease progression and their potential clinical implications.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a global health burden with high mortality and a substantial risk of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), underscoring the need for frequent renal function monitoring. Creatinine, the gold-standard endogenous biomarker for renal function, is limited by conventional assays that require complex sample pretreatment processes, precluding real-time point-of-care testing (POCT). Herein, a colorimetric microneedle (MN) platform was constructed using polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-picric acid (PVA-CSPA) system for minimally invasive, visual POCT of creatinine in interstitial fluid (ISF). The MNs leverage hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between PVA/CS and creatinine for efficient enrichment, followed by a Jaffe reaction between PA and creatinine to generate a colorimetric signal. This design integrates sampling, enrichment, and detection into a single device, with quantitative analysis enabled by a self-developed RGB program. The MNs demonstrated a robust linear response to creatinine (R2 = 0.9910). In AKI mice, ISF sampling via MNs yielded Delta R values of 18-19 at mouse abdomen, back, and head (corresponding to creatinine concentrations of 90.0-98.3 mu g & sdot;mL-1). Concurrently, the Delta R values for plasma and urine from AKI mice were 27 and 24, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of semi-quantitative creatinine detection in these sample matrices. Notably, normal mice showed significantly lower Delta R values (ISF: 1, plasma: 7, urine: 20), enabling clear diagnosis of physiological states. The PVA-CS-PA MN platform, integrated with smartphone-based RGB analysis, offers a minimally invasive and user-friendly POCT tool for creatinine monitoring with potential for diagnosis and management of AKI and CKD.

The development of integrated technologies capable of simultaneously detecting and degrading pollutants symbolizes a transformational breakthrough in next-generation water treatment strategy, and overcomes the limitations of traditional single-function systems for monitoring and remediation. This study proposes an innovative sodium percarbonate (SPC)/alpha-MnO2/light strategy to establish a dual-functional platform capable of both photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection and advanced oxidation process (AOP) degradation, aiming to achieve precise detection and efficient removal of doxorubicin (DOX). The system strategically adjusts light sources (ultraviolet for detection, visible light for degradation), not only achieves high-sensitivity real-time detection (limit of detection: 0.40 ng center dot mL- 1, 10x lower than conventional methods) but also significantly improves degradation efficiency (37 %-38 % improvement over unitary components), resolving crucial limitation of traditional single-function technologies. The portable PEC platform integrates an alpha-MnO2-modified electrode, SPC-enhanced system, a portable electrochemical workstation and smartphone-based analytical software, which enables rapid on-site quantitative analysis of DOX. Meanwhile, SPC/alpha-MnO2/light system can synergistically generate multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) including center dot OH, center dot O2- , 1O2 and center dot CO3- , achieve nearly complete mineralization of DOX and generate low-toxicity or even non-toxic byproducts. Mechanistic study reveals that oxygen vacancies and Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ redox cycle in alpha-MnO2 (alpha-MN) jointly serve as core reaction centers, and synergistically interacts with H2O2/CO32- derived from SPC, not only driving efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers in alpha-MN but also promoting the sustained generation of reactive free radicals. Notably, the system demonstrates excellent salt tolerance and broad pH adaptability in various actual water sources (tap, pond, and river water). Further, achieving 100 % removal of DOX (30 mg center dot L- 1) within 30 min under natural sunlight validates its practicality for solar-driven degradation. This work pioneers a "One-for-Two" strategy, which establishing a novel "detect-to-treat" environmental governance paradigm that provides a sustainable, scalable solution for addressing water pollution.

Novel carbon dots (CDs-1) were synthesized using Sanguisorba officinalis L., as a precursor and a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as both solvent and dopant. For comparison, CDs-2 were prepared under identical conditions but using water as solvent. Chemical analyses reveal that two CDs possess well-defined crystalline structures and are rich in diverse functional groups. Notably, DES-mediated synthesis endows CDs-1 with advantageous features compared to CDs-2, including higher N and Cl contents, enhanced hydrophilicity, and superior optical properties. To evaluate their potential biomedical applications, antioxidant capacities of them were investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays. Results demonstrated that both CDs exhibit potent free radical scavenging activity, strong KMnO4 reduction capability, and notable anti-cellular oxidative damage effects. Importantly, CDs-1 show superior performance in enhancing oxidative stress resistance at nematode level. Furthermore, owing to the exceptional optical characteristics, CDs-1 hold great promise for bioimaging applications and sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP).

This study introduces a highly crystalline yellow fluorescent covalent organic framework, COF-W, and its electrospun nanofiber membrane, COF-W-PP, for the simultaneous detection and adsorption of amphotericin B (AMB). COF-W was synthesized through Schiff-base condensation between 3,6-diaminocarbazole (DAC) and 2,5dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde (DMTP), forming a D-it-A structure that exhibits fluorescence via intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Its porous framework and imine bonds enable specific AMB capture through hydrogen bonding and it-it interactions, which disrupts the ICT balance and results in fluorescence quenching and color changes, which is establishing a dual-mode fluorescence/colorimetric detection platform. The electrospun COFW-PP membrane, fabricated by incorporating COF-W into a PVP/PVDF polymer matrix on the non-fluorescence filter paper, enhances material stability and usability. COF-W demonstrates high selectivity for AMB, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 & micro;M and a maximum adsorption capacity of 379.98 mg & sdot;g- 1. In real water and plasma samples, detection recoveries range from 79.38% to 114.39%, and adsorption efficiency exceeds 91%. COF-W-PP membrane shows a clear colorimetric response: color gradation intensifies with increasing AMB concentration, enabling rapid on-site detection when paired with smartphone analysis software. Mechanism studies indicate that recognition and quenching are synergistically driven by multiple hydrogen bonds, static quenching, photoinduced electron transfer (PET), and inner filter effect (IFE). Furthermore, COF-W displays good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, supporting its potential use in biological samples and in vivo analysis.

The persistent presence of refractory organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems remains a global challenge, owing to their structural stability, bioaccumulation potential, and the toxicity of their transformation products. To address this issue, a hierarchical multilevel synergistic system (denoted as the ZP system) is constructed based on simple single-component ZnS coupled with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the efficient degradation of direct black G (DBG). This system integrates three synergistic mechanisms: piezoelectricity-photocatalysis-defect engineering synergy, catalyst-PMS activation synergy, and adsorption-degradation synergy. The cooperative process involves: (i) synergistic separation of photogenerated charges through the piezo-photocatalytic effect and sulfur vacancies (VS) in ZnS; (ii) amplification via a ZnS-VS-PMS interaction, where continuous electron consumption establishes a self-sustaining "excitation-depletion-re-excitation" cycle; and (iii) an adsorption-degradation cycle that enriches pollutants near active sites and regenerates adsorption sites during degradation. ZP system maintains high removal efficiency (>85 %) over a broad pH range (2-8). Moreover, ZP system achieves complete DBG removal within 20 min in various real water matrices (pond, tap, and river water) under the Xenon lamp irradiation, and exhibits a great application potential under natural sunlight and simulated flowing water. Compared with the original DBG, the toxicity of degradation products was significantly reduced, with the cell viability of 96.8 %. Radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy identify h+, center dot SO4- , center dot OH, and center dot O-2- as the dominant reactive species. Moreover, the ZP system exhibits excellent biocompatibility with negligible hemolysis, underscoring its environmental friendliness. This work highlights the promise of a simple singlematerial-based multilevel synergy as a scalable, cost-effective, and adaptable strategy for sustainable water purification.

A MXene-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MXMIP) composite was developed for the enrichment and detection of puerarin and its metabolites in complex biological samples. As an ideal substrate material, MXene can make the recognition sites within the MIP matrix more easily exposed compared to conventional MIP. Through the operation of the "dual screening" mechanism, MXMIP combines interaction enhancement with molecular recognition, significantly enhancing the adsorption capacity and efficiency of this material. The successful synthesis of the composite was confirmed by comprehensive characterization of structure and properties. MXMIP achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.70 mg∙g-1, higher than conventional MIP (2.24 mg∙g-1) and MXene alone (1.74 mg∙g-1). The adsorption capacity of MXMIP was 1.65 times that of conventional MIP and 2.12 times that of MXene. In selective adsorption experiments, MXMIP shows excellent specificity toward puerarin, with selectivity factors ranging from 1.33 to 10.4 relative to structural analogs, and achieved an imprinting factor of 6.46. The hydrogen bonding interactions between MXMIP and puerarin were confirmed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory simulations. MXMIP was successfully applied to enrich and detect puerarin and its metabolites in biological samples. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the mass charge ratios of MXMIP adsorbed samples were 415.09, 447.13, 253.05 and 255.23, respectively, corresponding to puerarin and its metabolites (dihydroxypuerarin, daidzein and dihydrodaidzein). This study provides a new approach for synthesizing highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers that effectively address the problem of binding site interception.

The synthesis of imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) typically necessitates the use of toxic organic solvents and catalysts. Furthermore, optimizing solvent and catalyst types for creating imine-linked COFs with varied pore structures is often complex and labor-intensive, posing significant challenges to green chemical synthesis. In response, we have developed a green, environmentally-friendly, universal strategy for synthesizing imine-linked COFs using betaine-HFIP-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) without exploiting an exogenous catalyst. This method diverges from traditional acid-catalyzed solvothermal synthesis, as the dynamic hydrogen bonding network catalyzed by betaine-HFIP-based DESs prevents the reversible hydrolysis of the imine intermediate. Employing this strategy, we have successfully synthesized well-crystallized homopore and heteropore imine-linked COFs in various shapes, confirming the method's general applicability. Notably, COF-3 demonstrates exceptional polarity-dependent fluorescence color change properties and have been developed into a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for monitoring H2O-organic solvent mixtures with high precision. Additionally, the RGB functions are analyzed, leading to the creation of a WeChat applet named "SWMU-AI" for rapid and accurate H2O or organic solvent fraction prediction. Finally, the diverse fluorescence color variations of COF-3 were investigated for their potential in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption applications.

Hydrazone-linked fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high crystallinity exhibit remarkable stability under acid-base conditions and in various organic solvents, maintaining structural integrity for cyclic utilization in sensing and adsorption processes. Consequently, developing new high-crystallinity hydrazonelinked fluorescent COFs is of significant importance. Notably, post-modification can enhance the detection diversity, selectivity, and adsorption performance of these COFs. Herein, a new hydrazone-linked fluorescent COF (namely COF-YYL) with high crystallinity was synthesized using 2,5-bis(allyloxy)terephthalohydrazide (DHzDAll) and 4,4 ',4 ''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzaldehyde (TTB) as precursors at room temperature. COF-YYL demonstrated superior characteristics including a high specific surface area (653.33 m2 center dot g- 1), good chemical and thermal stability, and dual-functionality in detecting methyl orange (MO) and Cu2+ with limits of detection (LODs) of 33 nM (2.1 ng center dot mL-1) and 1 ng center dot mL-1, respectively, and an MO adsorption capacity of 112.81 mg center dot g- 1. To increase functional diversity, COF-YYL underwent post-modification via "click" chemistry between the double bonds on DHzDAll and -SH on 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (MPS), yielding COFSO3Na. Compared with COF-YYL, COF-SO3Na exhibited a higher specific surface area (815.23 m2 center dot g-1), better dispersion performance, and richer functional group properties. Leveraging these advantages, COF-SO3Na served as a dual-function platform for detecting and adsorbing four cationic dyes including brilliant green (BG), crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG), and methylene blue (MB), with satisfactory LODs (170 ng center dot mL- 1) and good adsorption capacities ranging from 98.94 to 162.87 mg center dot g-1. Further, COF-YYL and COF-SO3Na were used to analyze related analytes in tap water samples, achieving satisfactory recoveries. This study introduces a new high-crystallinity hydrazone-linked fluorescent COF, along with its sulfonated material, increasing the diversity of detection and adsorption platforms.

Glucocorticoids possess extensive and potent pharmacological effects, but their misuse and overuse are widespread concerns. Consequently, the environmental pollution and health hazards associated with their excessive usage cannot be overlooked. There is an urgent need for enhanced removal and a thorough understanding of the environmental and safety risks arising from the overconsumption of these drugs. In this study, a novel F, Nenriched covalent organic framework (designated as TAPT-COF) with high crystallinity was synthesized. TAPTCOF features numerous active sites, including F-F interaction and hydrogen bond interaction sites, along with a high specific surface area and good thermal stability. These characteristics enable TAPT-COF to serve as an advanced adsorbent for dispersed solid-phase extraction (D-SPE) of glucocorticoids such as fluocinonide acetate, budesonide, and dexamethasone, with adsorption capacities ranging from 146.77 to 228.90 mg & sdot;g-1 . Notably, TAPT-COF exhibits exceptional protein exclusion efficiency, achieving exclusion rates exceeding 95 %. Due to these advantages, TAPT-COF based D-SPE demonstrates strong applicability in the analysis of complex practical samples, including water and plasma, with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 76.48 % to 112.76 %. Compared to a COF (TPB-COF) that lacks a triazine group, TAPT-COF exhibits superior adsorption performance for target glucocorticoids. This is attributed to its ability to provide enhanced electrostatic interactions, as well as the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding and F-F interactions. Additionally, TAPT-COF displays a low hemolytic activity, indicating its potential for in vivo analysis.

Nitroanilines (NAs) and nitrophenols (NPs), crucial industrial raw materials, are extensively utilized across various sectors. However, the environmental pollution and health hazards stemming from their usage are significant, necessitating urgent monitoring and removal to address environmental and safety concerns. The challenge is further compounded by the presence of NAs/NPs isomers, making the selective analysis of specific isomers crucial. In response, a new post-modified fluorescent covalent organic framework (COF) termed COF@CB, exhibiting dual-emission fluorescence, was synthesized. This synthesis involved coupling a high- crystallinity fluorescent COF (COF-TTDB) with carbazole-9-ethanol (CB) via a "Williamson" reaction. COF@CB featured exceptional dual-emission fluorescence, a high specific surface area (919.4 m2 & sdot;g-1), superior thermal stability, and abundant active sites. These attributes enabled COF@CB to function as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor capable of simultaneous detection and adsorption. The distinct number and arrangement of hydrogen bond sites in NAs/NPs isomers influenced the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effects on COF@CB, thereby enabling the COF@CB-ratiometric fluorescence sensor to distinguish and selectively detect p-NA/p-NP from isomers. Analysis of actual water samples further underscored the sensor's effectiveness in detecting p-NA/ p-NP. Furthermore, the presence of multiple active sites on the COF@CB-ratiometric fluorescence sensor facilitated the adsorption of NAs/NPs, promoting the removal of them from actual samples.

The radioactive iodine as highly harmful fission waste from nuclear power production features fifteen-million years radiation period and easy diffusion, yet its efficient treatment and sensing is greatly challenged by the operation concentration as low as several ppm in gaseous and aqueous medium. A (3,12)-connected and [Pb-6(mu(4)-O)(2)(COO)(8)] based MOFs of [Pb-6(mu(4)-O)(2)(pia)(4)]center dot 4DMF (1) was rationally constructed as a multifunctional materials for iodine capture and sensing, which possesses the highest void fraction of 34.4 % among all known cluster based Pb-MOFs. Microwave-assistant solvothermal reaction facilitates gram-scale synthesis of 1 with yield of 82 % within 4 h. The 1D round channels sized at 1.0 nm coupled with high structure stability of the MOFs contribute to accommodate iodine. 1 can rapidly capture iodine vapor at 70 degrees C in 6 h with fully utilized nanopores, resulting in a high iodine packing density of 3.52 g cm(-3) closely matching that of iodine single crystal. Particularly, the MOFs of 1 exhibits long-lasting adsorption to iodine vapor at extremely low concentration of 120 ppm, as well as efficient capture of I-2 in 1.0 x 10(-4) M aqueous solution with removal percentages of 67.1 % in only 20 min, driven by synergistic host-guest interactions. The MOFs is further discovered as a single-phase white-emitting phosphor with quite broad fluorescence spectrum covering the entire visible region, benefited from the multiple Pb center dot center dot center dot Pb interactions and change-transfer between the metal and ligand. White light emitting diodes can be created by coating commercial blue LEDs with phosphor 1, generating pure white chromaticity coordinates of (0.313, 0.338), a near daylight color temperature of 6420 K, a high color rendering index of 85 and light maintenance up to 120 degrees C. The migration of iodine into the channels of 1 led to obvious fluorescence quenching. As the combined result, 1 presents a rare and instructive multifunctional MOFs that exhibiting efficient capture to low-concentration iodine in gaseous/aqueous condition and fluorescent detection to iodine.

Diclofenac potassium (DCF-K) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with enhanced therapeutic effects mediated by its bioactive metabolites, particularly 4'-hydroxydiclofenac (4'-OH-DCF) and 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DCF). However, the accurate detection of DCF-K and its metabolites in complex biological matrices remains challenging due to trace concentrations and matrix interference. To address this challenge, a chitosan-bentonite molecularly imprinted polymer (CB-MIP) was developed using a dual-role strategy, where chitosan-bentonite (CB) serves as both substrate and functional monomer, combined with a hierarchical functional monomer system (acrylamide as an auxiliary monomer) to enhance binding affinity and selectivity for the specific capture of DCF-K and its metabolites. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of CB-MIP, revealing improved stability, hydrophilicity, and a mesoporous structure. CB-MIP exhibited good adsorption capacity for DCF-K (17.2× higher than CB), with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics indicating monolayer chemisorption. Selectivity studies demonstrated good recognition capability for DCF-K, achieving a selectivity factor up to 77.3 against structural analogs and co-administered drugs. Furthermore, cluster analysis revealed the CB-MIP sensitivity to DCF-K concentration variations as low as 0.3 μg·mL-1 in complex matrices. Mechanistic studies identified electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions as the primary binding forces, validated by electrostatic potential simulations, hydrogen-bond modeling, and spectroscopic analyses. Practical application in mouse plasma and liver samples confirmed efficient enrichment and detection of DCF-K and metabolites (4'-OH-DCF, 5-OH-DCF, diclofenac acyl glucuronide) using CB-MIP coupled with HPLC/UPLC-MS/MS, achieving high sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.231 μg·mL-1 in liver) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation: 1.22 %-5.81 %). This work establishes CB-MIP as a robust pretreatment material for targeted drug/metabolite analysis in complex biological systems.