The first prototype of the short orbit corrector for the upgrade of the LHC has been fabricated at CIEMAT, in collaboration with CERN, in the framework of the HL-LHC project. It consists of two nested dipoles, with an aperture of 150 mm and physical length of 1.5 m. A first power test was performed without the outer dipole coils, which were replaced by a support structure to align the iron yoke with the collared inner dipole. This test was aimed to validate the coil fabrication techniques, which are innovative for a NbTi Rutherford cable. In the power test of the full assembled magnet, individual training of both dipoles was fine to ultimate current. However, the magnet was not able to reach nominal torque in combined operation. Several power tests and re-assemblies were necessary to be able to power both dipoles till nominal current. This paper describes the test results and analysis of the measurements. The magnet is heavily instrumented with voltage taps, collars with strain gauges and bullet gauges at the axial pushers.
MCBXF magnets are nested orbit correctors, needed for the upgrade of the large hadron collider (LHC), in the framework of the high luminosity (HL) LHC project. There are two versions with different physical lengths, 1.5 and 2.5 m, which share the same cross section to decrease fabrication costs. These magnets have a large aperture of 150 mm and due to the high radiation dose, a mechanical clamping is necessary to hold the large torque between both dipoles. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT is developing the short MCBXFB prototype in collaboration with CERN. This paper describes the engineering design of the magnet, which is based on previous magnetic and mechanical calculations. The axial pre-stress on the coil ends is analyzed in detail. Some innovative techniques have been developed for the coil fabrication because of the high number of turns and large aperture.
The high luminosity upgrade will enhance the discovery potential of the LHC in the next decade. Among other magnets and technologies currently under development, the MCBXF orbit correctors will be required to this end. In order to save space, they consist in two perpendicularly and coaxially arranged dipole coils under a large torque. Coils cannot be glued due to the high radiation dose expected, and mechanical clamping is mandatory. With the goal of turning the conceptual design into a tangible reality, this paper depicts the final magnetic design, with special attention to 3-D electromagnetic calculations and the different operation scenarios. It also includes more accurate mechanical FE models results, achieved by measuring the Young's modulus of impregnated cable stacks. Besides assembly spring-back, cool-down, and energization, simulations have been also carried out for the pressing process of both dipoles, analysing stress distribution, and displacements. Finally, a short mechanical model has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Its main purpose is to assess the feasibility of the proposed clamping structure, the reliability of the FE mechanical models and the design of an important part of the tooling required for the magnet fabrication.
A superconducting magnet able to provide the required field of 4 T has been developed for a compact cyclotron to produce radioisotopes for medical imaging, in the framework of the AMIT project. It consists of two coils in Helmholtz configuration, embedded in a stainless steel casing to hold the Lorentz forces. The cooling scheme is based on a low pressure forced internal flow of two-phase liquid-vapour helium through a narrow channel machined in that casing. This paper reports on the cooling tests and the preliminary magnetic measurements of the magnet. Regarding cooling tests, liquidHelium froma Dewar has been used first to train the magnet and to estimate the thermal losses. Later, refrigeration will be accomplished from a stand-alone cryogenic supply system that would allow a user-friendly operation of the cyclotron, without external supply of cryogens. Regarding magnetic measurements, a custom magnetic measurement bench developed in collaboration with ALBA/CELLS, has been used to map the magnetic field and first results are presented and discussed in this paper.
Versatile computational tools with up to date capabilities are needed to assess current nuclear fuel cycles or the transition from the current status of the fuel cycle to the more advanced and sustainable ones. This work is intended to cross check the new capabilities of the fuel cycle scenario code TR_EVOL. This process has been divided in two stages. The first stage is dedicated to check the improvements in the nuclear fuel mass balance estimation using the available data for the Spanish nuclear fuel cycle. The second stage has been focused in verifying the validity of the TR_EVOL economic module, comparing results to data published by the ARCAS EU project. A specific analysis was required to evaluate the back-end cost. Data published by the waste management responsible institutions was used for the validation of the methodology. Results were highly satisfactory for both stages. In particular, the economic assessment provides a difference smaller than 3% regarding results published by the ARCAS project (NRG estimations). Furthermore, concerning the back-end cost, results are highly acceptable (7% difference for a final disposal in a once-through scenario and around 11% for a final disposal in a reprocessing strategy) given the significant uncertainties involved in design concepts and related unit costs.