The mechanistic pathway by which the hazardous diazo transfer reagent methanesulfonyl azide can be formed in situ, from methanesulfonyl chloride and aqueous sodium azide, has been investigated using real-time reaction monitoring by FlowNMR. In the presence of triethylamine, rapid generation of methanesufonyl azide is observed, via a mechanistic pathway consistent with involvement of a sulfene or methanesulfonyl triethylammonium intermediate. Accordingly, it is possible to generate and use methanesulfonyl azide in a single synthetic step for a diazo transfer process.

The influence of dairy cow feeding regime was investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Two different NMR analytical systems were deployed: high field 1H NMR to investigate the influence on milk metabolomics and low field NMR to characterise proton relaxation linked to changes in the state of mozzarella cheese moisture during ripening. The metabolomics results showed that grass-based feeding increased the concentration of a biological marker that signifies near-organic milk production conditions. On the other hand, the investigation of cheese moisture distribution showed that grass-based diets reached final moisture partitioning in a shorter time, which implied the formation of a more compact protein structure in the cheese matrix. These results indicate that pasture-based dairying may be differentiated in terms of the provenance of milk produced along with the accrual of additional benefits during ripening of the resulting mozzarella cheeses.

A systematic investigation of the influence of substitution at positions C-2 and C-3 on the azulenone skeleton, based on NMR characterisation, is discussed with particular focus on the impact of the steric and electronic characteristics of substituents on the position of the norcaradiene-cycloheptatriene (NCD-CHT) equilibrium. Variable temperature (VT) NMR studies, undertaken to enable the resolution of signals for the equilibrating valence tautomers revealed, in addition, interesting shifts in the equilibrium.

In this paper we describe the implementation of a spread spectrum based cooperative relaying on an FPGA platform. We focus on a network comprising one source, one or more relays, and one destination. Once the source's message is received by the relays, the relays simultaneously transmit the information to the destination. In order to avoid interference between the various relay transmissions, each relay node spreads its information using a unique spreading code chosen from a set of sequences with good cross-correlation and autocorrelation properties. These properties allow separation of the signals in the presence of frequency and timing offsets between the various transmissions. This platform is tested through an audio application using a commercially available RF front end. The platform not only enables testing of cooperative communications, but also other related concepts relying on software-defined radio such as Cognitive Radio.

The prevalent use of unmanned vehicles in military and civilian applications requires the existence of robust and high throughput communication with airborne platforms. Real channel measurements are conducted and the analysis supports the use of MIMO communications for such applications due to its potential throughput advantage. Unique challenges and the ways to address them are described in detail. In particular, the lack of scattering and the blockage of line of sight may lead to rank deficient channel matrices, which are exacerbated due to the absence of channel state information at the transmitter. A variable rate MIMO scheme is proposed to overcome these challenges in order to realize the promising throughput gain afforded by MIMO communication.

ChemInformVolume 42, Issue 48 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: Selective β-Oxidation of α-Sulfanyl Amides. Marie Kissane, Marie Kissane Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorMaureen Murphy, Maureen Murphy Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorLorraine M. Bateman, Lorraine M. Bateman Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorDaniel G. McCarthy, Daniel G. McCarthy Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorAnita R. Maguire, Anita R. Maguire Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this author Marie Kissane, Marie Kissane Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorMaureen Murphy, Maureen Murphy Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorLorraine M. Bateman, Lorraine M. Bateman Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorDaniel G. McCarthy, Daniel G. McCarthy Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this authorAnita R. Maguire, Anita R. Maguire Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll. Cork, Cork, Ire.Search for more papers by this author First published: 03 November 2011 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201148032Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume42, Issue48November 29, 2011 RelatedInformation

A selective β-oxidation of a series of α-sulfanyl amides to the corresponding β-oxo-α-sulfanyl amides is described. This selective efficient oxidation of an unfunctionalised methyl or methylene group occurs under mild conditions, involving three sequential transformations conducted without isolation of the intermediates. Critically neither the sulfur nor the reactive α-CH bond is affected in the overall process.

Objectives: We examined the role of C-fms+ cells in response to vascular injury with a focus on the temporal and spatial platelet interactions, monocyte survival and proliferation within the evolving neointimal lesion and monocyte proliferation within the circulation and specified monocyte reservoir sites. Finally, we investigated the therapeutic effect of C-fms kinase inhibition (CFKI) on neointimal hyperplasia post vessel injury.Methods and results: We utilized murine carotid-wire injury, a transgenic C-fms reporting mouse model, confocal microscopy, shear-flow studies, specific C-fms signalling inhibition to determine the activation, mobilization and recruitment of C-fms+ monocytes in the context of early and late vessel remodelling. C-fms+ cells were recruited as early as 4 h and accumulated over time in the neointima following injury. Monocyte interaction with platelet thrombus under flow and in vivo, in addition to monocyte mobilisation into the circulation post-injury was impaired by CFKI administration. Sustained inhibition of C-fms over 1-2 weeks abrogated the neointimal response but preserved re-endothelialisation post-injury.Conclusion: These data establish C-fms as a key regulator of the vascular response to injury and a potentially attractive therapeutic target in disease states where neointimal hyperplasia, monocyte activation and pathologic remodelling are prominent and endothelial homeostasis is desirable. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

We study the performance of cooperative relaying using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in the presence of frequency offsets due to Doppler shifts and oscillator instabilities. Through this study, several aspects of transmitter and receiver design, including channel coding, subcarrier mapping and channel estimation are brought to light. We develop two linear front-end receiver architectures based on practical single-user OFDM receivers, and demonstrate the performance using simulations under quasi-static multipath fading channel conditions.

Until the end of May, 2004 looked like a below normal year for tornado activity. Suddenly, things changed. Following frequent tornado days in June, records were set in August and September as six tropical systems produced just over 300 tornadoes over the east central and southeast United States—a level unprecedented in 54 years of tornado data. This activity led to a record number of tornadoes reported in 2004 for a preliminary count of 1,722, eclipsing the previous mark of 1,424 tornadoes in 1998.

Primary malignant tumours of the spleen are very rare, and sarcomas have rarely been described in the spleen. Here, we discuss an unusual case of primary histiocytoma of the spleen in a young woman.

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJoseph T. SchaeferDANIEL McCARTHY is the warning coordination meteorologist at the NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma. JOSEPH T. SCHAEFER is director of the NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center.

One of Stan Changnon’s abiding interests is the frequency and pattern of large hail occurrence. Stan started publishing papers in AMS journals on the occurrence of large hail in 1966. After that initial effort, Stan has published 27 papers in AMS journals alone. When other journals, such as those of the AGU, Conference Preprints, and Technical Reports are added, Stan has an amazing record of doing productive research about a single phenomenon. The 1966 paper (Changnon, 1966) was “Note on Recording Hail Incidences.” In it, Stan showed how weighing-bucket rain gauges with their evaporation funnels removed could be used to record hail occurrence. Since that initial paper, Changnon has devoted considerable effort to finding segregate data sources for hail observations. A summary discussion of techniques he developed to use insurance loss data to infer hail characteristics appears in Changnon (1999). The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) has taken a more traditional approach to exploring the pattern and frequency of large hail. The SPC maintains a database of reported severe thunderstorm events over the contiguous United States (Schaefer and Edwards, 1999). Information on “severe hail,” i.e., hail of 190 mm (3⁄4 inch) diameter or greater, is available back through 1955. Since 1972, there has been a concerted effort to maintain agreement between the SPC data and the entries in the NCDC publication Storm Data. Prior to that, data were obtained from real time reports collected by the U.S. Air Force. It should be noted that the wind and hail data for the transition year, 1972, are incomplete. Each hail record contains the time, latitude, longitude, diameter, county, and the number of fatalities and injuries caused by each event. For storms that occurred before 1996, the property damage is simply listed as a logarithmic category that ranges from “0" (< $50) to “9" (> $500,000,000). From 1996 on, property damage estimates are given in millions of dollars. Hail reports typically come from specific observers, so no information on the path and extent of the hail swath is available. As an arbitrary artifice to quantify the data, hail reports within any given county are required to be separated by at least 16 km or 15 minutes (Grenier and Holmstead, 1986). 2. HAIL REPORT COLLECTION PROCESS